-Process by which oxygen and glucose (food) combine to make energy

What part of the cell is involved in making ATP?

#1-No O2 present= small amount of energy(2 ATP)

#2-O2 present= large amount of energy (36 ATP)

-Process by which O2 and CO2 are exchanged Between cells, blood, and the lungs.

Cellular

Respiration

Human

Respiration

Definition O2 and glucose

combine to make ATP

Gas Exchange

Process O2 + glucose

ATP+CO2 +H2O

O2 in

CO2 out

Type of organism occurs in

Plants, Animals=

ALL living things

Animals

ONLY

Air enters here. Warms, moistens, and filters air before entering lungs. Lined with tiny hairs.

Tube at the back of the mouth that receives air from nasal cavity. Passageway for food AND air.

How does the Respiratory System maintain HOMEOSTASIS?

-Through gas exchange (O2 in/CO2 out)

Contains vocal cords. Air passes through causing sound producing vibrations.

Cartilage that surrounds and protects the larynx. Grows larger in males due to testosterone.

Receives air from the pharynx. Passes air into bronchi.

2 Large passageways in the chest cavity that lead to each lung.

Smaller sub-divisions of the bronchi within each lung. Tiny air passages that lead to the alveoli.

Tiny hair-like structures that line air passages. They sweep trapped particles and mucus AWAY from lungs and toward pharynx.

Cilia

Tiny air sacs at the end of the Bronchioles. Clustered together. Gas exchange takes place here. (Blood and air side by side) One cell thick!

Main organ of Respiratory System. Have 2 (Right/Left). Inflate and deflate during gas exchange.

Large, Flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity. Contracts when you inhale, expands when you exhale.

Bronchi

Nasal Cavity

Right Lung

Alveoli Clusters

Larynx Epiglottis

Trachea

Left Lung

Bronchioles

Pharynx

Diaphragm

Pleural Membrane

Cartilage Rings

Air enters

(In lungs)

(into blood)

-Movement of the Diaphragm: Diaphragm contracts (moves down),

Pressure reduced, AIR IN

Diaphragm relaxes (moves up) , Pressure increases, AIR OUT

System Animation

-Air Sacs (clustered)

-Where gas exchange occurs

-Moist -One cell layer thick

There are over 600 million alveoli that make up your lungs. If you stretched them out…

They would cover an entire tennis court!!!

When sleepy, you may Not take in enough O2…

The body’s way of Removing an irritant from The sensitive mucus Membranes…

Sudden movements of the diaphragm…

Inflammation of the bronchial Tubes. Mucus accumulates and Breathing is difficult.

Caused by: Bacterial infection Treatment: Antibiotics

Long Term Effects: May become chronic

Severe allergic reaction causing the walls of the bronchioles to tighten, restricting air flow.

Caused by: Various triggers: smoking, pollen, mold, dust mites, activity, colds/infections, weather, strong odors and sprays.

Treatment: Medication, inhalers

Long Term Effects: Causes chronic wheezing and coughing. May be outgrown. Can get worse with age.

Alveoli fill with fluid making breathing difficult. Prevents gas exchange.

Caused by: Bacterial or viral infection

Treatment: Medicine, rest, time

Long Term Effects: Trouble breathing, coughing. Can lead to death if not treated. (Drowning)

Alveoli break down reducing The total area of the Respiratory surface.

Caused by: Smoking

Treatment: None! Damage irreversible. MUST Stop smoking.

Long Term Effects: Lungs unable to inflate. Shortness of breath. Will lead to death.

Smoking damages walls of the alveoli as well as damages cilia (paralyzes), and increases the chances of lung cancer.

-Tobacco use remains the leading PREVENTABLE cause of death in the U.S., causing more than 440,000 deaths each year and resulting in an annual cost of more than $75 billion in direct medical costs.

-Approximately 80% of adult smokers started smoking before the age of 18. Every day, nearly 5,000 young people under the age of 18 try their first cigarette.

-More than 6.4 million children living today will die prematurely because of a decision they will make as adolescents- the decision to smoke cigarettes.

Smoking kills MORE Americans each year than alcohol, cocaine, crack, heroin, suicide, car accidents, fires, and AIDS

Estimated by the U.S. Department Of Health to be Around 418,690 per year!

-4,000 chemicals (43 are KNOWN carcinogens)

-Formaldahyde

-Ammonia -Acetone -Tar

-Nicotine

-Carbon Monoxide -Arsenic

How’s about a nice BIG kiss?????

-Tumors form in lungs due To uncontrollable cell growth

-80% of lung cancers are due to tobacco smoke

-There are over 2,000 cancer causing-chemicals in tobacco smoke

-Normal human cells turn into cancer cells when Exposed to carcinogens (cancer causing chemicals)

-Other well established carcinogens of the lung include radon, asbestos, nickel, chromates, coal, tar, and arsenic.