PROCEEDINGS OF

NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENTDEVELOPMENTS IN COMPUTING AND ITS

APPLICATIONS

I.K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.NEW DELHI • BANGALORE

PROCEEDINGS OF

NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENTDEVELOPMENTS IN COMPUTING AND

ITS APPLICATIONS

August 12-13, 2009

EditorsM. Afshar Alam

Tamanna SiddiquiK. R. Seeja

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE,JAMIA HAMDARD, NEW DELHI.

1. SUPPORTED BY :CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)

&

DIT (DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY),GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.

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Foreword

It gives me immense pleasure in writing foreword for the proceedings of the National Conferenceon Recent Developments in Computing and Its Applications (NCRDCA’09) being organizedduring August 12-13, 2009 by the Department of Computer Science Jamia Hamdard, NewDelhi. This conference is targeted towards researchers, teachers, professionals, and students toshare innovative ideas in the field of computing and its application.

I am pleased to note that faculty and researchers from various universities, colleges andresearch organizations from different parts of country and abroad are presenting their researchpapers on different aspects of computing like networking, data mining, soft computing, ICT,bioinformatics etc.

I am sure that this conference would greatly benefit researchers, teachers and studentsalike. Our teachers and researchers will find the contents of the proceedings helpful to setroadmaps for their future endeavors in their respective areas.

I wish the conference a great success.

Dr. G. N. QaziVice-ChancellorJamia Hamdard

New Delhi

Preface

The National Conference on Recent Developments in Computing and its Applications (NCRDCA)was intended to provide an annual forum for the researchers, academicians and professionalsfrom all states of India. NCRDCA 2009 held at Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi was the firstnational conference of this annual series. The major focus of the conference was the recentdevelopments in various fields of computing.

NCRDCA 2009 attracted 232 paper submissions from all over India and abroad. The selectedpapers covered a wide range of topics: genetic algorithms and soft computing; scheduling,neural networks, information retrieval, signal processing, circuits and systems, networks andmobile computing; parallel, grid and high-performance computing; information communicationtechnologies, cryptography and security and machine learning. Papers were primarily judged onoriginality, presentation, relevance and quality of work. Papers that clearly demonstrated resultswere given preference.

After peer review, the editorial board finally selected 74 papers, which are included in thisvolume. We are sure that these contributions will enrich our knowledge and motivate us towardsnew innovations.

We would like to thank our Hon’ble vice chancellor Dr. G. N. Qazi for his commendablesupport given to us towards the right path of excellence and we would like to thank ourRegistrar Mr. Naushad Alam and Mr. Vinod Kakkar, Finance Officer and other officials of theuniversity for supporting this conference. We thank our esteemed authors for having shownconfidence in us and submitted their research papers. The success of the conference wouldnot have been possible without their high quality paper submission.

We are grateful to I.K.International for their support in publishing this proceedings. Wethank the members of the advisory committee for their advice and guidance. Also, we aregrateful to CSIR and DIT for their sponsorship.

Finally, we are thankful to all who have contributed in making this conference successful.

EditorsM. Afshar Alam

Tamanna SiddiquiK.R. Seeja

Contents ix

Conference Organization

Chief PatronDr. G.N. Qazi

(Vice Chancellor, Jamia Hamdard)

PatronMr. Naushad Alam

Registrar, Jamia Hamdard

Conference ChairProf. M. Afshar Alam

Dean,FMIT, Jamia Hamdard

Advisory CommitteeProf. S.K. Wasan, JMI, New Delhi.Prof. N. Parimala, JNU, New Delhi.Prof. M.N. Doja, JMI, New Delhi.Prof. Ranjit Biswas, ITM, Gurgaon

Prof. M.N. Hoda, BVICAM, New Delhi.

Organizing SecretariesMr. Jawed Ahmed,Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.

Mr. S Imtiyaz Hassan, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.

Conference CoordinatorsMr. Mohd. Abdul Ahad, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.

Mr. Tabrez Nafis, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.Mr. Bhavya Alankar, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.

Programme CommitteeProf. M. Afshar Alam, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.

Mrs. Tamanna Siddiqui, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.Mrs. Farheen Siddiqui, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.

Ms. Parul Agarwal, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.Mrs. Sameena Naaz, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.

Mr. Ihitram Raza Khan, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.Mrs. Hazra Imran, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.

Mrs. K.R.Seeja, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.Mr. Jawed Ahmed, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.Dr. Harleen Kaur, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.

Mr. Syed Imtiyaz Hassan, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.Mrs Suraiya Parveen, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.

Ms. Shabina Ghafir, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.Mr. Bhavya Alankar, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.Mr. Safdar Tanweer, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.

Mr. Mohd. Abdul Ahad, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.Mr. Zeeshan Ahmad Abbasi, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.

Mr. Tabrez Nafis, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.

Students CommitteeKhan Mohammed Tabish, MCA III Semester, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi. Mohammad

Zeeshan, M.Sc. III Semester, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.Anika Agarwal, M.Sc.III Semester, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.Abhishek Singh, M.Sc.III Semester, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.

Choudhary Nafees Ahmed, M.C.A.V Semester, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.Saniya Ambreen, M.C.A.V Semester, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.

x Conference Organization

Contents

I. INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

1. Information Economy and E-commerce 1Mahmoud M. Fawaz, Tarek T. EL-Khteeb, Md. Tariq Intezar and Teruaki Nanseki

2. Opportunities and Challenges in E-commerce and Internet Industry in India 10Mohd. Abdul Ahad, Md. Tabrez Nafis, Anika Agarwal and Abhishek Singh

3. A Comprehensive Study on Application of Information Technology inRural Management 19Bishwarup Ghosh, Soumya Paul and Inadyuti Dutt

4. An Evaluation on Collaborative Content Development in E-learningEnvironments 26Tuli Bakshi

5. Creation of A Village Information System of Moga District in Punjab 31Using GeoinformaticsHarpinder Singh, Kewal Krishan and P.K. Litoria

6. Internet Banking in India 38Zaid Al-Baghdadi, S.A.M. Rizvi and Halima Sadia Rizvi

7. IIS an Effective Solution for Social Computing 47Akshata Sakhawalkar, Varada Inamdar and Ashwini Renavikar

II. NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES

8. Application Layer Protocols and Services 56S.A.M. Rizvi, Vineet Sharma and Syed Imtiyaz Hassan

9. Effective Methods for Dynamic Data at Web Servers UsingCommunication Network 63Ram Singh, Jitender Gothwal, Bharat Singh and Saurabh Shukla

10. Network Load Balancing Technical Overview 73Sameena Naaz, M. Afshar Alam and Ranjit Biswas

11. Simplification of Complex Boolean Task on A Grid Cows 80Vikas Dilliwar and Shrish Verma

12. Team Spirit Model Using Mpeg Standards for Video Delivery 90Neetu Singh, Piyush Chauhan, Nitin Rakesh and S.P. Gharera

xii Contents

13. Knowledge Engineering in Distributed Intelligence Based SystemsDesign Using UML 99Santosh Kumar

14. Minimally Controlled Aerial Vehicles (Uavdrones) CommunicationMethods to Improve Links 108Dhiraj Gupta, Shahida Khatoon and L.K. Das

15. New Requirements for QoS Management in Session InitiationProtocol(sip)-based Next Generation Network 116A.K. Vatsa and Shobha Vatsa

16. Semantically Enabled Ontology Based Search 126Amrit Nath Thulal and Faiyaz Ahmad

III. WIRELESS AND SENSOR NETWORKS

17. A Fusion of Non-clustered with Clustered Network Topology forPerformance Enhancement of Wireless Sensor Networks 133Aniruddha Das, M. Sarkar and K.S. Dasgupta

18. Analysis and Performance of Smart Antenna System forWireless Communication 143Ravi Kant, Sonal Gupta and D.C. Dhubkarya

19. Architectural Options and Challenges for Broadband Satellite ATM Networks 155Vikram Bali, Rajkumar Singh Rathore, Amit Sirohi and Prateek Verma

20. Channel Management in an Ieee 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network 162Ram Krishan, Sukhwinder Singh, Jagtar Singh, Sukhwinder Singh andNavneet Singh

21. Power Reduction Routing Schemes for Wireless ad hoc Network 169Divya Rastogi and Manju Singh

22. QoS Constrained Mobility Based Intelligent Multicast Routing forMobile ad hoc Networks 176P. Latha and R. Ramachandran

23. Resource Management in ATM Networks 184Ram Singh, Jitender Gothwal, Bharat Singh and Saurabh Shukla

24. Comparative Study of Scheduling Algorithms in Wimax 194Mohammed Abdul Ridha Hussain, B.V.R. Reddy and Rahul Johari

25. Vulnerability Analysis in Disaster Risk Reduction—A Sensor Net forSensing to Mitigation 203Bhoomi Gupta and Sachin Gupta

26. A Path Availability Method to Improve Quality of Service inMobile ad hoc Networks 212M.N. Doja and Mohd. Amjad

Contents xiii

27. Analysis of Counter Based Scheme Models Using Mobile ad hoc Networks 219M.L. Jabaka, M. Afshar Alam and Harleen Kaur

IV. SOFT COMPUTING

28. A Neural Network Based Artificial Vision System for LicensePlate Recognition 225M.V. Sainath Rao and K. Nagaraju

29. An Artificial Immune System for Spam Detection 237Raja Mukherjee, Seeja K.R. and M. Afshar Alam

30. How to Make Effective Games Using Artificial Intelligence: An Analysis 243Amit Gupta, Ankush Gupta and Aditya Katiyar

31. Neural Classifier for Transmission Line in Presence of TCSC 248Naresh Patnana, S.R. Mohanty and P.K. Ray

32. Off-line Signature Verification Using Feature Extraction 258Shalini Goel and Navin Rajpal

33. Character Recognition of Devanagari Script Using Neural Network 264Sagar Grover, Megha Sharma and Mukul Balodi

34. An Application of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Relation in System Troubleshooting 268Sadia Husain and M. Afshar Alam

35. Fuzzy Expert Decision Support System for Vendor Selection: ALiterature Review and Framework for Development 274N.P. Nirmal, M.N. Qureshi and A.A. Qureshi

36. Image Enhancement Technique Based on Fuzzy Set Theory 283Parul Goyal

37. Fuzzy Ontology Representation in Rdf for Semantic Information Retrieval 290Farheen Siddiqui, M. Afshar Alam and Parul Agarwal

38. Medical Diagnoses Using Genetic Algorithm 298Jasneet Singh

V. CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS

39. A New Topology to Power and Memory Optimization in LowPower VLSI Design 304Paramita Chowdhury and Amitava Das

40. Beam Robotics Evolution Enhancement and Design Implementationinto Photopopper Photovre 313Navneet Tiwari, Jatan Saraf and Mohit Agrawal

41. Development of Electronic Based Stethoscope Using at Mega 8 Microcontroller 325Taslima Ahmed and Tazeem Ahmad Khan

xiv Contents

42. New Approach for Medical Image Processing Using NextGeneration Wavelets 335Varun Singh Chauhan, Md. Sabir, Deepika Bhatnagar and R.K. Tliwari

43. Real Time Monitoing and Controlling of Hazardous Palces byUsing Virtual Agent 345Navneet Tiwari, Jatan Saraf and Mohit Agrawal

44. RFID Card Reader 358Nidhi Sindhwani Manchanda, Safdar Tanveer and Aman Dahiya

45. Wireless Heartbeat Monitor 366Sindhu Hak Gupta, Aarti Sharma and Dhruv Sogani

46. VLSI Implementation of PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)Bus Interface Controller 371Bhavya Alankar, Md. Tabrez Nafis and Safdar Tanweer

VI. SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

47. Efficient Software Cost Estimation Using Neuro-fuzzy Technique 376Ihtiram Raza Khan and M. Afshar Alam

48. Maintainability Estimation: A Key Factor to Object-Oriented Software Quality 382S.W.A. Rizvi and R.A. Khan

49. Quantitative Model for Improving the Effectiveness of SoftwareDevelopment Process Using Pair Programming 388K. Usha and N. Pooonguzhali

50. Software Reliability Assessment and Prediction Artificial NeuralNetwork and Simulation-based Approach 397R.C. Tripathi, Manohar Lal, Manish Saraswat and Hoshiyar Singh Kanyal

51. A Framework to Prioritize the Software Requirements Using QualityFunction Deployment 405Mohd. Sadiq, Shabina Ghafir and Mohd. Shahid

52. Identifying A Software Metric Suite for Object Oriented Software 412Suraiya Parveen, Abdul Ahad and Bhavya Alankar

VII. DATA MINING

53. An Efficient KCOE Mediod Algorithm for Large Databases 418Sapna Jain and M. Afshar Alam

54. Data Mining Application in Credit Card Fraud Detection 428Anirban Chakrabarty and Sonal G. Rawat

55. Building Parallel Rolap Data Cube for Shared Nothing Architecture 437Raja Mukherjee and Seeja K.R.

Contents xv

56. Implementing Data Mining Software Modules Using Rough Set Techniques 443Swati Verma and A.B. Patki

57. Fuzzy Sets in Information Retrieval and Data Mining 453Parul Agarwal, M. Afshar Alam and Farheen Siddiqui

58. Case Based Reasoning—The Role of Intelligent Agents inKnowledge Acquisition 459Divya Garg

VIII. BIOINFORMATICS

59. Multimodal Biometrics by Fusion of Finger Vein and Finger Print Images 468Arunkumar V., Malathy C. and Ashwin S.

60. Computational Advancements in Multiple Sequence AlignmentA Bioinformatics Approach to Molecular Biology 479Akanksha Gupta and Syed Imtiyaz Hassan

61. Computational Approach for Designing Specific Peptidic InhibitorsAgainst Human Prostate Specific Antigen 483Jawed Ahmed and Md Imtiyaz Hassan

IX. DATA AND NETWORK SECURITY

62. Building a Standard Template Library for SQL Injection Prevention 492Mohamed Meftah Alrayes and Seeja K.R.

63. Wireless Sensor Network Security Challenges and Possible Solutions:A Review 501Kamal Singh and Safdar Tanweer

64. Implementing Network Security Using Packet Filtering Firewall 509Aika Ibraheem Kreedy

65. Information Hiding Using Stegnography 518Sherin Zafa

66. Secure Authentication in Crypto Steganographic System 527Ram Singh, Jitender Gothwal and Bharat Singh

67. New Variant Cryptosystems Based on Jk-RSA Cryptosystems. 541Sulaiman Almuhted and M. Afshar Alam

68. Security Enhancement of Remote Method Invocation 550Rahul Katarya, Pawan Kumar Verma, Neetu Singh and Ved Prakash Bharadwaj

69. Security Issues Regarding Information Hiding Over Audio FilesUsing Steganography 557Yudhveer Singh Moudgil, Shwetav Sharad, Sameer Awasthi and Amarjeet

xvi Contents

70. Wireless Lan Security at Link Layer Challenges and Solutions 563Ram Singh, Jitender Gothwal and Bharat Singh

71. Capusles Security Based System for Active Networks 571B. Naga Malleswara Rao, M. Sundararajan and V. Khanaa

72. Home Security and Automation Through Mobiles 575S. Padmaja

73. New Approach to Cryptography Using Cubical Combinatorics 583M. Sivakumar and P. Elayaraja

74. Types of Attacks on Stream Ciphers and Their Defense 592Yasir Ahmad and Mohammad Ubaidullah Bokhari

Author Index 599

Information Economy and E-commerce:(Lessons from Japanese Experience)

Mahmoud M. Fawaz*, Tarek T.EL-Khteeb**, Md. Tariq Intezar** and Teruaki Nanseki**** Kafr El-Sheikh University, Egypt ** King Saud University, Saudi Arabia***Laboratory of Farm

Management, Division of International Agriculture Resource Economics and BusinessAdministration, Department University, Fukuoka – Japan.

drmfawaz@yahoo.com, khtkhteb@yahoo.com, mtariq@ksu.edu.sa, nanseki@agri.kyushu-u.ac.jp

ABSTRACT

In the era of globalization, E-commerce has been developing quickly and runningsuccessfully, needless to say it brings great impact on economy. E-commerce developmentin developing countries and economies in transition will have good perspectives if thegovernment, corporations and all the related people make great effort together. This paperaddresses the issue of understanding the Economic Aspects of Information Technologyand E-commerce Lessons from Japanese Experience, this research emphasizes toidentification, entity, characteristics and divisions and to figure out its profitability indeveloping countries, such as Egypt–one of the most developing countries amongst middleeast countries. This research aims also to pinpoint the measures necessary to incorporatethe E-commerce between Egypt and the others commentating countries such as Japan.We, therefore, propose a framework consisting of five components. First, concept andentity of E-commerce and its importance in marketing area, second, information andcommunication technology in developing and developed countries, third, digital dividebetween Egypt and Japan, fourth, the effect of Internet on Egyptian and Japaneseinternational trade, fifth, the effect of Internet on Egypt and Japanese agricultural trade, andlastly, the relationship between information sector and labor force and investment.

Keywords: E-Commerce, Information Technology, Competitive Advantage, (B2B), (B2C) (Pc)(IWF) and (ECM).

INTRODUCTION

E-commerce has existed for over forty years while sharing business information, conductingbusiness and maintaining relationship through telecommunication network. It is the next afterelectronic data interchange (EDI), in 1960s thanks to European industry groups they producedfirst electronic data format for purchasing, transportation and finance data. In the late 1990s, itbegan fully for electronic trading physical goods, online marketing and online service includingonline legal advice. Consequently, it is now a new business concept incorporating all previous

National Conference on Recent Developments in Computing and its Applications, NCRDCA ’09August 12-13, 2009

2 NCRDCA 2009

management and economic concept, nowadays at the pace of global economy e-commercegives benefit to all areas of business and management like marketing, accounting and financeand production & operation management, we need to identify the main barriers of e-commercefor growth and development in organizations.

IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH

The importance of this research is owing to the urgent necessity of electronic trade (EC), inparticular, due to global activity increase of such trade which reached $900 million annually.This, however, indicated the great importance of information technology and its role in economicdevelopment support under newly economic prospects. Our research deals with the analysis ofthe challenges encountered the development and improvement of ETAM and study of properpolicies to achieve the progress in this respect and the potentiality of Japanese experiments.

Statement of the Problem

The research problem confined to important question; that is how for profitability Egypt wouldgain from ET, although it regarded as a user rather than producer of information technology.In addition, nowadays, the assessment of ET amount encountered a practical difficulties; thisattributable to the absence of local or international system or rules could control such trade.

Furthermore, the formal statistical institutions could not monitor the precise or actual amountof ET and the scientific studies and literatures pertaining such trade regarded very few eitherat local or international scale.

It can be said, that the agricultural marketing via ET in Egypt still limited although thereare a continuous increase in number of agricultural ET sites in Egypt.

Research Objectives

Determination, of the direct positive impacts of ET on the national income, by supporting andboosting the external trade and percentage of the inflation and assessment of the indirect positiveimpacts ET on national economy throughout the open door policy broad connection with thewhole world and boosting the competitive capability of Egyptian agricultural products.

This research relied on number of Qualitative and quantitative methodologies to display thegap between Egypt and the other countries, particularly Japan.. Some data were collected fromvarious local and international sources.

MAIN RESULTS

Information and Communication Technology in Developing and Developed Countries

1-Internet activity worldwide

As given equation illustrates the Internet hosts in the world during period 1981-2006. Theglobal number of Internet host has increased. The size of online activities worldwide hasincreased tenfold in seven-year and has doubled in the last three years. As total number becamelarger, growth percentages decreased. There appeared to be a new acceleration in 1999 but it

NCRDCA 2009 3

wasn’t confirmed in 2001 and 2002. We see that the Internet continues to have strong growth.But no coherent trend can be defined and, therefore, no reliable projection or forecasts can bemade. It seems likely, that total house count will exceed 500 million in 2007.

The following equation describes that there is a significant increase of the Internet hostcount from 1981-2006 according to the worldwide Internet domain survey. By added thefactor of time to the previous equation, the results of analysis statistics was as the followingwith the increasing number about 635 thousand persons annually.

Log yt = 5.465+0.635 log xtF = (23.009)***

R = 0.97 R2 = 0.95 F = 489.961***

Where: Yt= Internet host count according to the world Internet domain survey.Xt= time (1, 2, 3…)The source: calculated from Table (1).The Internet is only one aspect of technology. Businesses require information and supporting

systems to handle the data – over time these systems have become computerized (IT).

2-Internet usage statistics by world region

Table (1) illustrates the Internet usage by world region 2006. As shown from the table, thehighest percentage of Internet was achieved by Asia which recorded 36.5%, while Europeoccupied the second rank with 28.5%, Northern America 21.8% and Africa, Middle East, andOceania occupied the rest ranks 1.3%, 1.79% and 1.79% respectively.

Table 1: Internet usage statistics by world region in 2006

Region Population Pop.% in Internet Penetration% %users in2006 the world latest data population world

Africa 915.210.928 14.1% 23.644.000 2.6% 2.3%NorthernAmerica 331.473.276 5.1% 227.470.713 68.6% 21.8%Asia 3.667.774.066 56.4% 380.400.713 10.4% 36.5%Europe Union 462.371.237 7.1% 230.396.996 49.8% 22.5%EU candidatecountries 110.206.019 1.7% 19.055.671 17.3% 1.9%Rest of Europe 234.711.764 3.6% 42.148.231 18.0% 4.1%Total Europe 807.289.020 12.4% 291.600.898 36.1% 28.5%Middle East 190.084.161 2.9% 18.203.500 9.6% 1.79%Oceania 33.956.977 0.5% 17.872.707 52.6% 1.79World Total 6.499.697.060 100% 1.043.107.888 16% 1000

Source: World internet usage and population statistics. 2006.

Table (2) illustrates the Internet hosts by region during period 2000-2008, the highestgrowth percentage of Internet hosts was achieved by Asia which recorded 41.2%, while Europeoccupied the second rank with 24.6%, North America, Africa Latin America, Middle East andAustralia occupied the rest ranks of growth with percents 1.57 %,10.9 %,3.4%, 2.9% and1.3%respectively.

4 NCRDCA 2009

Table 2: Average internet usage statistics by world region, 2000-2008

World Population Population Internet User Growth Penetration UsersRegions (2008) % of world usage latest 2000-2008% (% % of

data Population) world

Africa 975,330,899 14,535 54,171,500 1,100.0 % 5.6 % 3.4 %Asia 3,780,819,792 56.340 657,170,816 474.9 % 17.4 % 41.2 %Europe 803,903,540 11.980 393,373,398 274.3 % 48.9 % 24.6 %Middle East 196,767,614 2,932 45,861,346 1,296.2 % 23.3 % 2.9 %NorthAmerica 337,572,949 5.031 251,290,489 132.5 % 74.4 % 15.7 %Latin America/Caribbean 581,249,892 8.662 173,619,140 860.9 % 29.9 % 10.9 %Australia 34,384,384 0.512 20,783,419 172.7 % 60.4 % 1.3 %Total world 6,710,029,070 100 1,596,270,108 342.2 % 23.8 % 100.0 %

Source: World Internet usage and population statistics

3-Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) play a key role transforming of economicstructures. The preceded studies confirmed that the economical impacts of Information andCommunication Technology occurred on micro, and micro-economics levels. On themacroeconomics level, the studies mentioned that the rapid progress in (ICT) will lead toincrease in international trade cause minimization cost, advertising information exchangeexhibitions, information availability in real time, more accessibility to the international market.And on microeconomic level, the studies confirmed that the (ICT) will help small business toaccess to international market, optimizing the resource allocation and reducing transaction cost.

Examining the e-commerce important question is what impact (ICT) and Internet have onthe productivity growth. It reduces transaction costs, allocates recourses better, increaseseconomies of scale, improves the competitiveness of business in general, increase efficiencygenerates important changes in the management and production processes of business.

Table (3) shows the average growth rate of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)in the world during the period 2003-2006, the highest growth percentage (ICT) was a achieved byUSA which recorded 3.33 percent, while East Europe second rank with 3.3 percent, Japan thererank with 2.35 percent. While world and Rest of the world equal 4.6 and 8.63 percent.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) play a key role transforming of economicstructures. The preceded studies confirmed that the economical impacts of growth. It reducestransaction costs, allocates recourses better, increases economies of scale, improves thecompetitiveness of business in general, increase efficiency generates important changes in themanagement and production processes of business.

Table 3: Growth rate of information and communication technology (ICT) in the world (2003-2006) growth%

Region 2003 2004 2005 2006 Average

World 1.4 4.3 6 6.7 4.6East Europe 0.8 3.1 4.4 4.9 3.3USA 0.0 2.9 5 5.4 3.33Japan -0.8 2.2 3.8 4.2 2.35Rest of the world 4.8 8.3 10.1 11.3 8.63

Source: European Information Technology observatory (Eliot) 2006.

NCRDCA 2009 5

4. Total Revenue resulting from E-commerce

Table (4) illustrates the total revenue resulting from electronic commerce in the world duringperiod 1996-2004/As shown from the table, the global number of e-commerce increased, from2.9 milliard dollars in 1996 to 377 milliard dollars in 2000 and 2991 milliards dollars in 2004.

Table 4: Total revenue resulting from electronic commerce in the world, 1996-2004

Year TR (Millar dollars)

1996 2.9

1998 74

2000 377

2002 1234

2004 2991

Source: http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats3.htm

Firms that do business on the Internet generally fall into two categories, B-to-B and B-to-C means that the commerce conducted between companies rather than between companiesand individuals or consumers. B-to-C refers to commerce conducted between companies andindividuals or consumers.

Table (5) represents the Electronic commerce by type Business to Business and Businessto Consumer by region during the period 1998-2004, data showed that the global of (B to B)to increases with growth percentage reached by 257.9% annually. The average of (B to B)reached 598.5 Millar dollars. While (B to C) the reached 58.75 Millar dollars and growthpercentage reaches by 169.1% annually and the average B to B/ reached 88.75% respectively.

Table 5: Electronic commerce by type (BTOB) from 1998 to 2004 (Millar dollars)

E- commerce 1998 2000 2002 2004 Average Growth%B To B 43 251 843 1300 58.5 257.9

B to C 8 33 76 125 58.75 169.1

Total 51 284 919 1425 669.75 245.2

% B to B/total 84 88 92 91 88.75

Source: http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats3.htm

5. Digital divide (Technology gap) between Egypt and Japan

A. Africa internet usage:

Table (6) illustrates the Africa Internet usage and penetration compared with the rest of theworld in 2008. The Africa has about 51 million users for the international information net. Thepercent of Internet user with represent as the indirect indicator for e-commerce in Africa isabout 3.5% only but this percent in rest of the world 96.5% the population in Africa about14.3% in the world.

6 NCRDCA 2009

Table 6: Africa Internet usage and population compared with the rest of the world in 2008.

Africa Population Pop% Internet users, Penetration %Region (2008 Est.) In world latest Data % Population users

In world

Total of Africa 955,206,348 14.3 % 51,065,630 5.3 % 3.5 %Rest of world 5,720,913,940 85.7 % 1,412,566,731 24.7 % 96.5 %World Total 6,676,120,288 100% 1,463,632,361 21.9 % 100%

Source: http://www.iterasi.net/openviewer.aspx?sqrlitid=noh-p8xxu0yhgk3yehippa

B. Asia internet usage

Table (7) illustrates the Asia Internet usage and population compared with the rest of the worldin 2008. The Asia has 657.1 million users for the international information net. The percent ofInternet user with represent as the indirect indicator for e-commerce in Asia is about 41.2%but this percent in rest of the world about 58.8%.

Table 7: Asia Internet usage and population compared with the rest of the world in 2008.

Africa Population Pop% Internet users, Penetration %Region (2008 Est.) of world latest Data % Population users

of world

Asia Region 3,780,819,792 56.3 % 657,170,816 17.4 % 41.2 %Rest of world 2,929,209,278 43.7 % 939,099,292 32.1 % 58.8 %World Total 6,710,029,070 100% 1,596,270,108 23.8 % 100%

Source: http://www.iterasi.net/openviewer.aspx?sqrlitid=noh-p8xxu0yhgk3yehippa

C. Egypt internet usage

Table (8) illustrates the Egypt Internet usage and population compared with the rest of theAfrica in 2008. The Egypt has 8.62 million users for the international information net. ThePercent of internet user with represent as the indirect indicator for – commerce in Egypt isabout 16.9%. But this percent in rest of Africa 83.1%. Some studies mentioned that may beEgypt become the biggest African countries for the number of internet users even more thansouth Africa, which is the highest percent in Africa.

Table 8: Egypt Internet usage and population compared with the rest of Africa in 2008

Region Population Internet users Internet users Penetration % users(2008 Est.) Year 2000 Latest data % pop. in Africa

Egypt 81,713,514 450,000 8,620,000 10,5% 16,9%Rest of Africa 873,492,830 4,064,400 42,445,630 —— 83,1%Total Africa 955,206,348 4,514,400 51,065,630 5,3% 100%

Source1: http://www.iterasi.net/openviewer.aspx?sqrlitid=noh-p8xxu0yhgk3yehippa

D. Japan internet usage

Table (9) illustrates the Japan Internet usage and population compared with the rest Asia in2008. The Japan has 86.3 million users for the international information net. The percent of

Recent Developments in Computing andIts Applications

Publisher : IK International ISBN : 9789380026787 Author : M. Afshar Alam,Tamanna Siddiqui

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