Chapter 13Cartography and Navigation

prof.dr.ir. Wil van der Aalstwww.processmining.org

Overview

PAGE 1

Part I: Preliminaries

Chapter 2 Process Modeling and Analysis

Chapter 3Data Mining

Part II: From Event Logs to Process Models

Chapter 4 Getting the Data

Chapter 5 Process Discovery: An Introduction

Chapter 6 Advanced Process Discovery Techniques

Part III: Beyond Process Discovery

Chapter 7 Conformance Checking

Chapter 8 Mining Additional Perspectives

Chapter 9 Operational Support

Part IV: Putting Process Mining to Work

Chapter 10 Tool Support

Chapter 11 Analyzing “Lasagna Processes”

Chapter 12 Analyzing “Spaghetti Processes”

Part V: Reflection

Chapter 13Cartography and Navigation

Chapter 14Epilogue

Chapter 1 Introduction

Business process maps

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The first geographical maps date back to the 7th Millennium BC. Since then cartographers have improved their skills and techniques to create maps thereby addressing problems such as clearly representing desired traits, eliminating irrelevant details, reducing complexity, and improving understandability.

Example of a map

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Road map of The Netherlands. The map abstracts from smaller cities and less significant roads; only the bigger cities, highways, and other important roads are shown. Moreover, cities aggregate local roads and local districts. Also not use of color, size, etc.

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Tripfacts

are releasedfor accounting

Plannedtrip

is approved

TravelExpenses

Advancepayment

Needto correctplanned

tripis transmitted

Unrequestedtrip

has takenplace

Tripfacts

and receiptshave

been released for checking

Approvedtrip

has takenplace

Tripcosts

statementis transmitted

Entryof tripfacts

Entryof a

travelrequest

Accountingdate

is reached

Paymentamount

transmittedto bank/payee

Cancellation

Tripcostsmust

be includedin cost accounting

Amountsliable

to employmenttax transmitted

to payroll

Amountsrelevant

to accountingtransmitted

to payroll accounting

Needfor trip

has arisen

Paymentsmust

be released

Tripis requested

Approvalof tripfacts

Paymentmust

be effected

Approvalof travelrequest

Tripexpenses

reimbursementis rejected

Plannedtrip

mustbe canceled

Tripadvance

is transmitted/paid

Tripexpenses

reimbursementmust

be canceled

Tripis canceled

Tripcosts

cancelationstatement

is transmitted

Plannedtrip

is rejected

Approvalof tripfacts

is transmitted

A

B

CE

D

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Highlights more important paths

More significant nodes are emphasized

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AggregationClustering of coherent, less significant structures

AbstractionRemoving isolated, less significant structures

More to learn from maps...

Illustrating the problem

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Classical top level view: low level connections still exist

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y z

Seamless zoom

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Threshold: 0.3

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Threshold: 0.4

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Threshold: 0.6

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Threshold: 1.0

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Example: Reviewing papers(100 cases generating 3730 events)

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WF-net discovered using the α-algorithm

Fuzzy miner: two views on the same process

PAGE 11

fuzzy model showing all activities

color and width of arc

indicates significance

of connection

fuzzy model showing only two activities

Balancing between both extremes

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aggregated node containing 10 activities

inner structure of aggregated node

fuzzy model showing all activities

color and width of arc

indicates significance

of connection

fuzzy model showing only two activities

Not a single map!

PAGE 13

Projecting dynamic information on business process maps

PAGE 14

Projecting traffic jams on maps

PAGE 15

Business process movies

PAGE 16

Navigation

• Whereas a TomTom device is continuously showing the expected arrival time, users of today’s information systems are often left clueless about likely outcomes of the cases they are working on.

• Car navigation systems provide directions and guidance without controlling the driver. The driver is still in control, but, given a goal (e.g. to get from A to B as fast as possible), the navigation system recommends the next action to be taken.

• Operational support provides TomTom functionality for business processes.

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Predict: When will I be home? At 11.26!

Recommend: How to get home ASAP? Take a left turn!

Detect: You drive too fast!

Relating the process mining framework to cartography and navigation

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information system(s)

current data

“world”people

machines

organizationsbusiness

processes documents

historic data

resources/organization

data/rules

control-flow

de jure models

resources/organization

data/rules

control-flow

de facto models

provenance

expl

ore

pred

ict

reco

mm

end

dete

ct

chec

k

com

pare

prom

ote

disc

over

enha

nce

diag

nose

cartographynavigation auditing

event logs

models

“pre mortem”

“post mortem”