Proclamation of Indonesian Independence - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

8/12/2019 Proclamation of Indonesian Independence - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

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Sukarno, accompanied by

Mohammad Hatta (right),

proclaiming the independence of

Indonesia.

Proclamation of Indonesian IndependenceFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence(Indonesian:Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia, or

simplyProklamasi) was read at 10.00 a.m. on Friday, August 17, 1945. The declaration marked the start of

the diplomatic and armed-resistance of the Indonesian National Revolution, fighting against the forces of the

Netherlands and pro-Dutch civilians, until the latter officially acknowledged Indonesia's independence in

1949. In 2005, the Netherlands declared that they had decided to accept de facto 17 August 1945 as

Indonesia's independence date.[1]In a 2013 interview the Indonesian historian Sukotjo, amongst others,

asked the Dutch government to formally acknowledge the date of independence as August 17, 1945.[2]The

United Nations, who mediated in the conflict, formally acknowledge the date of independence as 27

December 1949.[3]

The document was signed by Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta, who were appointed President and

Vice-president respectively the following day.

Contents

1 The Declaration

2 Draft

2.1 Indonesian

2.2 Amendments

3 Final text

3.1 English translation

4 Banknote

5 References

6 Further reading

7 External links

The Declaration

The draft was prepared only a few hours earlier, on the night of

August 16, by Sukarno, Hatta, and Soebardjo, at Rear-Admiral

Maeda (Minoru) Tadashi's house, Miyako-Doori 1, Jakarta (now the"Museum of the Declaration of Independence", JL. Imam Bonjol I,

Jakarta). The original Indonesian Declaration of Independence was

typed by Sayuti Melik.[4][5]Maeda himself was sleeping in his room

upstairs. He was agreeable to the idea of Indonesia's independence,

and had lent his house for the drafting of the declaration. Marshal

Terauchi, the highest-ranking Japanese leader in South East Asia and

son of Prime Minister Terauchi Masatake, was however against

Indonesia's independence, scheduled for August 24.

While the formal preparation of the declaration, and the official

independence itself for that matter, had been carefully planned a few

months earlier, the actual declaration date was brought forward almost inadvertently as a consequence of the

Japanese unconditional surrender to the Allies on August 15 following the Nagasaki atomic bombing. The

historic event was triggered by a plot, led by a few more radical youth activists such as Adam Malik and

clamation of Indonesian Independence - Wikipedia, the free encycl... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proclamation_of_Indonesian_Independence

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Chairul Saleh, that put pressure on Soekarno and Hatta to proclaim independence immediately. The

declaration was to be signed by the 27 members of the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence

(PPKI) symbolically representing the new nation's diversity. The particular act was apparently inspired by a

similar spirit of the United States Declaration of Independence. However, the idea was heavily turned down

by the radical activists mentioned earlier, arguing that the committee was too closely associated with then

soon to be defunct Japanese occupation rule, thus creating a potential credibility issue. Instead, the radical

activists demanded that the signatures of six of them were to be put on the document. All parties involved in

the historical moment finally agreed on a compromise solution which only included Soekarno andMohammad Hatta as the co-signers 'in the name of the nation of Indonesia'

Soekarno had initially wanted the declaration to be read at Ikada Plain, the large open field in the centre of

Jakarta, but due to unfounded widespread apprehension over the possibility of Japanese sabotage, the venue

was changed to Soekarno's house at Pegangsaan Timur 56. In fact there was no concrete evidence for the

growing suspicions, as the Japanese had already surrendered to the Allies, The declaration of independence

passed without a hitch.

The proclamation at 56, Jalan Pegangsaan Timur, Jakarta, was heard throughout the country because the text

was secretly broadcast by Indonesian radio personnel using the transmitters of the JAKARTA Hoso Kyoku

radio station. An English translation of the proclamation was broadcast overseas.

Draft

Indonesian

PROKLAMASI

Kami, bangsa Indonesia, dengan ini menjatakan kemerdekaan Indonesia.

Hal-hal jang mengenai pemindahan kekoeasaan,d.l.l., diselenggarakan dengan tjara saksamadan dalam tempoh jang sesingkat-singkatnja

Djakarta, 17-8-'05

Wakil-Wakil Bangsa Indonesia

Amendments

Three amendments were made to the draft, as follows:

"tempoh": changed to "tempo", both meaning "time period".

17-8-05: changed to "hari17, boelan8, tahoen05" ("day 17, month 8, year 05" of the Japanese

sumera calendar); the number "05" is the short form for 2605.

"Wakil-Wakil Bangsa Indonesia" (Representatives of the people of Indonesian nation): changed to

"Atas nama bangsa Indonesia" ("in the name of the nation of Indonesia").[6]

Final text

PROKLAMASI

Kami, bangsa Indonesia, dengan ini menjatakan kemerdekaan Indonesia.

Hal-hal jang mengenai pemindahan kekoeasaan d.l.l., diselenggarakan dengan tjara saksama


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The original Indonesian Declaration

of Independence

Sukarno reading the proclamation.

According to Rushdy Hussein,

Indonesian historian, this record was

made in 1951, not 1945.[7]

The monument commemorating the

Indonesian Declaration of

Independence

A 100,000 Rupiah banknote,

containing the Proclamation ofIndependence.

dan dalam tempojang sesingkat-singkatnja.

Djakarta, hari 17 boelan 8 tahoen 05

Atas nama bangsa Indonesia,

Soekarno/Hatta.

English translation

An English translation published by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

as of October 1948 included the entire speech as read by Sukarno. It

incorporated remarks made immediately prior to and after the actual

proclamation. George McTurnan Kahin, a historian on Indonesia,

believed that they were omitted from publication in Indonesia either

due to Japanese control of media outlets or fear of provoking a harsh

Japanese response.[8]

PROCLAMATION

WE THE PEOPLE OF INDONESIA HEREBY DECLARE

THE INDEPENDENCE OF

INDONESIA. MATTERS WHICH CONCERN THE

TRANSFER OF POWER AND

OTHER THINGS WILL BE EXECUTED BY CAREFULMEANS AND IN THE

SHORTEST POSSIBLE TIME.

DJAKARTA, 17 AUGUST 1945

IN THE NAME OF THE PEOPLE OF INDONESIA

SOEKARNOHATTA

BanknoteThis proclamation is printed in the back of the Rp.100,000 Indonesian

banknote of the year 2004 series.

References

^"Dutch govt expresses regrets over killings in RI"

(http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2005/08/18/dutch-govt-expresses-

regrets-over-killings-ri.html).Jakarta Post. 2005-08-18. Retrieved

2008-11-23.

1.

^"Indonesi wil erkenning onafhankelijkheidsdag" (http://nos.nl/video

/549112-indonesie-wil-erkenning-onafhankelijkheidsdag.html) (in Dutch).

Nederlandse Omroep Stichting. 8 September 2013. Retrieved 15 September

2013.

2.

0:00 MENU


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Documents

Proclamation of Indonesian Independence - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia