ASIS '96

Proceedings of the 59th ASISAnnual Meeting

1996 Volume 33

Baltimore, MarylandOctober 21 - 24, 1996

GLOBAL COMPLEXITY:

INFORMATION, CHAOS

AND CONTROL

Proceedings EditorSteve Hardin

Indiana State University

Technical Program Co-ChairsCharles H. Davis

Debora ShawIndiana University

Contributed Papers ChairLinda Smith

University of Illinois

SIG Sessions ChairMerri Beth Lavagnino

University of Illinois

SUB Gttttlngen206.480741

97 B 4751

415

Published for theAmerican Society for Information Science

byInformation Today, Inc.

Medford, New Jersey

CONTENTS

ASIS Officers and Chairs iii

Conference Committees iv

Refereees of Contributed Papers v

Preface vi

PART I: CONTRIBUTED PAPERS

Interactive Information Retrieval

Modeling Interaction in Information Retrieval (IR): A Review and ProposalTefko Saracevic ..3

Interactive Information Seeking and Retrieving: A Third Feedback ApproachAmanda Spink ;.... 10

Internet Resources

The Business Web in Russia: Usability for the Western UserBob Travica and Blaise Cronin 16

Form and Function: Publishing the Canadian Government Weekly Checklist on the InternetRon Davies and Tanis Chalk 24

An Internet Application to Relieve Constraints in the Flow of Technical Information —The Virtual Technology Market (VTM)

James ErBeverly, Lan Xue, and Chung-Shing Lee 30

Investigations of Online Catalogs

A Comparative Approach to System Evaluation: Delegating Control of Retrieval Tests to anExperimental Online System

Karen M. Drabenstott and Marjorie S. Weller ....34

Unmediated and Mediated Information Searching in the Public LibraryRagnar Nordlie ..„ 41

Complexity of Search Tasks and Children's Information RetrievalSandra G. Hirsh 47

Interface Design and Navigation

Design and Evaluation of a User Interface Supporting Multiple Image Query ModelsJaved Mostafa and Andrew Dillon 52

Disorientation in Electronic Environments: A Study of Hypertext and ContinuousZooming Interfaces

Linda B. Paez, Jose Bezerra da Silva-Fh., and Gary Marchionini 58

A Unified Similarity Coefficient for Navigating Through Multi-dimensional InformationDouglas Tudhope and Carl Taylor : 67

vii

Bibliometrlcs, Indexing and the WWW

Bibliometrics of the World Wide Web: An Exploratory Analysis of the IntellectualStructure of Cyberspace

Ray R. Larson ••• •• 71

An Investigation of Indexing on the WWWPadmini Srinivasan, Miguel E. Ruiz, and Wai Lam : ..;....79

Complexity in Indexing Systems — Abandonment and Failure:Implications for Organizing the Internet

Bella Hass Weinberg ..84

Information Search Process

The Concept of a Zone of Intervention for Identifying the Role ofIntermediaries in the Information Search Process

Carol C.' Kuhlthau : 91

Information Search Process Model: How Freshmen Begin ResearchDeborah E. Swain • 95

Affective Monitoring of Internet Learners: Perceived Self-efficacy and SuccessDiane Nahl •• 100

Methodological Issues in Studying Users of Networksand Digital Libraries (see also p. 285)

Developing Assessment Techniques for Statewide Electronic NetworksJohn Carlo Bertot and Charles R. McClure 110

Community System Users and UsesGregory B. Newby and Ann Peterson Bishop 118

Searching the World Wide Web

Search Engines for the World Wide Web: A Comparative Study and Evaluation MethodologyHeting Chu and Marilyn Rosenthal 127

A Comparative Study of Web Search Service PerformanceWei Ding and Gary Marchioriini 136

Landmarks in the World Wide Web: A Preliminary StudyJennifer K. Heffron, Andrew Dillon, and Javed Mostafa 143

Information in Organizations

Securities Analysts as Information-seekersNancy Sadler Baldwin and Ronald E. Rice 146

Structure and Action: Towards a New Concept of the Information Use EnvironmentHoward Rosenbaum 152

Reliable and Authentic Electronic RecordsTerry Eastwood 157

viii

Issues Associated -with Electronic Resources

Electronic Surveys: Methodological Implications for Using the -World Wide Web to Collect Survey Data

John Carlo Bertot and Charles R. McClure 173

Advertising on the World Wide Web: Issues and Policies for Not-for-profit OrganizationsHerbert Snyder and Howard Rosenbaum 186

Survey of Electronic Journals in OCLC: The Extent and Quality of CatalogingTaemin Kim Park 193

The Search for an Internet Metaphor: A Comparison of LiteraturesRuth A. Palmquist 198

Indexing and Abstracting

An Experiment in the Use of Tools for Computer-assisted'AbstractingTimothy C. Craven 203

Indexing Images: Testing an Image Description TemplateCorinne Jorgensen < 209

Cross-language Transfer of Indexing Concepts for Storage and Retrieval of Moving Images:Preliminary Results

James M. Turner 214

Measures in Information Retrieval

User Criteria in Relevance Evaluation: Toward Development of a Measurement ScaleLinda Schamber and Judy Bateman 218

Value of Search Results as a Whole as a Measure of Information Retrieval PerformanceLouise T.'Su ......:... 226

Using Conceptual Categories of Questions to Measure Differences in Retrieval PerformanceJohn G. Keyes 238

Scholarly Communication and Information Use

Use of Book Reviews by Scholars: Implications for Electronic PublishingAmanda Spink and David Robins 243

Scholarly Communication and Network Influences in the Hybrid Problem Area ofDevelopmental Dyslexia

Claudia A. Perry and Ronald E. Rice ! 249

A Qualitative Study of Scholars' Citation BehaviorPeiling Wang and Marilyn Domas White 255

PART H: ABSTRACTS OF SIG SESSIONS

SIG/AH/LAN/VISDigital Imagery: Photographs and Art

Moderator: Sarah Prown , 265

ix

Retrieval and Study of Digital Images: Lessons from the MuseumEducation Site license Project

Howard Besser

Museum Networking Project Update: The Consortium for the Computer Interchange ofMuseum Information (CIMI)

Joseph Biisch

The RLG Digital Image Access ProjectStephen Davis

SIG/ALPWhat Kinds of Text Summarization Are Possible Now?

Moderator: Karen Kukich 266

Richard Kittredge

Jaime Carbonell

Kathleen McKeown

Lisa Rau

Julian Kupiec

SIG/CR/HCI/HFISBrowsing Online and in the Stacks: What Is It and How Can It Be Facilitated?

Moderator: Dee Michel 267

Dimensions Characterizing BrowsingShan-Ju Chang

Tending our Pastures: A Decade's Worth of Research on Browsing Fiction CollectionsSharon (Shay) L. Baker -

A File Definition of BrowsingDee Michel

Browsing: Not Lazy SearchingGary Marchionini

SIG/CR/HCI/SRTSocial Impacts of Digital Libraries

Moderator: Efthimis N. Efthimiadis 268

Overview of Research Issues ,Christine L. Borgman

Human-Centered Research IssuesSusan Leigh Star

Artifact-Centered Research IssuesRaya Fidel

Technology-Centered Research IssuesEfthimis N. Efthimiadis i/

SIG/CR/VISIcons and the Web: Communicating Classificatory Structure through Graphics

Moderator: Hanne Albrechtsen 271

The Design of Ecological Interfaces for Web UsersAnnelise Mark Pejtersen

A Framework for Image Indexing Based on Free DescriptionGorinne Jorgensen

Communicating Concepts and Classificatory Structures through Graphics on the WebElin K. Jacob

SIG/CRSHolding Chaos at Bay: Information Management Responses to Complexity

Moderator: M. J. Norton 273

Self Managed Teams: Information Chaos and ControlDeb Barnes

KNIGHT-RIDDER INFORMATION'S Approach to Information ChaosAnne Caputo

Organizational Chaos: Management in Territorial ConflictM. J. Norton

SIG/EDPlanning Curricula for the Information Professionals of the 21st Century

Moderator: Katherine W. McCain 275

Development of IS*96: The ACM-AIS-DPMA Model Curriculum for 4 Year Programs ofInformation Systems

Herbert E. Longenecker, Jr.

Drexel's Curriculum Initiatives in Information. Science and TechnologyThomas A. Childers

Reinventing Education for the Information and Library Professions of the 21st CenturyDaniel E. Atkins and Karen M. Drabenstott

The UC Berkeley School of Information Management and Systems CurriculumRay R. Larson

SIG/EDDoctoral Forum

Moderator: Ray R. Larson .....^>... 277

SIG/HCIUsability Testing of Text-based and Visual User Interfaces

Moderator: Louise T. Su 278

Usability Testing of Online Systems and OCLC's Usability LabMartin Dillon

Text-based Interfaces and Text-based Bibliographic Enhancements:Thinking Beyond Standard Bibliographic Information (and Text)Thomas B'. Wall

Usability Testing of a Prototype Visualization-based Information Retrieval SystemSherry Koshman

xi

SIG/HCI/MEDControlling Risk in a Complex Environment: The Design of Computer-based Systems toMinimize Human Error in Medicine

Moderator: Janette B. Bradley 280

Information: A Means to Reduce the Likelihood of Human Error in MedicineM. Sue Bogner .

Application of the Critical Incident Technique in the Intensive Care UnitKarl Van Orden

Using the Delphi Method to Design an Ideal Error Reporting System for the BloodTransfusion Process

James Battles, Janette Bradley, Harold Kaplan, Quay Mercer, and Mary Whiteside

SIG/HCI/VISStrategies for a Global Community: Reengineering User Interfaces for Governmentaland Public Organizational Information Systems

Moderator: Janette B. Bradley 281

The P1000 Initiative: An Interdisciplinary Plan for Federally-supported InformationVisualization Research and Development

Russell R. Rose

UN International Nuclear Information System: Reengineering 25 Years of a GlobalDecentralized Database

Emil Levine

End-User Interfaces for Information Systems: Usability Testing and EvaluationTheresa A. O'Cpnnell

SIG/HCI/VIS/LANNavigating Complexity: New Interfaces for the World Wide Web and Data Visualization

Moderator: Patricia Vanderburg 282

A Web-based Interface to a Medical Retrieval System: New Access Points Using Variables andTheir Relationships

Sam Oh

- Interfaces for a Complex Environment: VRML, Java, and Shockwave for the World Wide WebPeter Scannell

Web-based Interfaces for Object-Oriented and Relational DatabasesJanette B. Bradley .

SIG/HFIS/EDTheories of Information Science

Moderator: Michael Buckland 283

Information Retrieval: Collections, Transformers, and PartitionersChristian Plaunt and Michael Buckland

Information as Mediation: On the Potentially Fertile Coupling of Semioticsand Information Science

Jean Umiker-Sebeok

Information: A Rhetorical ConstructMartha M. Smith

xii

SIG/HFISTheory Under Construction: Rethinking Frameworks for Scholarly and ScientificCommunication in the Age of the Internet

Moderator: Robert V. Williams ; ;..'..„ 284

Scholarly Communication Research: Perspectives of Information Science and Related FieldsLinda Schamber •

Characterizing Electronic Scientific Discourse: What Revolution?Judy Bateman

Whither Invisible Colleges? Theoretical Constructs in the Age of Electronic ScholarlyCommunication

Steven MacCall

SIG/IAE/EDMethodological Issues in Studying Users of Networks and Digital libraries

Moderator: Trudi Bellardo Hahn 285

Developing Assessment Techniques for Statewide Electronic NetworksJohn Carlo Bertot and Charles R. McClure (see also p. 110)

Community System Users and UsesGregory B. Newby and Ann Peterson Bishop (see also p. 118)

SIG/m/TISInformation Science and Sustainable Global Development

Moderator: Michel Menou 286

The Coming Age of Scarcity: Sustaining life While Down Scaling World Industrial ProductionIsidor Wallimann

The Role of Information in Sustainable DevelopmentAmanda Spink

SIG/LAN/AHArchival Control and Access: Finding Aids Using SGML

Moderator: Shari L. Weaver 287

The Role of Metadata in Digital libraries and ArchivesPhilip Bantin

The Encoded Archival Description (EAD) DTDDaniel Pitti

SGML Finding Aids at Yale: Reference Service TransformedRichard Szary

SIG/MED/HCIBringing Wellness Out of Chaos: Impact of Widespread Delivery of Health Information toPatients

Moderators: Douglas M. Stetson, Art Schiller 288

Florence Cofnite

Bill Decker

Carol Romano

Stephen Marine

J. Keith Green

Hugh P. Scottxiii

SIG/MGTCombating the Corporate Blahs of Information Management: Strategies for Creating an Effectiveand Visible Presence of Information Centers Within the Organization

Moderator: Helen Manning. .- 289

Eugenie Prime

W. David Penniman

Laurence Prusak

SIG/MGTOut of Business? How is the Internet Really Impacting Libraries?

Moderator: Marie Teixeira 290

Jennifer Krueger

Beverly Colby

Michael R. Leach

SIG/PUBCreating an Electronic Journal

Moderator: Buzzy Basch 291

Marcia Tuttle

Maria LeBron

John Tagler

Gregory St. John

SIG/STIImages of Dynamics and Complexity in Information Science

Moderator: Albert N. Tabah 292

Some'Analogies to Complexity in the Growth of literaturesAlbert N. Tabah

On the Nature of Initial Conditions and Subsequent Dynamics of Information UseWilliam McGrath . i

Chaos — Its Affect Upon the Concept of Prediction in ResearchHerbert Snyder

SIG/STIUntangling the Scientific Web: Science Educators' Use of Internet Resources

Moderator: Kathleen Wile 293

The Earth System Science Community Curriculum TestbedMichael Keeler

Course Material Delivery via the World Wide WebTom O'Haver

Applications of the Web in the Biomedical CurriculumKerryn A. Brandt and Harold P. Lehmann

SIG/TISCopyright: Chaos or Control?

Moderator: Inez L. Speer-Brisfjord 295

xiv

Copyright Law in the Networked Digital EnvironmentPeter Jaszi

Access to Digital Works: A Communications Law PerspectivePatrice Lyons

Fair Use Guidelines for Educational Multimedia: The Negotiation, Endorsement and ValidationLisa Livingston

The Politics of Fair UseShelly Warwick

SIG/TISThe Complexity of Free Speech, Privacy and Intellectual Freedom in a Global Network

Moderator: Shelly Warwick 297

Conflicting Values: Information Policy vs. PracticeJohn Berry III

Government Information, FOIA, Privacy, Rates and Rights in a Global EnvironmentJames Love

The Role of Content and AnonymityShabbir J. Sadar

SIG/VISOnline Visuals: Maps, Entertainment, and Texts of the Internet

Moderator: Myke Gluck 299

Entertainment on the InternetTom Kinney

Texts on'the InternetRay,R. Larson

Cartographic Images on the InternetMyke Gluck

SIG/VIS/HCI/STIVisual Access to Retrieved Objects

Moderator: Mark E. Rorvig 300

Visual Interfaces to Data Defined by Known VariablesBen Shneiderman

Visual Information Retrieval: Overview of Interface TypologiesRobert Korfhage

Visual Retrieval Interfaces Based on Rational Distance Measures of SimilarityHenry Small

Rational Distance Measures for Visualization of Multivariate Data — Experiences of the UnionBank of Switzerland

Mathew Chalmers

Fuzzy Logic and Principle Components Analysis as Measures of Similarity inIntelligence Data Analysis

Jim Wise

The Meaning of Visual Information Retrieval for Information Retrieval as a DisciplineMichael Buckland

xv

PART HI: FOR THE RECORD

Plenary Speaker 303Eli M. Noam

Keynote Speaker. 303

Shepherding Bits: Chaos and Control in the Information AgeIvars Peterson

Special Sessions , 304

Changing Owners in the Information IndustryModerator: Ron Dunn

Marge Hlava

Tom Hogan

Carlos Cuadra

Pat Tierney

Legislative/Regulatory UpdateRon Dunn

Dan Duncan

The Net Within: Intranets & Organizational CommunicationsGeoff McKim

Hot Topic: Information WarfareBonnie Cooper Carroll

/Reflections on Our Future

Moderator: Charles Davis

Competitive Intelligencejerry Miller

ARIST 31 - A Review of Information Science and Technology, 1996Moderator: Martha Williams

Query ExpansionEfthimis Efthimiadis ..

Natural Language ProcessingStephanie Haas

Information Resources ManagementPierette Bergeron

Feedback in Information RetrievalAmanda Spink

User Acceptance of Information TechnologyAndrew Dillon and Michael Morris

Structured Information/Standards for Document ArchitectureElisabeth Logan and Marvin Pollard

Social Informatics for Digital librariesAnn Bishop and Susan Leigh Star

xvi

Telecommunications UpdateJames Rush

Sarajevo library Reconstruction UpdateEmil Levine

Author Index 306

Subject Index 308

XVII