Click here to load reader
Upload
nguyendang
View
212
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Product Development Economics
Teaching materials to accompany:Product Design and Development
Chapter 13Karl T. Ulrich and Steven D. Eppinger2nd Edition, Irwin McGraw-Hill, 2000.
Product Design and DevelopmentKarl T. Ulrich and Steven D. Eppinger2nd edition, Irwin McGraw-Hill, 2000.
Chapter Table of Contents1. Introduction2. Development Processes and Organizations3. Product Planning4. Identifying Customer Needs5. Product Specifications6. Concept Generation7. Concept Selection8. Concept Testing9. Product Architecture10. Industrial Design11. Design for Manufacturing12. Prototyping13. Product Development Economics14. Managing Projects
Product Development Process
PlanningPlanning ConceptDevelopment
ConceptDevelopment
System-LevelDesign
System-LevelDesign
DetailDesignDetail
DesignTesting andRefinement
Testing andRefinement
ProductionRamp-Up
ProductionRamp-Up
• Go/No-Go Decision Gates
• Sensitivity and Trade-off Analysis
Product Development Economics Example:Polaroid Color Photo Printer U
sed with P
ermission
This item
is no longer manufactured by the P
oloroid Corporation
Product Development Cash FlowC
umul
ativ
e C
ash
Inflo
w o
r Out
flow
($)
InvestmentPaybackTime
DevelopmentTime
Sales Revenue
Operating Costs
Operating Profit
Investment (–)
Time
Break EvenTime
Project Financial Analysis(also Business Case Analysis or Product Economics)
• Most common method is NP�V analysis of project cash flows.
• Base case model computes nominal NPV.
• Sensitivity and trade-off analysis supports development decisions.
• Qualitative factors also influence decisions.
NPV =period cash flow
(1 + discount rate) periodperiodsΣ
NPV =C
(1 + r) iΣN
i
i = 1
Net Present Value
Inputs for NPV Base Case• Development cost and timing• Testing cost and timing• Tooling investment and timing• Ramp-up cost and timing• Marketing and support cost and timing• Sales volume and lifetime• Unit production cost• Unit revenue• Discount rate
Example: Stanley Hammer• Designed in 1995 by
Product Genesis for Stanley Tools
• Contractor GradeTM
• Graphite composite shaft
• Soft rubber grip
WSJ April 14, 1995
Inputs for Hammer Base Case• Development cost and timing
• Testing cost and timing
• Tooling investment and timing
• Ramp-up cost and timing
• Marketing and support cost and timing
• Sales volume and lifetime
• Unit production cost
• Unit revenue
• Discount rate
$120k, 9 months
$100k, 1 year
$200k, 6 months
$50k, 3 months
$250k + $80k/year for 2 years
200k units/year, 5 years (actually not flat)
$4/unit + $2/unit overhead
$12/unit wholesale
10%/year
Excel Spreadsheet
Model