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8/10/2019 PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD) & PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID)
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CBB1052 ENGINEERING
GRAPHICS
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD)
& PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION
DIAGRAM (P&ID)
CHAPTER 9
WEEK 11
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OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lecture, students should be able
to:
Explain what is PFD and P&ID
Construct PFD given a process statement or from
block diagram
Understand and apply general draughting rules
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(B) PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
In the process flow diagram (PFD), processes
and/or process plants are shown as graphical
symbols, interconnected by flow lines.
The graphical symbols represent equipment and
the lines represent flows of mass or energy or
energy carriers.
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(B) PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
The process flow diagram should consist of the
following basic information:
symbols of process equipment
denomination of the equipment
route and direction of the incoming and
outgoing material, energy and/or carrier flows
denomination of flows of incoming and outgoing
materials, energy and/or carriers
operating conditions (T and P)
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(B) PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
Source: EN ISO 10628:2001
Symbols of process equipment
Denomination of the equipment
Route & direction of incoming & outgoing material
or energy flows
Operating conditions
Denomination of flows of incoming & outgoing
material
or energy flows
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(B) PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
The process flow diagram may also contains:
denomination of flow directions and flow rates
of process fluids between the process steps
essential valves in the logical process position
with respect to their function
functional demands for process measurement
and control at essential points
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(B) PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
(continued):
supplementary operating conditions ( , )
denomination of equipment and characteristic
data of equipment
denomination of drives (e.g., gears, conveyors,
belts, chains, cranes) and their characteristics
elevation of platforms and approximate
relative vertical position of equipment.
Density, viscosity
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(B) PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
Source: EN ISO 10628:2001
Data tables
Supplementary operating conditions ()
Operating T & P
Gate valve
Elevation of platforms &
approx relative vertical position of equipValves in the logical process position
with respect to their function
Flowrates of process fluids
Functional demands for process measurement
& control
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(C) PROCESS ANDINSTRUMENTATION
DIAGRAM(P&ID)
The piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is
drawn based on the process flow diagram (PFD).
The P&ID represents the technical realization of aprocess by means of graphical symbols for equipment and
piping together with graphical symbols for process
measurement and control functions.
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The piping and instrument diagram should consist of the following
basic information:
function or type of equipment, including drives,
conveyors as well as installed spares
identification number of equipment
characteristic data of equipment
indication of nominal diameter, pressure rating,
material and type of piping
(C) PROCESS ANDINSTRUMENTATION
DIAGRAM(P&ID)
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(C) PROCESS ANDINSTRUMENTATION
DIAGRAM(P&ID)
The piping and instrumentation diagram may also contains:
denomination of flow rates or amounts of energy or energy
carriers
route and direction of flow of energy or carriers
type of essential primary elements and sensors
essential construction materials for equipment
elevation of platforms and approximate relative verticalposition of equipment
reference designation for valves and fittings
denomination of equipment
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EQUIPMENT DENOMINATION ACCORDING
TO BS
K1 Bubble cap tray column
W1 Circulating evaporator
W2 Condenser
W4 Distillate cooler W5 Residue cooler
B1, B2 distillate vessel
P1A-B Centrifugal pump
P2A-B Pump
P3A-B Centrifugal pump
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EQUIPMENT FUNCTION CODE BASED ON
PTS
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EQUIPMENT FUNCTION CODE BASED ON
PTS
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Process & eng flow scheme Utilities & eng flow scheme
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DCS=distribution control system
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GENERAL DRAUGHTINGRULESACCORDING
TOBRITISHSTANDARD
Dimensions
Should reflect the actual relative dimensions with
respect to scale and elevation (exclude valves,
pumps and measurement unit)
Location
Devices to be expected at the uttermost level of the
plant shall appear at the top of the drawing
Those devices at the lowest level are expected to be
shown at the bottom of the drawing Logical position
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Flow Direction
Flow direction shall start from left to right or topto bottom
Line Spacing
Line should not be spaced less than twice thewidth of the lines
Line spacing (parallel lines) > 10 mm is highlydesirable
Arrows
For better understanding, arrow may be located atthe inlet of the equipment and upstream of pipebranches
GENERAL DRAUGHTINGRULESACCORDING
TOBRITISH STANDARD(CONT.)
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GENERAL DRAUGHTINGRULESACCORDING
TOBRITISH STANDARD(CONT.)
Lines Connection
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GENERAL DRAUGHTINGRULESACCORDING
TOBRITISH STANDARD(CONT.)
Auxiliary system lines
Lines shall be shown as dashed lines with the
indication of the direction of flow and reference to
type of the energy carrier
Lettering Height of letters shall be 5 mm for reference
designations of major equipment
2.5 mm for other inscriptions
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INSTRUMENT NOMENCLATURE
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SUMMARY
PFD
P&ID
General Draughting Rules
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