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Product Environmental
Footprint (PEF) Test Kit –
3rd edition
July 2014
Dr. Thilo Kupfer
• Contains methodological aspects of the Product Environmental Footprinting Initiative that haven’t been finalized yet are being tested in the pilot phases.
It contains:
• GaBi plans in English & German
• Official PEF guide by the European Commission
• Guidance Document 4.0
• Installation guide
Download the PEF Test kit here
You can watch the PEF test kit video here
In case of technical problems please contact [email protected]
2
If you haven’t downloaded the PEF Test kit yet
PEF test kit III
1. Update PEF Initiative
2. 2 new EoL allocation approaches
1. Hybrid approach
2. Integrated approach
3. Normalization and weighting
3
Update PEF
Initiative
4
EC Environmental Footprinting Initiative: Possible
Timeline
EC Environmental Footprinting Pilot Projects provide the framework to
establish binding product category rules/procedures for dairy industry.
Year
KW
2010
H2H1
2011
H2H1
2012
H2H1
2013
H2H1
2014
H2H1
2015
H2H1
2016
H2H1
2017
H2H1
2018
H2H1
2019
H2H1
Standard available PEFCR Drafting
ILCD Handbook
Lead Time/Voluntary
Regulation in place, expert estimation (earliest date)
EC Environmental Footprinting Guides
Definition of Product & Sector Category Specific Guidelines
Pilot Evaluation/Integration in existing policy
Pilot Projects 2nd wave
5
Regulation in placeEC Drafting
ENVIFOOD Protocol
Pilot Projects 1st wave
Verification Rules & Communication Testing
6
• Review of progress of all projects: The majority of pilots are in time, but some projects
have taken a lot of time to start their Technical Secretariat (organization and funding).
Many documents to propose the scope and model for validation are accepted by the
steering committee.
• Many PEF pilot projects can now enter the PEF Screening Phase (July to September
2014 for the first wave of PEF pilot projects)
• Guidance Document 4.0 published, giving further information on
• Representative product
• Modularity of PEFCRs
• Use of secondary data
• Normalisation and weighting
• Verification
• …
Summary of PEF/OEF related activities
7
• Representative product “A PEFCR may include more than one representative product
if appropriate.” Declared unit shall be based on the function of a product (product PEF),
except for intermediate products that can fulfill multiple functions (intermediate PEF). “This
difference is important because it entails further methodological differences at a later stage.
For example whilst for a final product it is allowed to focus the communication of the
environmental performance only on the most relevant impacts, processes and life
cycle stages, this is not possible for intermediate products […].”
• Modularity of PEFCRs “In case of intermediate products the PEFCR becomes a
“module” to be used when developing PEFCRs for products further down that supply chain”
(horizontal approach, the industry sectors may not use datasets independent to each other)
• Verification Verification of PEFCR and PEF profile are two separate processes. The
reviewer qualification is set to “indicative only” during the PEF pilot phase (evaluation and
decision about rules only after the PEF pilot phase?)
Guidance Document 4.0
8
Guidance Document 4.0 delivered w/ PEF test kit III
2 new EoL
allocation
approaches
9
• Mandatory ”one fits all” formula
• 50:50 approach (not in use by PE and its customers up to now, that’s
cut-off or avoided burden)
• Not implemented in PE datasets. But it CAN be used in any model.
• The formula contains inconsistencies/mistakes/debatable items
• under debate during the pilot projects
• 2 new alternative formulas that have been proposed by stakeholders in the
PEF pilot projects in addition to the 3 alternative formulas proposed by the EU
• Take part in the debate via the official channels (e.g. public consultations)
10
Multi-functionality in recycling in the PEF guide
• The 2 new alternative formulas include
1) Hybrid approach that follows the logic of Module D of EN 15804
2) Integrated approach that introduces quality correction factors for recycled
content also for used secondary material
• There is no right or wrong in choosing an approach, the decision is
value based (“who shall get the benefits – the one using recycled
materials or the one using recyclable products?”)
• The formulas MAY be tested in the PEF pilot projects
11
Multi-functionality in recycling
12
Secondary
as 50%
primary
Primary
Mate
rial p
rod
uctio
n
Pro
du
ctio
n
Use
Co
llectio
nLandfill
Material
recycling
Energy
recycling
Credits
50%
Credits
50%
System boundaries
% % Credits
50%
EoL allocation – the idea behind the 50:50 approach
Qs/
Qp
15
Secondary
as 100%
primary
Primary
Mate
rial p
rod
uctio
n
Pro
du
ctio
n
Use
Co
llectio
nLandfill
Material
recycling
Energy
recycling
Credits
100%
Credits
100%
System boundaries
% %
Looping back of the secondary material
Credits
100%
EoL allocation – Hybrid approach
Qs/
Qp
16
EoL allocation – Integrated approach
Sec. as
100%
primary
Primary
Mate
rial p
rod
uctio
n
Pro
du
ctio
n
Use
Co
llectio
nLandfill
Material
recycling
Energy
recycling
Credits
100%
Credits
100%
System boundaries
%% Credits
100%
Qs/
QpQsin/
Qp
17
Multi-functionality in recycling: PEF guide Annex V
• Input: Production of primary material (amount: primary material plus 50% of
secondary material used)
• Input: Production of secondary material (amount: 50% of secondary material
used) only collection sorting, transports… are in the system boundaries.
Additionally credits are given for the avoided landfill of the secondary material.
• Output: Material recycling. Secondary material substitutes primary material
(where required using a value corrected substitution), credits for primary material
(amount: 50% of secondary material generated). A quality factor 𝑄𝑆
𝑄𝑃allows to
adjust for upcycling or downcycling
• Output: Energy recycling. Credits for energy (electricity and thermal energy),
(amount: 100% of material generated)
• Output: The rest is landfilled, energy credits are given.
The formula can generate burdens and credits for landfill, even
if no material is landfilled. The credits for the avoided landfill
of the secondary material are considered consequential LCA.
No looping back of the secondary material output to saturate
the secondary material input (no net scrap approach)
21
Multi-functionality in recycling: Hybrid approach
• Input: Production of primary material (amount: primary material without secondary
material used)
• Input: Production of secondary material (amount: 100% of secondary material
used) only collection sorting, transports… are in the system boundaries
• Output: Material recycling. Secondary material substitutes primary material
(where required using a value corrected substitution), credits for primary material,
but only in cases where the amount of material recycling is higher than the used
secondary material, else the credit becomes a burden. A quality factor 𝑄𝑆
𝑄𝑃allows to
adjust for upcycling or downcycling
• Output: Energy recycling. Credits for energy (electricity and thermal energy),
(amount: 100% of material generated)
• Output: The rest is landfilled, energy credits are given.
Looping back of the secondary material output to saturate
the secondary material input (net scrap approach)
The approach follows the logic of EN 15804 and can be considered a
compromise between 0:100 and 100:0 approaches
22
Multi-functionality in recycling: Integrated approach
• Input: Production of primary material (amount: primary material without secondary
material used)
• Input: Production of secondary material (amount: 100% of secondary material
used) only collection sorting, transports… are in the system boundaries. An
additional quality factor 𝑄𝑆 𝑖𝑛
𝑄𝑃allows to adjust for upcycling or downcycling
• Output: Material recycling. Secondary material substitutes primary material
(where required using a value corrected substitution), credits for primary material
(amount: 100% of secondary material generated). A quality factor 𝑄𝑆
𝑄𝑃allows to
adjust for upcycling or downcycling
• Output: Energy recycling. Credits for energy (electricity and thermal energy),
(amount: 100% of material generated)
• Output: The rest is landfilled, energy credits are given.
No looping back of the secondary material output to saturate
the secondary material input (no net scrap approach)
The approach can be considered a compromise between 0:100 and 100:0
approaches
(1-R1) 𝗑 EV + R1 𝗑𝑄𝑆 𝑖𝑛
𝑄𝑃𝗑 EV + R2 𝗑(ErecyclingEoL – E*
V 𝗑𝑄𝑆
𝑄𝑃) + R3 𝗑(EER- LHV 𝗑 XER,elec𝗑ESE,elec – LHV 𝗑XER, heat 𝗑ESE,heat) + (1-R2-R3) 𝗑ED)
GaBi Demonstration
End of Life formulas
23
Normalization
and weighting
24
• The European Commission published Guidance document 4.0, further
specifying the open framework set by the PEF guide with regard to
normalization and weighting [European Commission (EC): Product Environmental Footprint Pilot
Guidance - Guidance for the implementation of the EU Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) during the Environmental
Footprint (EF) pilot phase, Version 4.0]
• Normalization factors are used to set the environmental performance of
a product into perspective of the environmental performance of EU-27
in 2010
• Weighting allows to make a single point indicator from the 15
recommended LCIA categories
25
Normalization and weighting
26
Normalization and weighting
27
Normalization
28
Normalization
• Example global warming: One person in the EU-27 in the year 2010
was in average responsible for emitting 9,100 kg CO2-equivalents
29
Weighting
30
Weighting
• PEF guidance document 4.0, chapter 3.12.2 : „Until there is an agreed
set of European weighting factors, all impact categories shall receive
the same weight (weighting factor = 1).”
Now, in the PEF screening study it is possible to:
• Answer the question which of the LCIA potentials are the most
important ones for a certain product or product category and the ones
that shall be communicated to the customers
• Do a hot spot analysis to identify the most relevant
parameters/datasets/processes
• Find out whether the foreground system where primary data needs to
be measured/collected covers the hot spots or if it needs to be
discussed with the EC to expand the foreground system
• Do a „reality check“ if the numbers match our day to day experience
31
Normalization and weighting
32
Normalization and weighting - example
Unit issue?
Unrealistic?
SOM not covered
GaBi Demonstration
Normalization and weighting
33
• Next test kit will be available early next week
• Download link in webinar follow up
34
How to get the new test kit & outlook
z
• For technical questions:
• Please post any other questions in the
GaBi user group on LinkedIn
35
Thank you for your attention!