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Proceedings

GraphicsInterface 20059-11 May 2005 Victoria, British Columbia Canadian Human-Computer Communications Society

61

Proceedings

GraphicsInterface 2005

Kori Inkpen and Michiel van de PanneProgram Co-Chairs

www.graphicsinterface.org

Victoria, British Columbia9–11 May 2005

Copyright c© 2005 by the Canadian Information Processing Society

All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in anyform, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retreivalsystem, without written permission from the copyright owner.

Papers are reproduced here from electronic files prepared by the authors.

ISSN 0713-5424ISBN 1-56881-265-5

Proceedings Graphics Interface 2005, Kori Inkpen and Michiel van de Panne (Program Co-Chairs), Victoria, BritishColumbia, 9–11 May 2005. Published by the Canadian Human-Computer Communications Society and A K PetersLtd.

Graphics Interface is sponsored by:The Canadian Human-Computer Communications Society (CHCCS)

Membership Information for CHCCS is available from:Canadian Information Processing Society (CIPS)2800 Skymark Avenue, Suite 402Mississauga, Ontario L4W 5A6CanadaTelephone: (905) 602-1370Fax: (905) 602-7884Web: http://www.cips.ca/

Additional copies of the proceedings are available from:A K Peters Ltd.888 Worcester Street, Suite 230Wellesley, MA 02482Web: http://www.akpeters.com/

Published by the Canadian Human-Computer Communications Society and A K Peters Ltd.Distributed by A K Peters Ltd.Printed in Canada by Graphics Services at the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario.

Cover CreditsWireframes: Craig Kaplan (177). Computer Program: Craig Kaplan (177). Colour images: Left to right

(starting on back left): Tom Haber, Tom Mertens, Philippe Bekaert, and Frank Van Reeth (79); Maxime Collomb,Mountaz Hascoet, Patrick Baudisch, and Brian Lee (25); Florence Bertails, Clement Menier, and Marie-Paule Cani(71); Tran-Quan Luong, Ankush Seth, Allison Klein, and Jason Lawrence (233); Manfred Ernst, TomasAkenine-Moller, and Henrik Wann Jensen (87); Michael Ashmore, Andrew T. Duchowski, and Garth Shoemaker(203); Martin Hachet, Joachim Pouderoux, Pascal Guitton, and Jean-Christophe Gonzato (9); David Mould (219).Top to bottom on front: Luv Kohli and Mary Whitton (1); Ari Shapiro, Petros Faloutsos, and Victor Ng-Thow-Hing(61); Le-Jeng Shiue and Jorg Peters (153); then, below joint: Steve Zelinka, Hui Fang, Michael Garland, and John C.Hart (227). Design: Christine Goucher and Abby Van Dongen.

Preface

Kori InkpenEDGE Lab

Faculty of Computer Science

Dalhousie University

Michiel van de PanneIMAGER Lab

Department of Computer Science

The University of British Columbia

Welcome to Graphics Interface 2005. This annual conference, now in its 31st year, is devoted to computer graphics,interactive systems, and human-computer interaction. Beginning in 1969 as the “Canadian Man-Computer Communi-cations Seminar” (CMCCS), it is the oldest regularly-scheduled computer graphics and human-computer interactionconference. This year, Graphics Interface was held May 9–11, 2005 in Victoria, British Columbia.

A total of 104 submissions were received, up 20% from 2004, of which 30 papers were accepted. The final programis well balanced between HCI and computer graphics, with both tracks seeing similar acceptance rates: 14/51 for theHCI track, and 16/53 for the graphics track.

The program committee consisted of 20 international experts, 18 of which attended the program committee meet-ing held in mid February at UBC. The great majority of papers recieved 5 reviews, two of which were from programcommittee members, and 3 from external reviewers. The reviewing process was double-blind, with the exception ofthe primary reviewers, who knew the identity of the authors in order to be able to select conflict-free external review-ers. We thank the program committee for their expertise and time in selecting a very high quality set of papers for thisyear’s conference. We also thank the many external reviewers for their help in this endaevor.

There are also many others whose efforts were indispensable in making Graphics Interface happen. MichaelMcCool, together with Graphics Services at the University of Waterloo, consistently does an amazing job at producingthe proceedings each year and this year is no exception. The conference would also simply not happen each yearwere it not for the efforts of Kelly Booth, who orchestrated many important details behind the scenes and acted aliason between the AI, GI, and CRV trio of conferences. We thank Fred Peet, the treasurer of the Canadian Human-Computer Communication Society, for looking after all financial issues related to the conference. The electronicsubmission system and the online conference registration system was provided by Precision Conference Systems andwe thank James Stewart for his prompt support whenever it was needed. Joseph MacInnes of Saint Mary’s kindlyvolunteered as this year’s posters chair. Karyn Moffatt was the student volunteer coordinator, yet another importantrole in making the conference run smoothly. Lastly, we thank this year’s local organizers for their efforts. This listincludes Margaret-Anne Storey, Davor Cubranic, Paul Lalonde, Alex Thomo, and Bill Wadge.

We would also like to extend our appreciation to this year’s invited speakers, all of whom are outstanding leaders intheir respective fields: Holly Rushmeier, Yale University; Bill Buxton, Buxton Design; and Ramesh Raskar, MitsubishiElectric Research Labs. Their presentations provide unique insights that will help spark ideas to advance the fields ofcomputer graphics and human-computer interaction during the coming years. We are also pleased to announce thatDr. Ronald M. Baecker has received the 2005 CHCCS Achievement Award for his significant research contributionsin computer graphics and human-computer interaction over the past 40 years.

For further information about the conference series we invite you to visit the web site:

http://www.graphicsinterface.org/

Organization

Conference and Program ChairsKori Inkpen, HCI Co-chair, Dalhousie UniversityMichiel van de Panne, Graphics Co-chair, The University of British Columbia

Local OrganizersPaul Lalonde, Electronic ArtsDavor Cubranic, University of British ColumbiaMargaret-Anne Storey, University of VictoriaAlex Thomo, University of VictoriaBill Wadge, University of Victoria

Posters and Demos ChairJoseph MacInnes, Saint Mary’s University

Intersociety Liason and AdvisorKellogg Booth, University of British Columbia

Student Volunteer OrganizerKaryn Moffatt, University of British Columbia

Online ServicesJames Stewart, Precision Conference Systems and Queen’s University

Proceedings EditorMichael McCool, University of Waterloo

Program CommitteeManeesh Agrawala, Microsoft ResearchKavita Bala, Cornell UnivesrityPatrick Baudisch, Microsoft ResearchJames “Bo” Begole, PARCRobert Bridson, The University of British ColumbiaSheelagh Carpendale, University of CalgaryMario Costa Sousa, University of CalgarySteven Drucker, Microsoft ResearchPetros Faloutsos, University of California Los AngelesXavier Granier, INRIA FutursBaining Guo, Microsoft Research AsiaLars Erik Holmquist, Viktoria InstituteScott Klemmer, Stanford UniversityHendrik Lensch, MPI and Stanford UniversityRegan Mandryk, Simon Fraser UniversityStephen Mann, University of WaterlooKathy Ryall, Mitsubishi Electric Research LabsAlla Sheffer, The University of British ColumbiaKaran Singh, University of TorontoMaureen Stone, StoneSoup Consulting

CHCCS TreasurerFred G. Peet, Canadian Forest Service

Reviewers

Shalini AggarwalErgun Akleman

Pierre AlliezKen Anjyo

Thomas AnnenGeorg ApitzAdam Arbree

Michael AshikhminNorman Badler

Brian BaileyRavin BalakrishnanGladimir BaranoskiFrancesca Barrientos

Richard BartelsLyn Bartram

Thomas BaudelBill Baxter

Philippe BekaertBedrich Benes

Kiran BhatXuehai Bian

Mark BillinghurstGary Bishop

Kellogg BoothStephen Brewster

David BroganDavid John Burrowes

Xiang CaoYong Cao

Stephen ChenneyChakra Chennubhotla

Ed ChiBill Chiu

Per H. ChristensenYiorgos Chrysanthou

Jonathan CohenMichael Cohen

Daniel Cohen-OrAlex Colburn

Patrick ColemanJohn Collomosse

Matt ConwayGreg CoombeLorrie Cranor

Carolina Cruz-NeiraAndrew CsingerDavor Cubranic

Carsten DachsbacherRichard Davis

Sriram DayanandDoug DeCarlo

Laurent DenoueRachna DhamijaFabian Di Fiore

John DillQuynh Dinh

Jean-Michel DischlerGeorge DrettakisDoug Dunham

Jeff DyckXavier DecoretRichard Egli

Daniel Fallman

Hui FangSteven FeinerLeah FindlaterBrian Fisher

Kenneth FishkinJames Fogarty

Clifton ForlinesCharless Fowlkes

James FrankelKrzysztof GajosMichael Garland

Lalya GayeSimon Gibson

Andrew GlassnerMichael GoeseleDan GoldmanCraig GotsmanStephane GrabliEitan Grinspun

Eran GuendelmanYves Guiard

Pascal GuittonCarl GutwinEben Haber

Martin HachetMaria Hakansson

Jim HananMark HancockSimon Harper

John HartBjorn HartmannMountaz Hascoet

Alejo HausnerKirstie HawkeyTim Hawkins

Christopher HealeyAaron Hertzmann

Ken HinckleyTobias HollererElaine HuangScott Hudson

Dugald HutchingsTakeo Igarashi

Victoria InterranteTali Ironi

Geoffrey IrvingTobias Isenberg

Mattias JacobssonDoug James

Robin JeffriesHenrik Wann Jensen

David JohnsonDan Julius

Marcelo KallmannEser KandoganSing Bing Kang

Zachi KarniJan Kautz

Melanie KellarNicky Kern

Drew KesslerDongmin Kim

Jiwon Kim

Fred KimberleyArthur KirkpatrickPer-Ola Kristensson

Lucas KovarHendrik KueckVivek KwatraJoe LaViola

Jason LawrenceBrian LeeJehee Lee

Sylvain LefebvreBruno LevyWilmot LiYanxi Liu

Yingbin LiuSara LjungbladCeline LoscosJoe MacInnes

Karon MacLeanJennifer MankoffSteve MarschnerIgnacio Martin

Wojciech MatusikMichael McGuffin

Barb MeierTom MertensJan Meseth

Jessica MillerTorsten Moeller

Matthias Moeller-FischerMeredith MorrisJack Muramatsu

Michael NeffPetra NeumannMark Newman

Victor Ng-Thow-HingMarc NienhausJames O’Brien

Dan OdellMattiasOstergrenMiguel OtaduyLeysia PalenRick Parent

J. Karen ParkerDomingo Martin Perandres

Ken PerlinJorg Peters

Doantam PhanJeffrey Pierce

Frederic PighinBarry Po

Helmut PottmannThorsten PranteSimon Premoze

Przemek PrusinkiewiczSaty Raghavachary

Ramesh RaskarMadhu Reddy

Tim ReganDerek Reilly

Lionel ReveretDaniel RobbinsAlyn Rockwood

Faramarz SamavatiJohan SannebladLuis SarmentaMirko Sattler

Christophe SchlickAlbrecht Schmidt

Pradeep SenHovav Shacham

Ariel ShamirAri ShapiroChia Shen

Michael ShilmanGarth Shoemaker

Tobias SkogKenneth SloanGreg SlabaughIan E. SmithBrian Smits

Henry SowizralMarc Stamminger

Josh SteinhurstJames Stewart

Thomas StrothotteWolfgang Stuerzlinger

Vitaly SurazhskyColin Swindells

Desney TanPeter Tandler

Charlotte TangGabriel Taubin

Daniel ThalmannMelanie Tory

Joe TullioMatt Uyttendaele

Kristof Van LaerhovenRoel VertegaalOleg VeryovkaLuis von Ahn

Ingo WaldBruce WalterAlice WangLifeng WangGreg Ward

Chris WeigleAndreas WengerMikael Wiberg

Alexander WilkieAndy Wilson

Michael WimmerTerry Winograd

Ian WittenAlbert WongPeter WonkaChris WymanBrian WyvillGeoff Wyvill

Nicole YankelovichSteve Zelinka

Polle ZellwegerShengdong Zhao

Larry ZitnickVictor Zordan

Torre Zuk

2005 CHCCS Achievement AwardRonald M. Baecker

Ronald Baecker has played a pioneering role in almostevery aspect of the community that comprises the Cana-dian Human-Computer Communications Society. He isinternationally recognized for his insights on the impor-tance of interactivity and careful attention to user-centreddesign. Often he has seen emerging issues well ahead ofothers and provided leadership by initiating research ac-tivity in new areas that have set the agenda for those whofollowed. The many accomplishments for which he is re-ceiving the CHCCS Achievement Award include: estab-lishing with his colleagues at the University of Toronto theDynamic Graphics Project as the first (and many wouldsay the foremost) Canadian university research group fo-cused on computer graphics and human-computer inter-action; producing in 1981 one of the first and perhapsthe most famous animated algorithm visualizations, thecomputer-generated film Sorting Out Sorting; co-chairingand naming Graphics Interface ’82, the event that trans-formed the former CMCCS conference to an annual con-ference with a wider constituency than just interactivecomputer graphics; co-founding in 1989 the CAVECATresearch project and in 1992 the Ontario TelepresenceProject, which were testbeds for many ideas that arenow common practice in computer-supported cooperativework; and organizing the Network for Effective Collab-oration Technologies through Advanced Research, a newCanadian research network.

The opportunities created by these initiatives, and Dr.Baecker’s vision of interactive technology as a key en-abler, have been instrumental in establishing and main-taining Canada’s position as a world leader in the fields ofcomputer graphics, visualization, human-computer inter-action, and computer-supported cooperative work. Theseand similar initiatives spanning more than four decadeshave provided inspiration for students, colleagues, and theinternational research community.

Dr. Baecker is Bell University Laboratories Professorof Human-Computer Interaction, Professor of ComputerScience, and founder and Chief Scientist of the Knowl-edge Media Design Institute at the University of Toronto.He holds cross appointments in the Department of Elec-trical and Computer Engineering and the Faculty of Man-

Photograph by Louis Fabian Bachrach.

agement. He received his B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. degreesfrom M.I.T. His Ph.D. topic led to the first comprehen-sive conceptual framework for computer animation andthe first significant interactive computer animation sys-tem. Dr. Baecker joined the University of Toronto in 1972after working at the National Institutes for Health in theUnited States.

A partial list of his many research contributions in-cludes the Genesys picture-driven animation system de-scribed in his doctoral dissertation (1969), the Shazam in-teractive animation system developed with researchers atXerox PARC, the Newswhole interactive newspaper lay-out system designed with David Tilbrook (1976), a multi-window interactive graphical debugger developed with

Sheila Crossey (1977), the See source code visualizationproject with Aaron Marcus (1983), the VANNA video an-notation tools with Beverly Harrison (1992), research oncollaborative writing with Ilona Posner and Alex Mitchellin the early 90s, the MAD movie authoring system forchildren with Alan Rosenthal, Eric Smith, and Ilona Pos-ner in the mid-90s, and the ePresence open source inter-active webcasting and archiving system with Peter Wolf,Gale Moore, and Kelly Rankin in the beginning years ofthis millenium.

Baecker is an active researcher, lecturer, and consul-tant on human-computer interaction and user interfacedesign, user support, software visualization, multimedia,computer-supported cooperative work and learning, theInternet, entrepreneurship and strategic planning in thesoftware industry, and the role of information technologyin business. He has published over 100 papers and articleson topics in these areas, and is the author or co-author oftwo published videotapes and four books including threeedited collections of readings in human-computer inter-action and computer-supported cooperative work. He isco-holder of two patents and one patent pending.

Baecker was the founder, CEO, and Chairman of HCRCorporation, a Toronto-based UNIX contract R&D andtechnology development and marketing firm, sold in 1990to the Santa Cruz Operation. He was also the founder ofExpresto Software Corp, a firm specializing in structuredvisual communication explaining software and other com-plex technology. Expresto Software was sold in 2002 toCaseware International. He has been recognized by ACMSIGGRAPH as a “Graphics Pioneer” for his contributionsto interactive computer graphics and he has been inductedinto the ACM SIGCHI Academy for his contributions tothe field of human-computer interaction.

Table of Contents

Two Hands are Better than OneThe Haptic Hand: Providing User Interface Feedback with the Non-Dominant Hand in Virtual Environments ---- 1

Luv Kohli and Mary WhittonTangiMap — A Tangible Interface for Visualization of Large Documents on Handheld Computers ............................9

Martin Hachet, Joachim Pouderoux, Pascal Guitton, and Jean-Christophe GonzatoWhen It Gets More Difficult, Use Both Hands — Exploring Bimanual Curve Manipulation ..................................... 17

Russell Owen, Gordon Kurtenbach, George Fitzmaurice, Thomas Baudel, and Bill Buxton

Interacting with Walls and TablesImproving Drag-and-Drop on Wall-Size Displays ............................. ...............................................................................25

Maxime Collomb, Mountaz Hascoet, Patrick Baudisch, and Brian LeeTractorBeam: Seamless Integration of Local and Remote Pointing for Tabletop Displays ..........................................33

J. Karen Parker, Regan L. Mandryk, and Kori M. InkpenExploring Non-Speech Auditory Feedback at an Interactive Multi-User Tabletop ....................................................... 41

Mark S. Hancock, Chia Shen, Clifton Forlines, and Kathy Ryall

AnimationControllable Real-Time Locomotion Using Mobility Maps ........ ...................................................................................... 51

Madhusudhanan Srinivasan, Ronald A. Metoyer, and Eric N. MortensenDynamic Animation and Control Environment ....................................................................................................................61

Ari Shapiro, Petros Faloutsos, and Victor Ng-Thow-Hing

RenderingA Practical Self-Shadowing Algorithm for Interactive Hair Animation ...........................................................................71

Florence Bertails, Clément Ménier, and Marie-Paule CaniA Computational Approach to Simulate Subsurface Light Diffusion in Arbitrarily Shaped Objects ..........................79

Tom Haber, Tom Mertens, Philippe Bekaert, and Frank Van ReethInteractive Rendering of Caustics using Interpolated Warped Volumes ...........................................................................87

Manfred Ernst, Tomas Akenine-Môller, and Henrik Warm JensenReordering for Cache Conscious Photon Mapping ............................................................................................................97

Joshua Steinhurst, Greg Coombe, and Anseimo Lastra

ShadowsSoft Shadows from Extended Light Sources with Penumbra Deep Shadow Maps ....................................................... 105

Jean-François St-Amour, Eric Paquette, and Pierre PoulinAutomatic Generation of Consistent Shadows for Augmented Reality ...........................................................................113

Katrien Jacobs, Cameron Angus, Celine Loscos, Jean-Daniel Nahmias, Alex Reche, and Anthony Steed

Sensing InteractionAn Empirical Investigation of Capture and Access for Software Requirements Activities ......................................... 121

Heather Richter, Chris Miller, Gregory D. Abowd, and Idris Hsi Case Studies in the Use of ROC Curve Analysis for Sensor-Based Estimates in Human Computer Interaction .. 129

James Fogarty, Ryan S. Baker, and Scott E. Hudson

Privacy and Security AwarenessGathering Evidence: Use of Visual Security Cues in Web Browsers ............................................................................. 137

Tara Whalen and Kori M. InkpenUsing Relationship to Control Disclosure in Awareness Servers ................................................................................... 145

Scott Davis and Carl Gutwin

Geometric ModelingA Pattern-Based Data Structure for Manipulating Meshes with Regular Regions ......................................................153

Le-Jeng Shiue and Jorg PetersExtraction and Remeshing of Ellipsoidal Representations from Mesh Data ..................................................................161

Patricio D. Simari and Karan SinghDistance Extrema for Spline Models Using Tangent Cones .............................................................................................169

David E. Johnson and Elaine CohenIslamic Star Patterns from Polygons in Contact ................................................................................................................177

Craig S. Kaplan

Hand/Eye InteractionEvaluation of an On-line Adaptive Gesture Interface with Command Prediction ........................................................187

Xiang Cao and Ravin BalakrishnanMoving Objects with 2D Input Devices in CAD Systems and Desktop Virtual Environments ....................................195

Ji-Young Oh and Wolfgang StuerzlingerEfficient Eye Pointing with a Fisheye Lens ..........................................................................................................................203

Michael Ashmore, Andrew T. Duchowski, and Garth ShoemakerUsing Social Geometry to Manage Interruptions and Co-Worker Attention in Office Environments ......................211

Maria Danninger, Roel Vertegaal, Daniel P. Siewiorek, and Aadil Mamuji

Image-Based Editing and Image-Based AnimationImage-Guided Fracture ............................................................................................................................... ........................... 219

David MouldInteractive Material Replacement in Photographs ............................................................................................................ 227

Steve Zelinka, Hui Fang, Michael Garland, and John C. HartIsoluminant Color Picking for Non-Photorealistic Rendering ........................................................................................ 233

Tran-Quan Luong, Ankush Seth, Allison Klein, and Jason LawrenceInteractive Vector Fields for Painterly Rendering ..............................................................................................................241

Sven C. Olsen, Bruce A. Maxwell, and Bruce Gooch

InvitedForty Years of Human-Computer Interaction and Knowledge Media Design: Twelve Challenges to Meet in Fewerthan the Next Forty Years ....................................................................................................................................................... 249

Ronald M. Baecker

V lll

Author Index

Abowd, Gregory D ...................................121Akenine-Moller, T om as...........................87Angus, Cam eron.....................................113Ashmore, Michael ................................. 203Baecker, Ronald M.................................. 249Baker, Ryan S........................................... 129Balakrishnan, R av in ...............................187Baudel, Thom as........................................ 17Baudisch, Patrick .....................................25Bekaert, Philippe...................................... 79Bertails, Florence ................................... 71Buxton, Bill ............................................... 17Cani, M arie-Paule.................................... 71Cao, X ia n g ...............................................187Collomb, M axim e.................................... 25Cohen, Elaine ......................................... 169Coombe, G r e g .......................................... 97Danninger, Maria ...................................211Davis, Scott .............................................145Duchowski, Andrew T. .........................203Ernst, M anfred.......................................... 87Faloutsos, P etros...................................... 61Fang, Hui ................................................ 227Fitzmaurice, G eorge.................................17Fogarty, Jam es........................................ 129Forlines, Clifton .......................................41Garland, Michael ...................................227Gonzato, Jean-Christophe.........................9Gooch, B ru ce.......................................... 241Guitton, P ascal............................................9Gutwin, Carl ........................................... 145Haber, T o m ................................................79Hachet, M artin............................................ 9Hancock, Mark S....................................... 41Hart, John C..............................................227Hascoet, M ountaz.................................... 25Hsi, Id r is .................................................. 121Hudson, Scott E........................................129Inkpen, Kori M.................................33, 137Jacobs, Katrien .......................................113Jensen, Henrik Wann ...............................87Johnson, David E..................................... 169Kaplan, Craig S........................................ 177Klein, Allison .........................................233Kohli, L u v .................................................... 1Kurtenbach, G ordon.................................17

Lastra, Anselmo ....................................... 97Lawrence, Jason ..................................... 233Lee, B rian .................................................. 25Loscos, C e lin e ......................................... 113Luong, Trân-Quân ................................. 233Mamuji, A a d il.........................................211Mandryk, Regan L..................................... 33Maxwell, Bruce A ....................................241Ménier, C lém ent.......................................71Mertens, T om .............................................79Metoyer, Ronald A .....................................51Miller, C hris.............................................121Mortensen, Eric N ...................................... 51Mould, D av id .......................................... 219Nahmias, Jean-Daniel ............................113Ng-Thow-Hing, V ictor............................ 61Oh, Ji-Young ........................................... 195Olsen, Sven C........................................... 241Owen, Russell ........................................... 17Paquette, E r ic ...........................................105Parker, J. K aren.........................................33Peters, Jorg ...............................................153Pouderoux, Joachim ...................................9Poulin, P ierre...........................................105Richter, Heather ......................................121Ryall, K athy.............................................. 41Seth, A nkush ...........................................233Shapiro, Ari ...............................................61Shen, Chia .................................................41Shiue, Le-Jeng.........................................153Shoemaker, G arth...................................203Siewiorek, Daniel P . ...............................211Simari, Patricio D .....................................161Singh, Karan ........................................... 161Srinivasan, Madhusudhanan...................51St-Amour, Jean-François.......................105Steed, A nthony....................................... 113Steinhurst, Joshua.................................... 97Stuerzlinger, Wolfgang ..........................195Reche, Alex ............................................. 113Van Reeth, Frank...................................... 79Vertegaal, Roel ....................................... 211Whalen, T ara........................................... 137Whitton, M ary ............................................. 1Zelinka, Steve .........................................227