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MAJOR INCIDENTProcedure Manual
London Emergency Services Liaison Panel
Seventh EditionM
AJO
R IN
CIDEN
TP
rocedure Manual Seventh Edition
www.tso.co.uk
4583_Maj_incident_cov_v0_6.indd 1 5/6/07 14:38:10
LESLP ManualSeventh Edition – 2007
4583_MajorIncident v0_8.indd 1 11/6/07 16:34:35
Published by TSO (The Stationery Office) and available from:
Onlinewww.tsoshop.co.uk
Mail,Telephone, Fax & E-mailTSOPO Box 29, Norwich, NR3 1GNTelephone orders/General enquiries: 0870 600 5522Fax orders: 0870 600 5533E-mail: [email protected] 0870 240 3701
TSO Shops123 Kingsway, London,WC2B 6PQ020 7242 6393 Fax 020 7242 639416 Arthur Street, Belfast BT1 4GD028 9023 8451 Fax 028 9023 540171 Lothian Road, Edinburgh EH3 9AZ0870 606 5566 Fax 0870 606 5588
TSO@Blackwell and other Accredited Agents
The contents of this Manual have been drafted in accordance with the latest agreed procedures of the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO), the Chief and Assistant Chief Fire Officers Association (CACFOA), the Ambulance Service Association (ASA), London boroughs and the Home Office. Extensive consultation has also been undertaken with the military, voluntary services and emergency services of surrounding county areas.
Enquiries about this document should be made to the emergency planning department of the relevant service shown below:
Metropolitan Police ServiceCO3, Emergency Preparedness Operational Command Unit, New Scotland Yard, Broadway, London SW1H 0BG
London Ambulance Service (NHS Trust)220 Waterloo Road, London SE1 8SD
City of London PolicePO Box 36451, 182 Bishopsgate, London EC2M 4WN
British Transport PoliceCentral London Police Station, 16-24 Whitfield Street, London W1T 2RA
London Fire & Emergency Planning AuthorityOperational Planning Division, LFB Headquarters, 8 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SD
HM Coastguard, LondonThames Barrier Navigation Centre, 34 Bowater Road, Woolwich, London SE18 5TF
Port of London AuthorityBakers Hall, 7 Harp Lane, London EC3R 6LB
This Manual was first published by the Directorate of Public Affairs, Metropolitan Police Service on behalf of the London Emergency Services Liaison Panel (LESLP) in January 1993. Enquiries about further copies of this Manual should be made to the Metropolitan Police Service on 020 7230 3337 or www.leslp.gov.uk
Seventh edition
© LESLP 2007
ISBN 978-0-11-341319-5
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Metropolitan Police Service, acting on behalf of LESLP. transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Metropolitan Police Service, acting on behalf of LESLP.
4583_MajorIncident v0_8.indd 2 11/6/07 16:34:36
�
CONTENTS
1. IntroductIon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
2. Major IncIdEntS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
2.� Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
2.2 Declaration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
2.3 Stages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
3. MaIn functIonS of thE EMErgEncy SErvIcES and othEr agEncIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
3.� General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
3.2 Police . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
3.3 FireBrigade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
3.4 AmbulanceService. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �0
3.5 TheHealthAdvisoryTeam(HAT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �0
3.6 TheNationalHealthService. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �0
3.7 Localauthority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��
3.8 HMCoastguard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��
4. actIonS by fIrSt offIcErS at thE ScEnE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.� General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �2
4.2 Police . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �2
4.3 FireBrigade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �2
4.4 Ambulance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �3
4.5 MedicalIncidentOfficer(MIO). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �4
5. ScEnE ManagEMEnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
5.� Cordons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �6
5.2 Innercordon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �6
5.3 Outercordon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �7
5.4 Trafficcordon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �7
5.5 Logisticalsupport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �7
5.6 Rendezvouspoint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �8
5.7 Marshallingarea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �8
5.8 Multi-AgencyMarshallingArea(MAMA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �8
5.9 Multi-AgencyHoldingArea(MAHA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �8
5.�0 JointEmergencyServicesControlCentre. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �9
5.�� Sitingofvehicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �9
5.�2 SceneAccessControl(SAC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
6. coMMand and controL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
6.� Initialcontrol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2�
6.2 Gold,SilverandBronze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2�
6.3 Gold(strategic). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2�
6.4 Silver(tactical). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2�
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2
6.5 Bronze(operational). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2�
6.6 Inter-agencyresources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
7. goLd and SILvEr co-ordInatIng grouPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
7.� General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
7.2 Goldco-ordinatinggroup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
7.3 Silverco-ordinatinggroup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
8. coMMunIcatIonS SyStEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
8.� General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
8.2 Warning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
8.3 Terrorism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
8.4 CityofLondonPolice(COLP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
8.5 MetropolitanPoliceService(MPS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
8.6 BritishTransportPolice(BTP)........................................................28
8.7 LondonFireBrigade(LFB). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
8.8 LondonAmbulanceService(LAS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
8.9 MPSSpecialOperationsRoom(MP-SOR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
8.�0 Inter-agencycommandchannel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
8.�� Liaisonofficers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
8.�2 Localauthoritycommunications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3�
8.�3 Telecomassistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3�
8.�4 Accessoverloadcontrol(ACCOLC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3�
8.�5 RadioAmateurs’EmergencyNetwork(RAYNET) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3�
9. caSuaLty cLEarancE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
9.� Categories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
9.2 Uninjured. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
9.3 Injured. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
9.4 Deceasedandhumanremains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
9.5 Evacuees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
9.6 Restcentre. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
9.7 Survivorreceptioncentre(SRC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
9.8 Friends’andrelatives’receptioncentre. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
9.9 CentralCasualtyBureau. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
10. hELIcoPtErS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
�0.� Policehelicopters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
�0.2 Militaryhelicopters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
�0.3 HelicopterEmergencyMedicalService(HEMS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
�0.4 HMCoastguardsearchandrescuehelicopters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
�0.5 Temporaryheli-pads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
�0.6 Emergencyflyingrestrictions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4�
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11. InvEStIgatIon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
��.� Evidence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
��.2 Policeresponsibilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
12. SafEty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
�2.� Healthandsafety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
�2.2 Factoriesandotherindustrialsites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
�2.3 FireBrigade‘HAZMAT’officers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
�2.4 Railincidents–safesystemsofwork. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
�2.5 Railwayindustry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
13. LocaL authorIty aSSIStancE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
�3.� Role. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
�3.2 Notificationandimmediateresponse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
�3.3 LocalAuthorityLiaisonOfficer(LALO). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
�3.4 Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
�3.5 Recovery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
14. othEr aSSIStancE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
�4.� Voluntaryaidsocieties(VAS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
�4.2 MajorIncidentMulti-faithPlan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
�4.3 Utilitycompanies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
15. MEdIa LIaISon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
�5.� Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
�5.2 Holdingstatements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
�5.3 Liaisononscene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
�5.4 Otheragencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
�5.5 GoldandSilverco-ordinatinggroupmeetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
�5.6 Casualtyfigures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
�5.7 Jointpressoffice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
�5.8 Jointpressbriefings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
�5.9 Mediacentres. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5�
�5.�0 Pressdebrief. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5�
16. occuPIErS’ rESPonSE to an IncIdEnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
�6.2 Theinnercordon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
�6.3 Theoutercordon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
17. dEbrIEfIng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
18. WELfarE of rESPondErS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
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APPENDICES
a: chEMIcaL, bIoLogIcaL, radIoLogIcaL and nucLEar (cbrn) dEvIcES . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
A.� Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
b: IncIdEntS on raILWayS (PoLIcE IntEr-SErvIcE co-oPEratIon) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
B.� Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
c: aIrcraft IncIdEntS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
C.� Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
C.2 Specificsitehazards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
C.3 Organisationsinvolved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
C.4 Aircraftincidentcategories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6�
d: rIvEr thaMES IncIdEnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
D.� Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
D.2 Mainfunctionsoftheemergencyservicesandotheragencies..............................63
D.3 Scenemanagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
E: fLoodIng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
E.� Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
E.2 Typesofflooding..................................................................68
E.3 Floodwarnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
E.4 Rolesandresponsibilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
E.5 Planningandresponseissues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
f: MILItary aSSIStancE to a Major London IncIdEnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
F.� References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7�
F.2 Policy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7�
F.3 ThreecategoriesofMACC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7�
F.4 ThreeprinciplesguidingtheprovisionofMACC:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7�
F.5 Authoritytodeploy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7�
F.6 Reactiontoan‘immediateimpact’emergency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
F.7 Generalcapabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
F.8 Reactiontoa‘risingtide’emergency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
F.9 Costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
g: gLoSSary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
h: gLoSSary of MarInE tErMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80
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�.� TheLondonEmergencyServicesLiaisonPanel(LESLP)wasformedin�973andconsistsofrepresentativesfromtheMetropolitanPoliceService,CityofLondonPolice,BritishTransportPolice,theLondonFireBrigade,theLondonAmbulanceServiceandlocalauthorities.ThePortofLondonAuthority(PLA),MarineCoastguard,RAF,Militaryandvoluntarysectorarealsorepresented.LESLPhastheabilitytoinviterepresentativesfromotheragenciesintothegroupwhenrequired,dependentonthenatureandtypeofincident.ThegroupmeetsonceeverythreemonthsunderthechairoftheMetropolitanPoliceService,EmergencyPreparednessOperationalCommandUnit.
�.2 Theproceduresadoptedbyeachoftheemergencyservicesinresponsetoamajorincidentareunderstandablydevotedtotheroleoftheserviceconcerned.Thepurposeofthisdocumentistodescribetheagreedproceduresandarrangementsfortheeffectiveco-ordinationoftheirjointefforts.Inthiswaytheoverallresponseoftheemergencyserviceswillbegreaterthanthesumoftheirindividualefforts,tothebenefitofthepublic.
�.3 ThisManualprovidessummariesoftheresponsesandresponsibilitiesofeachoftheemergencyservicesatamajorincident,aswellasanoutlineofthesupportroleofferedbylocalauthorities.Wehopeitwillofferbetterunderstandingtotheindividualspecialistsinvolvedinworkingwitheachotherinaco-ordinatedway.
�.4 Therearemanyseriousandprotractedincidentswhichdonotmeetthecriteriaforamajorincidentbutwhichwouldnonethelesswarrantaco-ordinatedeffortfromtheservicesinvolved.Theseeventshaveimpactedontheemergencyservicesandlocalauthorities,andnecessitatedtheimplementationofspecialarrangementstomanagetheseincidents,andclearbenefitshavebeenachievedfromusingtherelevantaspectsfromthisManualandmaintainingthecontinuityoftheco-ordinatedapproachtheseproceduresprovide.
�.5 ThisManualhasbeenpreparedfortheinformationandguidanceoftheemergencyservicesandlocalauthoritiesbutmaybeusedbyanyotherresponsibleorganisationwhichmayhavetorespondtoamajorincident.ItmustberememberedthattheprocedureswithinthisManualaregenerallyrelatedtoactivitiesat,orancillaryto,thesceneoftheincident,andthathaveabearingonanumberoftheagenciesinvolved.Detaileddescriptionsofsingleservicefunctionsarenotincluded.TheManualincludesreferencestorolesandresponsibilitiesofsomenon-emergencyserviceorganisations.Thelistoforganisationsincludedisnotexhaustiveanditisrecognisedthatawiderangeoforganisationsislikelytobeinvolvedinsupportingtheresponseoftheemergencyservices.
�.6 LESLPrecognisesthateverymajorincidentisdifferentandhasitsownuniquefeatures.TheadvicecontainedwithinthisManualshouldberegardedonlyasguidance.Itisdesignedtoofferaframeworkwithinwhichthosewhoareresponsibleforthesuccessfulresolutionoftheincidentareabletoworktogetherwithmaximumefficiency.
1. Introduction
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�.7 Experiencehastaughtthattherearemanyseeminglyharmlesssetsofcircumstanceswhichcan,ifnotdealtwithspeedily,escalatetothelevelofamajorincident.Preventionisbetterthancure.No-onewillbecriticisedfortreatinganincidentasseriousinthefirstinstanceevenifeventslaterproveitnottobe.ThedefinitionsandprocedurescontainedinthisManual,dealingwithmajorincidents,applyequallytoarrangementswhichshouldbeputinplacetoensurethespeedyresolutionofseeminglyminorincidents.
�.8 ItshouldbenotedthattheproceduressetoutinthisManualwouldapplytomajorincidentsinitiatedbyterroristacts.
Introduction
1
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2.1 Definition
2.�.� Amajorincidentisanyemergencythatrequirestheimplementationofspecialarrangementsbyoneormoreoftheemergencyservicesandwillgenerallyincludetheinvolvement,eitherdirectlyorindirectly,oflargenumbersofpeople.Forexample:
therescueandtransportationofalargenumberofcasualties;
thelarge-scalecombinedresourcesofthepolice,LondonFireBrigadeandLondonAmbulanceService;
themobilisationandorganisationoftheemergencyservicesandsupportservices;forexample,localauthority,tocaterforthethreatofdeath,seriousinjuryorhomelessnesstoalargenumberofpeople;and
thehandlingofalargenumberofenquirieslikelytobegeneratedbothfromthepublicandthenewsmediausuallymadetothepolice.
Actsofterrorismincludingsuspectedinvolvementofchemical,biological,radiologicalandnucleardevicesaresubjecttoaspecificmulti-agencyresponsesupportedbyHMGovernment.ThisresponseisreinforcedbytheprinciplescontainedinthisManual(seeAppendixA).
2.2 Declaration
2.2.� Amajorincidentcanbedeclaredbyanymemberoftheemergencyserviceswhichconsidersthatanyofthecriteriaoutlinedabovehasbeensatisfied.Incertaincircumstances,suchasflooding,thelocalauthoritymaydeclareamajorincident.
2.2.2 Despitethefactthatwhatisamajorincidenttooneoftheemergencyservicesmaynotbesotoanother,eachoftheotheremergencyserviceswillattendwithanappropriatepre-determinedresponse.Thisissoeveniftheyaretobeemployedinastand-bycapacityandnotdirectlyinvolvedintheincident.
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2. Major incidents
2
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2.3 Stages
2.3.� Mostmajorincidentscanbeconsideredtohavefourstages:
theinitialresponse;
theconsolidationphase;
therecoveryphase;and
therestorationofnormality.
2.3.2 Aninvestigationintothecauseoftheincident,togetherwiththeattendanthearings,maybesuperimposedontothewholestructure.
Stages of a Major Incident
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Major incidents
Consolidation phase
Investigation
Restorationof normalityStand-by
Initial response Recovery phase
TIME
Res
po
nse
Hearings(trials, inquest,public enquiry)
2
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3.1 General
3.�.� Rescuewillmostfrequentlybetheprimefunctionrequiredoftheemergencyservices.ResponsibilityfortherescueofsurvivorslieswiththeLondonFireBrigade(LFB).ThecareandtransportationofcasualtiestohospitalistheresponsibilityoftheLondonAmbulanceService(LAS).Policewilleasetheseoperationsbyco-ordinatingtheemergencyservices,localauthoritiesandotheragencies.
3.2 Police
3.2.� Theprimaryareasofpoliceresponsibilityatamajorincidentare:
thesavingoflifetogetherwiththeotheremergencyservices;
theco-ordinationoftheemergencyservices,localauthoritiesandotherorganisationsactinginsupportatthesceneoftheincident;
tosecure,protectandpreservethesceneandtocontrolsightseersandtrafficthroughtheuseofcordons;
theinvestigationoftheincidentandobtainingandsecuringofevidenceinconjunctionwithotherinvestigativebodieswhereapplicable;
thecollectionanddistributionofcasualtyinformation;
theidentificationofthedeadonbehalfofHerMajesty’s(HM)Coroner;
thepreventionofcrime;
familyliaison;and
short-termmeasurestorestorenormalityafterallnecessaryactionshavebeentaken.
3.3 Fire Brigade
3.3.� TheprimaryareasofLFBresponsibilityatamajorincidentare:
life-savingthroughsearchandrescue;
firefightingandfireprevention;
renderinghumanitarianservices;
detection,identification,monitoringandmanagementofhazardousmaterialsandprotectingtheenvironment;
provisionofqualifiedscientificadviceinrelationtoHAZMATincidentsviatheirscientificadvisors;
salvageanddamagecontrol;
safetymanagementwithintheinnercordon;and
tomaintainemergencyservicecoverthroughouttheLFBareaandreturntoastateofnormalityattheearliesttime.
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3. Main functions of the emergency services and other agencies
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3.4 Ambulance Service
3.4.� TheprimaryareasofresponsibilityfortheLASatamajorincidentmaybesummarisedas:
tosavelifetogetherwiththeotheremergencyservices;
toprovidetreatment,stabilisationandcareofthoseinjuredatthescene;
toprovideappropriatetransport,medicalstaff,equipmentandresources;
toestablishaneffectivetriagesieveandtriagesortsystemtodeterminethepriorityevacuationneedsofthoseinjuredandtoestablishasafelocationforcasualtyclearing,i.e.triagesortarea;
toprovideafocalpointattheincidentforallNationalHealthService(NHS)andothermedicalresources;
toprovidecommunicationfacilitiesforNHSresourcesatthescene,withdirectradiolinkstohospitals,controlfacilitiesandanyotheragencyasrequired;
tonominateandalertthereceivinghospitalsfromtheofficiallistofhospitalstoreceivethoseinjuredandinformtheotheragencies;
toprovidetransporttotheincidentscenefortheMedicalIncidentOfficer(MIO),mobilemedical/surgicalteamsandtheirequipment;
toarrangethemostappropriatemeansoftransportingthoseinjuredtothereceivingandspecialisthospitals;
tomaintainemergencycoverthroughouttheLASareaandreturntoastateofnormalityattheearliesttime;and
toactasaportalintothewiderhealthservicesincludingtheHealthProtectionAgencyRegionalHealthEmergencyPlanningAdvisors,andintheeventofachemical,biological,radiologicalornuclearincidentadviseontheconveningoftheHealthAdvisoryTeam(HAT),whichwillbeabletoadviseandleadasfarashealthadviceisconcerned.
3.5 The Health Advisory Team (HAT)
3.5.� TheHATisastrategicgroupchairedbytheNHS,composedofrepresentativesfromarangeoforganisationsandspecialitieswhoareabletogiveco-ordinatedauthoritativeadviceonthehealthaspectsofanincidenttothepoliceIncidentCommander,theNHSandotheragencies.
3.5.2 HATisactivatedthroughtheHPAviaLASControl.
3.6 The National Health Service
3.6.� FortheNHSamajorincidentisdefinedasthefollowing:
whenthenumberortypeofcasualtiesoverwhelmsorthreatenstooverwhelmnormalservices,specialarrangementsareneededtodealwiththem;
whenanincidentmayposeathreattothehealthofthecommunity;and
theHealthServiceitselfmaysufferseriousinternaldisruption.
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Main functions of the emergency services and other agencies
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3.7 Local authority
3.7.� SeeChapter�3.
3.8 HM Coastguard
3.8.� See Appendix D.
Main functions of the emergency services and other agencies
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�2
4.1 General
4.�.� Itisimportanttostressthatamajorincidentshouldbeformallydeclaredassoonasanyofthecriteria(definedat2.�.�)aresatisfied.
4.2 Police
4.2.� TheprimarydutyofthefirstPoliceOfficeronsceneistoensurethatappropriateinformationispassedbacktotheircontrolroom.
4.2.2 Themnemonic‘SadchaLEtS’hasbeendevisedtohelp:
Survey –surveythesceneonapproach
assess –assessthesituationonarrival
disseminate –disseminatethefollowinginformation
casualties –casualties,approximatenumbersofdead,injuredanduninjured
hazards –hazardspresentandpotential
access –bestaccessroutesforemergencyvehicles
Location –theexactlocationoftheincident
Emergency –emergencyservicesandotheragenciespresentandrequired
type –typeofincidentandbriefdetailsofnumberofvehicles,buildings,etc.involved
Safety –allaspectsofhealthandsafetyandriskassessmentmustbeconsideredbyallstaffworkingatorclosetothescene.
4.2.3 Theofficershouldthen:
decidewhethertodeclareamajorincident;
takeinterimchargeuntilrelievedbyamoreseniorofficer;and
maintaincontactwiththeircontrolroom.
4.2.4 Thefirstofficeronscenemustnotgetpersonallyinvolvedinrescueworkinordertofulfillthefunctionslistedabove.
4.3 Fire Brigade
4.3.� Sincetheinitialcalltoanincidentmaynotcarrysufficientinformationtoidentifythecallasamajorincident,theIncidentCommanderofthefirstattendancewillassessthesituationandreport.Thismessagewillincludethephrase,‘INITIATEMAJORINCIDENTPROCEDURE’.
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4. Actions by first officers at the scene
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�3
4.3.2 TheIncidentCommanderofthefirstattendancewilltakeallnecessarymeasuresto:
assesstheeffectivenessoffirefightingorothermeasurescarriedoutbeforehis/herarrival;
identifytherisksassociatedwiththelocation,includingthosedetailsheldontheBrigade’sCentralRisksRegister;
formaplanofactiontodealwiththedevelopingsituation;
decideonappropriateadditionalresources;
takeeffectivecommandandissueinstructionstoeffecttheplanofaction;
maintainoperationalcommandofthefirefightingandrescueoperationswithintheinnercordon;
evaluatethesituationandanypotentialfordevelopment,preparingtobriefamoreseniorofficerontheincident,andthepoliceandAmbulanceServiceofficersattending;
liaisewithotheremergencyserviceincidentofficersattheearliestopportunityandprovideasafetybriefing;and
co-ordinateajointhazardassessmentbetweenrespondingagenciesandagreeappropriatelevelsofpersonalprotectiveequipmentwithintheinnercordon.
4.4 Ambulance
4.4.� ThefirstmemberofambulancestaffwillundertakethefunctionoftheAmbulanceIncidentOfficer(AIO)priortothearrivalofanLASofficer.Thesecondambulancecrewwillalsoinitiatecontrolandcommand,parkingsystemsandatriagesieve.Thefollowingproceduresshouldbeadopted:
reportarrivalonscenetoEmergencyOperationsCentre;
confirmand/ordeclareamajorincident;
liaisewithotheremergencyserviceincidentofficers;
provideEOCwithadetailedsituationreport(useCHALETorMETHANE);and
requestambulance/medicalresourcesrequiredpendingthearrivaloftheAIO.
casualties –casualties,approximatenumbersofpriority�,2and3patients,deadanduninjured
hazards –hazardspresentandpotential
access –accessroutesandsuitableprovisionalrendezvouspoints(RVPs)
Location –theexactlocationoftheincident,withmapreferencesifpossible
Emergency –emergencyservicespresentandrequiredincludinglocalauthorities;considermedicalteam(s),specialequipmentandservices,i.e.HEMS,EmergencyPlanningManager,BASICS,ECV,ESV
type –requestnumberofLASresourcesrequired.Thetypeofincidentwithbriefdetailsoftypesandnumbersofvehicles,trains,buildings,aircraft,etc.or
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Actions by first officers at the scene
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�4
Major –majorIncidentdeclared(orhospitalstostandby)
Exact –exactlocationoftheincident,withmapreferencesifpossible
type –thetypeofincidentwithbriefdetailsoftypesandnumbersofvehicles,trains,buildings,aircraft,etc.
hazard –hazards,presentandpotential
access –accessroutesandsuitableprovisionalrendezvouspoints(RVPs)
numbers –approximatenumbersofpriority�,2and3patients,deadandinjured
Emergency –emergencyservicespresentandrequiredincludinglocalauthorities.
Considermedicalteam(s),specialequipmentandservices,i.e.HEMS,EmergencyPlanningManager,BASICS,ECV,ESV.
4.4.2 VehiclesthathavebeendesignatedamanagementfunctionbythefirstcrewortheinitialAIOmustnotgetpersonallyinvolvedinrescuework.
4.4.3 TheattendantofthefirstvehicleinattendanceshouldactasAIOuntilrelievedbythenominatedSeniorAmbulanceOfficer.
4.5 Medical Incident Officer (MIO)
4.5.� Thisroleisundertakenbyaseniorclinicianwithappropriateexperienceandtraining.TheMIOisusuallytakentothescenebyanAmbulanceServicevehicle,butisnotpartofthemobilemedicalteamandshouldnotgetpersonallyinvolvedinrescuework.
4.5.2 TheMIOhasmanagerialresponsibilityforthedeploymentofmedicalandnursingstaffatthesceneandwillliaisecloselywiththeAIOtoensureeffectivemanagementofresources.
4.5.3 MobilisationofMIOsisthesoleresponsibilityoftheAmbulanceService.TheLASmaintainsanMIOPoolandwillinvariablydeploydoctorsfromthisgroupwhentheneedforanMIOandsupportbecomesapparent.
4.5.4 Allreceivinghospitalshaveplansfortheirindividualresponsetomajorincidents.EachplanprovidesforthedesignationofanMIO.TheLASwillmobiliseMIOsfromnon-receivinghospitalsifpooldoctorsareunavailable,e.g.incasesofmultiplemajorincidents.
Actions by first officers at the scene
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�5
5. Scene management
RVP
Marshalling area
JESCC
Pedestrian zone only
SCENE ACCESS CONTROLProvides focal point for support services prior to entering area.
INNER CORDONThis secures the hazard and potential crime scene. Initially it will be cleared by police and LFB of all non-essential people.
OUTER CORDONThis forms a controlled area around the inner cordon. Only vetted people have access.
TRAFFIC CORDONPrevents unauthorised vehicle access to the area.
SCENE
CORDON ACCESS POINT
Locations to be determined by wind direction where appropriate
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5.1 Cordons
5.�.� Cordonsareestablishedaroundthesceneforthefollowingreasons:
toguardthescene;
toprotectthepublic;
tocontrolsightseers;
topreventunauthorisedinterferencewiththeinvestigation;and
tofacilitatetheoperationsoftheemergencyservicesandotheragencies.
5.�.2 Itshouldbenotedthatunauthorisedaccesstothesiteofamajorincidentcouldjeopardiseboththerescueandinvestigation.AccessauthoritycanbesoughtthroughJointEmergencyServicesControlCentre(JESCC)SceneAccessControl.
5.�.3 Threecordonswillbeestablished.Thiswillbedonebythepoliceinconsultationwithotheragencies(seeDiagram5,Scenemanagement):
innercordon–providesimmediatesecurityofthehazardareaandpotentialcrimescene;
outercordon–sealsoffanextensiveareaaroundtheinnercordon;and
trafficcordon–setupatorbeyondtheoutercordontopreventunauthorisedvehicleaccesstotheareasurroundingthescene.
5.�.4 InterroristorsuspectedterroristincidentsitisacriminaloffencetocontraveneaprohibitionorrestrictionimposedundertheTerrorismAct2000.Thisincludesthecrossingofapolicecordon.
5.�.5 Forallknownorsuspectedterroristincidentsallpersonnelshouldbeawareofthepossibilityofsecondarydevices.Policewillberesponsibleforcheckingrendezvouspoints(RVPs),marshallingareas,JESCCandcordonpointsforsuspiciousobjects.
5.2 Inner cordon
5.2.� Policewillcontrolallaccessandexittotheinnercordonthroughacordoncontrolpoint.Thiswillbemanagedbybronzecordons.
5.2.2 LondonFireBrigade(LFB)isresponsibleforsafetymanagementofallpersonnelwithintheinnercordon.AtterroristincidentstheCounterTerrorismCommandscenemanagermustalsobeconsultedonsafetyissues.
5.2.3 Whencordonsareset,personswhodonothavearole,orwhoarewearinginappropriateclothing,willbedirectedtoleavethecordon.
5.2.4 Toaidwithidentificationofpersonnelauthorised,suitablyclothedandbriefedtobeintheinnercordon,theLFBinnercordoncontrollersandinnercordonrecorderswillissuearmbandsandrecordallpersonnelalreadyinorenteringtheinnercordon.
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5.2.5 ThepoliceandLondonAmbulanceService(LAS),workinginconjunctionwiththeLFB,willalsologandverifytheirownservicepersonnelenteringtheinnercordon.Inaddition,thepolicewilllogrepresentativesfromtheutilitiesandotherinvestigators.
5.2.6 TheLFBhasanemergencyevacuationsignalwhichallpersonnelworkingintheinnercordonmustbeawareofandrespondtoiftheareabecomeshazardous.TheLFBofficerwillblowrepeatedshort,sharpblastsonawhistleanddeclareasafepointtowithdrawto.
5.2.7 Non-emergencyservicepersonnelprovidingassistanceintheinnercordonwillbedirectedtotheappropriatecommandvehiclepriortogoingtotheinnercordon.
5.3 Outer cordon
5.3.� Policewillcontrolallaccessandexitpointstotheoutercordon.Non-emergencyservicepersonnelrequiringaccessthroughtheoutercordonwillbevettedattheSceneAccessControlCentre(seebelow)priortoattendingtheaccesspoint.Itdoesnotgiveaccesstotheinnercordon.
5.3.2 Thecommand/controlvehiclesoftheemergencyservicesshouldbepositionedbetweentheinnerandoutercordonsasshouldtheRVPandmarshallingarea(seebelow).
5.4 Traffic cordon
5.4.� Thetrafficcordonisestablishedtorestrictvehicleaccesstotheareasurroundingthescene.
5.4.2 Immediateactionmustbetakentoensurethefreepassageofemergencytraffictoandfromthesceneoftheincidentandtopreventcongestionatandaroundthescene.
5.4.3 Allemergency,specialistandvoluntaryservicesattendingthescenewillbedirectedasfollows:emergencyservicestotheRVPinitially;specialistandvoluntaryservicestotheSceneAccessControlCentreforvettingpriortodirectiontotheRVP.
5.5 Logistical support
5.5.� Thelevelofresponsetoamajorincidentwillbedependentonthenature,sizeandpotentialdurationoftheincident.Allocationandcommitmentofresourcesfromrespondingagencieswillthereforebescalable,dependingonrequirements.Assucharrangementsforlogisticalsupportandresourcesmanagementwillvaryaccordingly.
5.5.2 WhilstitisrecognisedthatthelocationofinitialRVPsandmarshallingareaswillbeagreedfollowingconsultationbetweenpoliceandfire‘Silvers’,thelocationofMulti-AgencyMarshallingAreasandMulti-agencyHoldingAreas(asdefinedbelow)willonlybedeterminedfollowingconsultationbetweenpoliceandfire‘Golds’.
5.5.3 Thefollowinggenericdefinitionsdescribeareas/locationsusedtosupportlogistical/resourcemanagementatmajorincidents.
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5.6 Rendezvous point
5.6.� Apointtowhichinthefirstinstanceallemergencyandspecialistservicesmaybedirectedpriortodeploymenttothesceneofoperationsortoadesignatedmarshallingarea.
5.6.2 ThiswillnormallybeestablishedwithintheoutercordonandwillbeunderthecontrolofaPoliceOfficerwearingtheappropriatereflectivetabard.
5.6.3 ThePoliceOfficerwilladvisetheappropriateservicecommandvehicleoftheresourcesarriving.Anynotimmediatelyrequiredwillbedirectedtothemarshallingarea.
5.6.4 ItmustbenotedthattheRVPplaquedisplayedatLondonUndergroundstationsisfortheuseofLondonUndergroundandLFBstaffonly.ItisnotanRVPforthepurposessetoutabove.
5.7 Marshalling area
5.7.� Amarshallingarea,controlledbypolicewiththeassistanceoftheFireservice,wearingappropriatereflectivetabards,shouldbeestablishedbetweentheRVPandthescene.Theactuallocationwillbeagreedafterconsultationbetweenthepoliceandfire‘Silvers’.TheLASwouldnotusuallybeincludedwithinamarshallingareaduetothearrivalanddepartureofambulanceresourcesthroughambulanceparkingandloadingareas.
5.7.2 Thisareaisforresourcesnotimmediatelyrequiredatthesceneorwhich,havingservedtheirpurpose,arebeingheldforfutureuse.Itshould,therefore,beanareasuitableforaccommodatinglargenumbersofvehicles.
5.7.3 Marshallingareasmayalsobeusedtoprovidebriefing/debriefingareasandrecuperationforpersonnelinvolvedinarduousworkatthescene.
5.7.4 Astheeventisscaleddown,theutilitiesandothercontractorsmayneedtomaintainthemarshallingareaforthedurationoftherecoveryphase.
5.8 Multi-Agency Marshalling Area (MAMA)
5.8.� Wherethesizeandnatureofanincidentisfargreaterthanaconventionalmajorincident,amulti-agencymarshallingareamayberequiredtoaccommodatethesignificantlevelofresourcesandlogisticalsupportrequiredtosustainoperationsattheincident.Thismayincludefeeding,restandrecuperation,firstaid,occupationalhealth,equipmentstorageandservice.
5.8.2 Multi-AgencyMarshallingAreaswillonlybeestablishedfollowingconsultationbetweenEmergencyService‘Golds’.
5.9 Multi-Agency Holding Area (MAHA)
5.9.� Thenatureanddurationofanincidentmayalsorequiretheestablishmentofaholdingareatoreserveadditionalresources(primarilyemergencyservice)priortodeploymentdirectlytothesceneofoperations,toadesignatedMAMA,ortosupportserviceprovisiontoareas
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notdirectlyeffectedbytheincident.MAHAsshouldbeareassuitableforaccommodatinglargenumbersofvehiclesandshouldprovideadditionalfacilitiesincludingfeeding/welfare,co-ordination,administrationandbriefing.
5.9.2 Multi-agencyHoldingAreaswillonlybeestablishedfollowingconsultationbetweenEmergencyService‘Golds’.
5.10 Joint Emergency Services Control Centre
5.�0.� TheLFB,policeandLAScontrol/commandvehicleswillformthefocusfromwhichthemajorincidentwillbemanaged.Thesevehicles,togetherwiththoseofthepublicutilitiesandlocalauthority,willbelocatedclosetooneanotherandbeknowncollectivelyastheJointEmergencyServicesControlCentre(JESCC).Theincidentofficers(Silvers)willjointlyexercisetheirauthorityfromthispointinaco-ordinatedmanner.
5.�0.2 Theimportanceofthisjointcontrolfunctionshouldnotbeunderestimated.Theexperienceofpreviousmajorincidentshasdemonstratedthebenefitsderivedbytheestablishmentofclosecontactbetweentheemergencyservicesandotheragenciesinvolvedinthemanagementoftheincident.
5.11 Siting of vehicles
5.��.� Theofficerinchargeofthefirstcommand/controlvehicleonsceneshouldmakeallowanceforthesitingofotheremergencyservicecommandvehicles.
5.��.2 Thesiteshould:
haveenoughspacetoaccommodateallanticipatedagencycontrols;
beawayfromthehazardsofthescene,butcloseenoughtomaintaincontroloverit;and
bechosencarefullyasrelocationmayproveextremelydifficult.
5.��.3 Ideallythesitewouldbeservedwithgoodaccess,lightingandtoilets.Realisticallythiswillbeunusualinoperationalterms.AwidethoroughfareorsurfacecarparkmaybeusedastheJESCCintheabsenceofmoresuitableaccommodation.
5.��.4 TheadviceoftheLFBonmattersoffiresafetywillbesoughtbytheotheremergencyservicesinconnectionwiththeplacementoftheJESCC.Thisadvicemaywellbechangediftheincidentsubsequentlyprovestoinvolvechemicalsorotherhazardousmaterials.Thechoiceofsitewouldthenbeinfluencedbywinddirection,strengthandgradients.Inthisevent,theLFBscientificadvisor(andifavailableonsite,safetypersonnel)willadviseonthemostsuitablelocationfortheJESCC.TheLFBgeographicinformationsystemisavailableoncommandvehiclesandmayalsobeusedtodetermineasuitablesite.
5.��.5 ThepoliceSilverwill,havingconsultedwiththeotheremergencyservices,beresponsibleforconfirmingoramendingthesitingofthecommand/controlvehiclesandwillestablishliaisonbetweenthem.
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5.��.6 TheLFBorLASwillusuallysetuptheinter-agency(Matelorfieldphonesystem)linkbetweenthecommand/controlvehicles.Althoughvehiclesshouldbepositionedcloseenoughtoensureefficientliaisonandco-ordination,theirproximitymustnotimpairgoodradiocommunications.About�0metres’separationisideal.
5.��.7 Ifaservicemobilisesmorethanonecontrol/commandvehicletothescene,onlyoneofthesewillperformthecontrolfunctionattheJESCC.
5.��.8 Toaididentification,theblue,redorgreenidentifyinglightsoneachofthemaincontrolvehiclesoftheemergencyserviceswillbeswitchedon.Theidentifyinglightsonallothervehiclesmustbeswitchedoff,exceptduringincidentsonopenmotorwaysorelsewherewheretheyarenecessarytoavoidaccidents.
5.12 Scene Access Control (SAC)
5.�2.� ASACCentremustbeestablishedoutsidetheoutercordon,ifpossibleinanareaadjacenttotheRVP.Thecentre,whichwillbeunderpolicecommand,mustbeclearlyidentifiabletothosewishingtogainentrythroughtheoutercordon.Ifnecessary,anapproachroutemustbeestablishedandsignposted.
5.�2.2 TheSACwillberesponsibleforcheckingtheauthenticityofnon-emergencyservicepersonnelwhosepresenceisrequiredwithintheoutercordonandbeyond.SuchpersonsshouldbedirectedtotheSACinthefirstinstancebytheauthorityrequestingtheirattendance.
5.�2.3 TheSACmustmaintainarecordofallpersonswhohavebeendirectedtotheminordertogainaccessandwillneedtoestablishalinkwiththeJESCCforthispurposeatanearlystage.Ifpossible,theSACwillestablishcommunicationlinkswiththeJESCCbywayoftelephone,radioandfax.
5.�2.4 OncesatisfiedastotheircredentialstheSACstaffwill,whereappropriate,escortthemtotheRVP.
5.�2.5 ItmustbeemphasisedthattheroleoftheSACistofacilitateentrythroughtheoutercordonbynon-emergencyservicepersonnelwhosepresenceisrequired.Itdoesnotreplacethearrangementsinplaceinrelationtocontrolofandentrytotheinnercordon.
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6.1 Initial control
6.�.� Itispossiblethatearlyonintheincidentmembersofoneservicewillspontaneouslycarryouttasksnormallytheresponsibilityofanother.Assoonassufficientstaffarrive,eachservicecanbeexpectedtoestablishunequivocalcommandandcontroloffunctionsforwhichitisnormallyresponsible.
6.�.2 Itshouldbeunderstoodthatthetitlesdonotconveyseniorityofserviceorrank,butdepictthefunctioncarriedoutbythatparticularperson.Fromtheoutsetitisimportantthattheseniorofficersofeachserviceatthesceneliaisewitheachother.Thiswillbethefoundationuponwhichalllatermeetingswillbebased.
6.2 Gold, Silver and Bronze
6.2.� ‘Gold’,‘Silver’and‘Bronze’aretitlesoffunctionsadoptedbyeachoftheemergencyservicesandarerole-related,notrank-related.Thesefunctionsareequivalenttothosedescribedas‘strategic’,‘tactical’and‘operational’inotherdocumentsaboutemergencyprocedures.Insummarytherolesofeachcanbedescribedasfollows.
6.3 Gold (strategic)
6.3.� Goldisthecommanderinoverallchargeofeachservice,responsibleforformulatingthestrategyfortheincident.EachGoldhasoverallcommandoftheresourcesoftheirownorganisation,butdelegatestacticaldecisionstotheirrespectiveSilver(s).
6.3.2 AttheoutsetoftheincidentGoldwilldeterminethestrategyandrecordastrategystatement.Thiswillneedtobemonitoredandsubjecttoongoingreview.
6.4 Silver (tactical)
6.4.� Silverwillattendthescene,takechargeandberesponsibleforformulatingthetacticstobeadoptedbytheirservicetoachievethestrategysetbyGold.Silvershouldnotbecomepersonallyinvolvedwithactivitiesclosetotheincident,butremaindetached.
6.5 Bronze (operational)
6.5.� BronzewillcontrolanddeploytheresourcesoftheirrespectiveservicewithinageographicalsectororspecificroleandimplementthetacticsdefinedbySilver.
6.5.2 AstheincidentprogressesandmoreresourcesattendtheRVP,thelevelofsupervisionwillincreaseinproportion.AsseniormanagersarrivetheywillbeassignedfunctionswithintheGold,SilverandBronzestructure.
6.5.3 Seniorofficersarrivingattheirrespectivecommand/controlvehiclesaretoestablishcontactwiththeirincidentcommandersandshouldalsomakecontactwiththepoliceSilverinordertonotifyanytransferofcommand.
6.5.4 Itisimportantthatthetitleholderwearsauniquelyidentifiabletabardandpassesitontotheirsuccessor.
6. Command and control
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6.5.5 Byusingthisuniversalstructure,theemergencyserviceswillbeabletocommunicatewitheachotherandunderstandeachother’sfunctionsandauthority.
6.6 Inter-agency resources
6.6.� Anyservicemayrequestthetemporaryassistanceofpersonnelandequipmentofanother.Inthesecircumstances,whilethesupportingservicewillrelinquishtheimmediatecontrolofthoseresourcestotheotherserviceforthedurationofthetask,itwillneverthelesskeepoverallcommandofitspersonnelandequipmentatalltimes.
6.6.2 Personnelfromoneservicewhohelpanotherinthiswayshouldonlybegiventasksforwhichtheyaretrainedandnotsimplysupplementtheotherserviceinapotentiallydangeroussituation.Forinstance,PoliceOfficersmaybedirectedtobecomestretcher-bearerstoreleasefirefightersforrescuework.Theyshouldnotundertakehazardousrescueworkthemselves.
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7.1 General
7.�.� TheformationofbothaGoldandSilverco-ordinatinggrouphasbeenofgreatvalueatallmajorincidents.Thesupervisingofficersofeachoftheserviceswillinitiallybefullyoccupiedwiththeirownsphereofactivityandtherewill,inevitably,besomedelayinaco-ordinatinggroupbeingsetup,butthisshouldbekepttoaminimum.
7.�.2 Itisessentialthatthefirstsupervisingofficersonscenefromeachoftheemergencyservicesliaisecloselywitheachotherattheearliestopportunity.
7.�.3 TheseofficersmaybeinvitedtothefirstSilverco-ordinatinggroupmeetingtodescribetheirinitialdecisionsortheywillbrieftheirrepresentativeonthegroupbeforethemeeting.
7.�.4 Itisimportant,whenagenciessendarepresentativetoeitheraGoldorSilvercoordinatinggroupmeeting,thatthepersonhassufficientauthoritytoguaranteethatthefacilitiestheyofferonbehalfoftheirservicewillbedelivered.
7.�.5 Ontheotherhand,itisusefulifonlyonepersonfromeachserviceattendssothatthemeetingsarenotundulylong.
7.�.6 Minutes,oranoteofdecisionstaken,mustbekeptofallmeetingsoftheco-ordinatinggroups.Itisalsoessentialthatindividualmembersofthegroupmaketheirownnotesofmeetings.
7.�.7 Minutes,oranoteofdecisionstakenandpersonalnotes,shouldprovideanaide-mémoire ofthecontinuingoverallprogressoftheoperation.Theywillprovideaperspectiveagainstwhichdecisionsorprioritiescanbemade.
7.�.8 Amajorincidentwillnecessarilyinvolveaninvestigationastoitscauseandquitepossiblyaformalinquest,inquiryorcriminaltrial.Theactionsoftheseniorofficersoftheemergencyserviceswillbeofconsiderableinterest.Thereforenoteswillbeinvaluableandwill,insofarastheyarerelevant,bedisclosable;thatis,madeavailableinsubsequentproceedings.
7.2 Gold co-ordinating group
7.2.� Inresponsetoa‘majorincident’theinitialGoldCo-ordinatingGroupwillconsistprimarilyofthe‘bluelight’emergencyservices.AdditionalGoldlevelrepresentationfromotheragencieswillbedependentupontherequirementsoftheincident(e.g.nature,scaleanddynamics).TheLondonResilienceTeam(LRT)willbenotifiedofallformallydeclaredmajorincidentsthatmeettheLESLPdefinition.
7.2.2 Wherethesizeandnatureoftheincidentisfargreaterthanaconventionalmajorincident,itmaybeappropriatetoconveneimmediateandfullstrategicrepresentationfromtheLondonresiliencepartnership(theregionaltier).Thiswouldbeconsideredappropriatewhere,fromtheoutset,itisapparentthatthereistherequirementforprolongedandsignificantinputfromallpartneragencies.Thislevelofstrategicco-ordinationwillbeaccommodatedthroughtheopeningofaStrategicCo-ordinationCentre.
7. Gold and Silver co-ordinating groups
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7.2.3 representatives
Police(whowillchairthemeeting)
overallincidentcommander(PoliceGold);
minutetaker;
senioridentificationmanager/seniorinvestigatingofficerwhereapplicable;
safetyadvisor;and
pressadvisor.
fire
overallIncidentCommander(FireGold).
ambulance
overallIncidentCommander(GoldMedic).
Local authority
ChiefExecutive(orappointedrepresentative)oftheaffectedborough.
7.2.4 Location of meetings
TheGoldgroupwillnormallymeetatalocationcompletelydetachedfromthescenewithsuitablecommunicationsandmeetingfacilities.
7.2.5 frequency of meetings
IngeneralthenatureanddifficultiesoftheincidentwillgovernthefrequencyofGoldmeetings.
7.2.6 tasks
TheagendafortheGoldco-ordinatinggroupmeetingswillbedecidedbythegroupatthetimeandwilldependuponthetypeandscaleoftheincident.AttheoutsettheGoldgroupwilldeterminethestrategicissuesrelevanttotheincident.Inaddition,thegroupmayprovideliaisonwithcentralgovernmentandotherbodies,ensurethatsufficientsupportandresourcesareavailableattheincidentandmaintainastrategicoverview.CoupledwiththiswillbevisitsmadebyVIPstothesceneandtoinjuredsurvivors.Thesevisitsplaceadditionalstrainontheoperationintermsofsecurity,publicorder,increasedmediaattentionandinterruptiontonormalrescuefunctions.PoliceGoldwillundertaketheplanningandliaisonroleforthesevisits.
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7.3 Silver co-ordinating group
7.3.1 representatives
Police(whowillchairthemeeting)
IncidentOfficer(PoliceSilver);
Senioridentificationmanager/seniorinvestigatingofficer/sceneevidencerecoverymanager,whereapplicable;
Minutetaker;
Safetyadvisor;and
Pressadvisor.
fire
IncidentCommander(FireSilver);
LFBinter-agencyliaisonofficer;
Scientificadvisor,whereapplicable;and
Pressadvisor.
ambulance
Incidentofficer(SilverMedic);
MedicalIncidentOfficer;
Pressadvisor;and
EmergencyPlanningManagerorCBRNTacticalSupportOfficerwhereapplicable.
Local authority
LocalAuthorityLiaisonOfficer.
other
TheSilvergroupshouldconsideraformalagendatomonitortheprogressofactionsfortheSilvermeetings;
Additionalrepresentationwilldependuponthescaleoftheincident.Itmaybenecessarytohaveaninnercoreofpermanentmembersandanoutergroupofadvisors,specialistsandotherswhocouldbecalledupontoattendasnecessary;and
Dependentonthenatureoftheincidentandindustryaffected,considerationshouldbegiventothespecialistknowledgeandexpertiseavailabletoassistthegroup.Individualsareavailablefromindustrywhomaybeabletomakeimportantcontributionstoaidaco-ordinatedandeffectiveresponsetotheincidentandtothetacticaldecision-makingprocess.
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7.3.2 Location of meetings
ForconveniencetheSilverco-ordinatinggroupshouldinitiallymeetclosetothescene;itmaybemovedtopremiseswhicharebetterserved,althoughfurtherfromthescene,asoperationsprogress.
7.3.3 frequency of meetings
ThepoliceIncidentOfficerwillcallaninitialmeetingoftheSilverco-ordinatinggroupattheearliestreasonableopportunity.SubsequentmeetingsofthisgroupcanbearrangedatthisfirstmeetingormaybecalledbythePoliceIncidentOfficerattherequestofanothermemberofthegroup.
7.3.4 Safety
Atincidentsconcernedwithfire,thedangeroffire,orinvolvingrescue,theLFBwillprovidetheSilvergroupwithprofessionaladviceonmattersofsafety.WhilsttheLFBwillgiveprofessionaladviceonsafety,overallresponsibilityforhealthandsafetyrestswitheachemergencyservice.Considerationshouldalsobegiventotheadviceandexpertisethatmaybeavailablefromindustriesdirectlyinvolvedinthedisaster.Also,theHealthandSafetyExecutive,aswellasbeinganinvestigativebody,isabletogiveadviceonsafetymatters.
7.3.5 Situation reports
Eachserviceshouldbrieflydescribethesituationasitaffectsitsownoperationsand,ifnecessary,mentionthosemattersforwhichitrequirestheassistanceorco-operationofothers.
7.3.6 Priorities
Prioritiesareessentialtocreateacohesivejointstrategy.Thiswillindicatehowtheresourcesavailablecanbedeployedinthemosteffectiveandefficientmanner.Eachservicewillhaveobjectivestomeetwithinitsownareaofresponsibility.Itisimportanttoestablishwhichoftheseshouldhavepriorityattheparticularstagetheincidenthasreached.Inthatway,inter-servicedifficultiesmaybeavoidedandeachmayconcentrateuponthoseactionswhichcontributemosttothesuccessoftheoperation.
7.3.7 future developments
Thisgroupshouldgiveconsiderationtotherequirementsoflaterphasesoftheoperation,includingtheidentificationofactionsthatneedtobetakeninadvance.
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8.1 General
8.�.� AllpartiesareintroducingTETRA-basedradioswithjointcommunicationsinteroperability.Theintentionistoworktowardsitsfullimplementation.Itis,however,usefultobeawareofthevarioustypesofcommunicationsemployedbyeachconstituentmemberthatcurrentlyremaininplace.
8.2 Warning
8.2.� Nocommunicationssystemissecurefromeavesdroppers.RadioscannerscapableofreceivingPolice,FireBrigade,Ambulanceandlocalauthorityradiotransmissionsarereadilyavailable.Similarly,faxscannerscanbequicklybroughttothescenetointerceptinformationtransmittedbetweentheservicesandagencies.Thisshouldbeborneinmindwhenwordinganytransmission,includingcellulartelephoneconversations,whichmaycontainsensitiveinformation.
8.3 Terrorism
8.3.� Atknownorsuspectedterroristincidentsradiosshouldbekepton.Theobviousbenefitsinbeingabletocommunicateatamajorincidentfaroutweightheremoteriskofactivatingadevicethroughradiotransmission.Whenasuspectexplosivedevicehasbeenlocatedpersonnelshouldwithdrawtoasafedistanceofatleast�5metresfromthedevicebeforetransmittingonpersonalradios.Thisdistanceshouldbeincreasedto50metreswhenvehicle-basedradiosareused.
8.3.2 ItshouldbeborneinmindthatGSMdigitaltelephonesandsometrunkradiosystemspermanentlytransmitaspartoftheirnormaloperatingprocedure.Whenadeviceisdiscoveredtheseitemsshouldbedisconnectedandnotactivateduntiltheyareoutsidethe50-metrezonementionedabove.
8.4 City of London Police (COLP)
8.4.� TheCOLPhasamajorincidentvehicleequippedwith:
COLPmulti-channelUHFset;
MetropolitanPoliceService(MPS)multi-channelUHFset;
publicaddresssystem;
cellphones;and
loudhailers.
8.4.2 TheCOLPforcecontrolroomhasallthecomputerhardwarecommontomanycomputer-aideddespatchsystemsfoundinallserviceheadquarters.ThisisassistedbythemonitoringofeventsonstrategicallyplacedcameraswithincentralLondonandrelayedtoscreenswithinthecontrolroom.
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8.5 Metropolitan Police Service (MPS)
8.5.� TheMPScommunicationsystemcomprisestheMetcallOperationCommandUnitbasedatthreelocations.ThishastheabilitytocommunicatewiththeIntegratedBoroughOperationsrooms,MPSvehiclesandfootpatrolofficers.TheMPScomputeraideddispatchsystemiscompatiblewiththatoftheCityofLondonPolice.MetcallhasthecapabilitytoreceivecameracoverageofalmosttheentireinnerLondontrafficnetwork,whichhasnowbeenenhancedsothattheMPScanalsoreceiveimagesfromeachofthelocalauthorityCCTVsystems.TheMPShelicoptercanprovideliveandrecordedvideosofanincidentanywhereinLondonwhichcanbedownloadedtocertain‘remote’siteswhenapplicable.
8.5.2 Thereisacentrallybasedmobilecommunicationsvehicle(MCV)thatisfittedwithradiosandcellphonesandthatcanbespeedilydeployedtoascenestaffedbyCentralCommunicationsCentrestaff.
8.5.3 Therearealsomajorincident(Silvercontrol)vehicles,eachsituatedatstrategiclocationsaroundLondon.TheyareequippedsimilarlytotheCOLPvehicleandcanaccommodateasmallbriefinggroup.Areaofficerswillstaffthem.Inaddition,thereareBronzecommandvehiclesthroughoutLondon.
8.5.4 IntheMPSTETRA-basedradioisfittedtovehiclesandissuedtoindividualofficers.Differingtalkgroupsareusedforlocalboroughoperationalcommandunitsandpan-Londonunits,butallcancommunicatewitheachotherifrequired.WhilstMPSradiosdonotoperateundergroundthereisafacilitytoprovidecross-agencyinteroperability.
8.6 British Transport Police (BTP)
8.6.� TheBTPcontrolroomhasitsowncommandandcontrolsystem.InadditiontheBTPalsohasdirectaccesstoMPSCADandisCAD-live.ThereisCCTVcapacityavailablewithintheMICC.
8.6.2 BTPusesTETRA-basedradiothroughoutthecountry.Whenofficersare‘belowground’ontheundergroundsystemtheyuseChannel2radiostocommunicatewithMICC.
8.6.3 AfullTETRA-basedradiocommunicationssystemisnotbeingimplementedindeeptubestationsuntil2008.TheDutyOfficerMICChasdetailsofcall-outprocedures(viaMPS)shouldairwaveberequiredintheeventofanemergencyunderground.Thiscapabilityandprocedurefordeployingisknownas‘OperationTunnelSound’.
8.6.4 TwoincidentcommandvehiclesareavailableintheLondonareaandadditionalcommandandcontrolcapacitycanbebroughtinfromoutsideLondonifrequired.
8.7 London Fire Brigade (LFB)
8.7.� AllLFBfront-lineappliancesareequippedwithVHFradiosandhavetheabilitytocommunicatewiththecontrolfromanywhereintheGreaterLondonarea.TheLFBhashand-heldUHFradiosavailableonallitsfront-lineappliancestogetherwithanadditional
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supplyoncommandvehiclesforcommandpurposes.Theseradiosarecompatiblewith‘leaky-feeder’systemscurrentlybeinginstalledinLUsub-surfacerailwaystationsandcertainotherundergroundlocations.
8.7.2 AswellasmainVHFradio,LFBcommandvehiclesalsocarrythefollowingcommunicationfacilities:
TETRAradiocommunications;
‘Matel’fieldtelephones,whicharecompatiblewiththoseintheotheremergencyservicecontrolvehicles.Theseareavailableforuseatmajorincidentsforliaisonpurposesandforestablishingcommunicationswithcontrolvehicles;
amobileleaky-feedcablecapableofbeinglaidintoareasofbadVHFreception;
cellphones,whichareavailableforalternativecommunicationpurposes;
cellularfaxes;and
downlinkimagereceivers(helicopter).
8.7.3 AllcommandvehiclesareequippedwithcomputersandarestaffedbypersonneltrainedintheuseoftheCommandPlanningSystem(CPS)software.TheCPSisaninteractivesoftwarepackagebasedonOSmapsthatisdesignedtoassistincidentmanagement.
8.7.4 AllmajorincidentsandincidentsofnotearemonitoredintheBrigadeCommandSupportCentre(CSC),whichalsodealswithliaisonandotherissuesspecifictomajorincidents.CSCpersonnelareabletoviewtheCPSandinputinformationtosupportincidentcommandersonthecommandvehicles,whilstalsobeingabletooverviewtheCPSincidentmanagement.
8.8 London Ambulance Service (LAS)
8.8.� LASemergencyambulances,responsecarsandothervehiclesarefittedwithcellphones,VHFradios,GlobalPositioningSystems(GPS)andanAutomaticVehicleLocationSystem(AVLS)throughmobiledataterminalsoneachvehicle.AllLASresourcesarefittedwithVHFradioschanneledintotheEmergencyOperationsCentreattheAmbulanceHeadquartersatWaterloo.TheLAShaveaduplicatefallbackcontrolroomatBow.
8.8.2 Thedutyofficervehiclesarefittedwithcellphones,VHFradiosandhand-heldUHFradiosforusebyLASBronzeofficersatthescene.
8.8.3 TheLAShavetwoemergencycontrolvehicles.ThesevehiclesarepaintedwhiteandbeartheLondonAmbulanceServicemarkings.Theyaresurmountedbyblueflashinglightsandagreenandwhitechequered,illuminateddome.Agreenandwhitechequeredstripisdisplayedaroundthevehicle.Eachvehiclehasmulti-channelradiosetsnettedtoallambulancefrequencies,handportables,amobileleaky-feedcablecapableofprovidingUHFcommunicationsinbadareasofreception,mapsandothersourcesofinformation.Theyalsohavethefacilitytosetupadirectlinetelephonelinkbetweentheemergencyservicesatthesceneofanincident.TheyalsohaveafacilitytolinkintoBritishTelecomphonelines.Amobilephoneandfaxisfittedineachvehicle.EachvehiclealsohasaUHFradiosetwithMulti-AgencyCommandchannel69/70forusebySilverOfficersatmajorincidents.
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8.8.4 LASIncidentControlisthecontrolroomsituatedwithintheEOCcomplexforuseduringseriousandmajorincidents.Itisresponsibleforcontrollingtheincident,communicationwithhospitals,primaryloggingduties,paginginstructionproceduresandthestrategicoverviewoftheincident.
8.9 MPS Special Operations Room (MP-SOR)
8.9.� TheSpecialOperationsRoom(SORcallsign‘GT’)hasprovidedcommandandcontrolfornumerousmajorincidentsthathaveoccurredinLondonwithinrecentyears.ItispartoftheMetcallOperationalCommandUnit.
8.9.2 SOR(GT)providescommandandcontrolformajorincidents,terroristincidents,disorderanddemonstrations.TheroomhasconsolesthataresetasidefortheLAS,LFB,BTP,COLPandadditionalagencies(forexamplearmedforces).Itisfromherethatthevariousserviceliaisonofficerswork.TheyhaveaccesstoalltheradioandCADcommunicationschannelledthroughtheroomandcan,forexample,relayrequestsforassistancetotheirowncontrolrooms.
8.9.3 SOR(GT)doesnotcontroltheincident.ItsfunctionistoprovideasupportstructuretotheIncidentCommand,toassistinthemanagementoftheincident.Itcannotbeover-emphasisedthatthebestoperationalcommunicationswillalwaysbeconductedverballybetweenservicerepresentativesonsite.
8.9.4 WithinCentralCommandComplextherearealsofacilitiesforcommunicatingwithallotherpoliceforcesintheUnitedKingdom,membersofInterpolandcentralgovernment.
8.10 Inter-agency command channel
8.�0.� TheMPS,LASandLFBcommandvehiclesthatattendthesceneareeachequippedwithanumberofhand-heldmulti-channelUHFradios.Thesewilloperateontheinter-agencycommandchannelusingChannels69and70(NationalChannelPlan).TheseradiosareintendedforcommanduseonlybytherespectiveserviceSilversforliaisonpurposesandnotforgeneralinter-serviceuse.Policeareresponsibleforissuingtheradiostotheotherservicesatthescene.
8.11 Liaison officers
8.��.� EachagencywillonrequestprovideliaisonofficerstotheGoldco-ordinatinggroup.
8.��.2 InadditiontheLFBhasacadreofdedicatedtrainedandqualifiedinter-agencyliaisonofficerswhocanadviseandsupportincidentcommanders,police,medical,militaryandothergovernmentagenciesontheLFB’soperationalcapacityandcapabilitytoreduceriskandsafelyresolveincidentsatwhichabrigadeattendancemayberequired.TheLAShasasimilarsystem,withagroupofemergencyplanningmanagersandCBRNtacticalsupportofficerswhocanprovideadviceandsupporttotheAmbulanceIncidentOfficersandothersonmattersrelatingtoemergencyplanningandotherambulanceserviceorNHSrequirements.
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8.12 Local authority communications
8.�2.� Manylocalauthoritiesareprovidedwiththeirownintegralradiocommunicationssystems;however,thesemaynotbecompatiblebetweenboroughsorwiththeemergencyservices.Londonlocalauthoritiesareundertakingtoprocurecommoncommunicationssystems,includingAirwave,toensurecompatibilitywiththeemergencyservices.Alllocalauthoritieshaveemergencysatellitephones.
8.13 Telecom assistance
8.�3.� Telecommunicationutilitycompanieshavearangeofalternativecommunicationsystemsforusebytheemergencyservices.Chargesmaybeincurred.
8.14 Access overload control (ACCOLC)
8.�4.� Thisistheauthorisedschemewherebythemobiletelephonyserviceproviderscan,intheeventofamajorincident,limitaccesstotheirrespectivenetworksandpermitemergencyservices,localauthoritiesandotheruserswithsuitablyenabledmobiletelephonestohaveexclusiveaccesstoavailablechannels.
8.�4.2 Thisfacilityisexpensivetoimplementandcancauseinconveniencetootherresponders,suchasTransportforLondon.ItshouldonlybeinitiatedaftercarefulconsiderationandontheauthorityofpoliceGold.InanextremeorurgentsituationpoliceSilvermayrequesttheimplementationofACCOLC.
8.�4.3 ThesystemworksbyusingACCOLC-enabledSIMcards.TheSIMcardsaresuppliedbytherespectiveserviceproviders.IndividualemergencyserviceorganisationsshouldconsulttheirownpolicyinrelationtothenumbersofACCOLC-enabledtelephonestheycanobtain.AsaguideeachorganisationshouldtakeintoconsiderationkeypoststobesuppliedwithACCOLC-enabledSIMcards.
8.�4.4 ItshouldbenotedthattheCabinetOfficeistheauthorisingbodyforACCOLCregistrationandthenumberallowedontheschemeisstrictlylimitedtopreserveitsoperationalbenefits.
8.15 Radio Amateurs’ Emergency Network (RAYNET)
8.�5.� RAYNETisanationwidevoluntarygroupofUnitedKingdomgovernment-licensedradiooperatorswhoareabletoprovideemergencyradiocommunicationstotheemergencyservices,localauthoritiesandcentralgovernmentdepartments.Theirradiocommunicationsequipmentisspecificallydesignatedforuseinemergencies.
8.�5.2 GreaterLondonRAYNETcanprovidespecialistVHF/UHFradiocommunicationsassistanceacrossLondonandbeyondintoneighbouringcounties.Nationalandinternationalradiocommunicationscanalsobeprovidedifrequested.
8.�5.3 TheassistanceofRAYNETshouldbesoughtfromtheappropriateservicecontrol.
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9.1 Categories
9.�.� Thecareandidentificationofcasualtiesisaprimaryresponsibilityoftheemergencyservicesatamajorincident.
9.�.2 Casualtiesfallintooneoffourcategories:
uninjured;
injured;
dead;or
evacuees.
9.�.2 Theymaybewitnesses/victimsorevensuspectsandcarryevidenceorhazardsontheirclothing,particularlyinterroristincidents.
9.2 Uninjured
9.2.� Theuninjuredwillhavebeeninvolvedintheincident,butwillnotnecessarilywantorrequiremedicalattention.TheymustberemovedfromthehazardbytheLondonFireBrigade(LFB).OncethesepeoplehavebeenremovedfromanyhazardsandprocessedthroughatriagesievebytheLAStheymustbehandedovertothepoliceforcollationofdetailsandwitnessstatements.
9.2.2 Theywillallbepotentialwitnesses.Thepolicewillneedtocollatetheirdetailsforthebenefitofthecasualtybureauaswellastheinvestigation.Thiscanbedoneatsuitablepremisesnearby,calledthesurvivorreceptioncentre(see9.7).
9.3 Injured
9.3.� Theinjuredneedtoberescuedfromthesceneandcaredforasquicklyandsafelyaspossiblebytherescuers,whomustbemindfuloftherequirementoftheambulanceandmedicalteamsonsite.Ambulanceparamedicsandtechniciansthenneedtobeabletoadministertheappropriatepre-hospitaltreatmentbeforethepatientsaretakentothereceivinghospitals.
9.3.2 TheLAS’saimatanymultiplecasualtyincidentistoproducethelargestnumberofsurvivors.Theywillneedtodelivertherightpatienttotherightplaceattherighttimesothattheyreceivetheoptimumtreatment.Triageisadynamiccontinuousprocess.TheLAShasaresponsibilitytoensurethatateverystageoftheincidentpatientsarecontinuallyassessedtoensurethatchangesintheconditionofthepatientarereflectedinthepatient’striagecategory.
9.3.3 Thetriagesystemisa‘physiologicalsystem’whichreliesonchangesinvitalsignsasaresultofaninjuryorillnessratherthanan‘anatomicalsystem’thatreliesondecisionsbeingmadeonwhatinjuriescanbeseen.Whereanexperiencedclinicianisusingthetriagesystem,knowledgeoftheclinicalconditionthatisbasedonananatomicalinjurymaybeusedtoupgradeatriagecategory.
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9.3.4 DuringanincidenttheLASwillusetwolevelsoftriage–thesearereferredtoas‘triagesieve’and‘triagesort’.Bothtriagesystemsusealgorithmstodeterminewhichprioritygroupapatientfallsinto.Theprioritygroupsareasfollows:
PriorityDescriptionColour
ImmediateRed
UrgentYellow
DelayedGreen
ExpectantBlue
DeadorDeceasedWhiteorBlack
triage sieve
9.3.5 Thistriagesievequicklysortsoutcasualtiesintoprioritygroups.UsingthealgorithmcardtheLASwillsystematicallyworkthroughthepatients,triagingandlabellingthem.TheLASwillnotgetinvolvedinsubstantivepatienttreatmentduringatriagesieve.
triage sort
9.3.6 Onthearrivaloffurtherresourcespatientsaremovedtoaplaceofsafety,usuallythecasualtyclearingstation.Atthislocationtheycanbere-triagedusingatriagesortprocess.Thisprocessisamorethoroughclinicaltriagethanthesieve.
9.3.7 Thesametriagecardisusedthroughoutthesieveandsortprocessupdatingapatient’striagecategorybyrefoldingthecardasnecessary.
Paediatric triage
9.3.8 DuringmostmajorincidentstheLAStriagespaediatricsusingtheadulttriagesieve–thisover-prioritisesbutisasafeoption.DuringamultiplecasualtyincidentinvolvingmainlypaediatricpatientstheLASwillinstigatetheuseofthepaediatrictriageprocess.Thesystemusessimilaralgorithmstothatoftheadulttriagetape.
Expectant category
9.3.9 TheexpectantcategoryisonlyusedwiththeauthorityofGoldMedicandGoldDoctorwithadvicefromtheEmergencyPlanningManagers.ThissituationwouldarisewhentherearesuchlargenumbersofpatientsthattheabilityoftheLAStorespondtotheclinicalneedsofeveryindividualandpotentiallyunsurvivableinjurieswouldbetothedetrimentofotherpatients.
9.3.�0 Expectantpatientsmustbetriagelabelledas‘immediatepriority�’,whichisred,thoughwithablueflashcornerfoldedbackfromtherearoftheimmediatepriority�card.
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casualty clearing station and ambulance loading point
9.3.�� Thecasualtyclearingstationisaplaceofrelativesafetytowhichcasualtiesareconveyedfromtheincidentsite.Triagesort,assessment,treatmentandstabilisationiscarriedoutbyLASstafftogetherwithanymobilemedicalteamsonsceneatthestation.Thecasualtyclearingstationisco-ordinatedbytheLASBronzeClearingofficerandaseniordoctor(secondarytriageofficer),callsignBronzeDoctor.
9.3.�2 Asuitableareaorbuildingbetweentheinnerandoutercordonsneartothesiteshouldbeidentifiedforuseasthecasualtyclearingstation.
9.3.�3 Onceenoughresourceshavearrivedonsceneitisvitalthatpatientdocumentationstartswithinthecasualtyclearingstation.
hospital
9.3.�4 Oncethepatientarrivesatthehospitalthepatientwillbere-triagedbyhospitalstaff.TheambulancecrewmustensurethattheyreporttheirarrivalwithbothCACandtheAmbulanceLiaisonOfficer(ALO)atthehospital.TheALOhasaresponsibilitytoretrieveeverypatient’sLAStriagecardandpassdetailstothepolicedocumentationteams.
Labelling and documentation
9.3.�5 Documentationofpatientsmuststartassoonaspossible.Triagelabelsmustbeattachedtopatientsintheinitialstagesoftheincidentevenifthereisnoopportunitytocollectpersonaldetails.Detailsofeachpatientshouldbecollectedassoonastheyenterthecasualtyclearingstation/area.
9.3.�6 Itmaynotalwaysbepossibleforambulancecrewstorecordtheusualdetailsofpatientscarriedonthepatientreportforms.Ambulancesshouldnotbedelayedatthesceneinordertoobtainpersonaldetailsofindividualcasualties,whichwillbeobtainedbythepoliceatthereceivinghospitals.Inallcircumstancesthetriagelabelmustbecompleted.
9.3.�7 Policeserviceinstructionsrefertotheattachingofnationallyandrecommendedidentificationlabelstodeceasedpersons.AmbulanceservicepersonnelshouldnotethattheseidentityandevidentiallabelsareNOTtobeusedinplaceofthemedicaltriagelabels.
9.3.�8 PoliceshouldliaisewiththeLAStomaintainacountofallpersonsprocessedwithdetailsofhospitalstowhichtheyhavebeentaken.
9.3.�9 Policeofficerswillbedeployedtothecasualtydepartmentsofthesehospitalstoprovidedocumentationteams,assistwithforensicissuesandprovidesecurityadvice.
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9.4 Deceased and human remains
9.4.� TheCoroner
AnHMCoronerwillbeappointedappropriateto‘wherethebodylies’,anditistheCoronerwhohastheultimateresponsibilityforestablishingidentityandthecauseandtimeofdeath.ItisimportantthattheCoronerorhis/herOfficerbekeptinformedatalltime.TheCoronermaywishtoviewthedeceasedorhumanremainsin situpriortorecovery.Inamulti-sceneincident,wherethedeceasedlieinanumberofdifferentCoroners’areas,considerationshouldbegiventotheappointmentofa‘LeadCoroner’byrecordedagreement.
9.4.2 the Pathologist
AHomeOfficePathologistwillbeappointedtoprovidepost-morteminformationrelatingtothecauseofdeathandtheidentityofthedeceased.Forensicspecialistswillassistthepathologist.
ThePathologistmaywishtoviewthedeceasedandhumanremainsin situpriortorecovery.CoronersareassistedintheireffortsbyHomeOfficepathologistsandforensicscientistsofmanydisciplines.PoliceOfficerswillmakeenquiriesontheirbehalf.
9.4.3 Senior Identification Manager (SIM)
PoliceGoldwillappointaSIM.TheSIM,inconsultationwiththeSeniorInvestigationOfficer(SIO),willdeterminetermsofreferencetobeagreedbyGold,andwillnormallyassumeresponsibilityforthekeyareasoftheidentificationprocess,whichincludethecasualtybureau,familyliaison,disastervictimrecoveryandidentificationteamsandmortuaryteams.
9.4.4 Scene Evidence recovery Manager (SErM)
EstablishedtoprovideasinglepointofcontactatthesceneresponsibletotheSIMfortherecoveryofthedeceasedandhumanremains,andtotheSIOforcrimescenetechnicalandphysicalinvestigationevidence.Partofthisrolewillbetochair,andtoprovideminutes,oftheSERMGroupmeetings.
9.4.5 SErM group
Relevantmulti-agencyandspecialistadvisorswhowillassistintherecoveryprogramme.Someofthesewillhavestatutorypowerstoconductinvestigations(e.g.AAIBandRAIB);otherswillprovidetechnicalassistanceandadvice(e.g.heavygearliftingoperatorsordeconstructionengineers)aswellasrepresentativesfromtheprivateindustry-nominatedpersons(e.g.transportationoperators,siteownersorthelike).ConsiderationshouldbegiventotheneedsoftheinvestigationandconsultationwiththeSIOasthesepersonsmayhaveaconflictofinterest.Thedeceasedandhumanremainsshouldnotbemovedunlessessentialinthelife-savingprocess.
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9.4.6 disaster victim recovery and Identification officers
DisasterVictimRecoveryandIdentificationTeams(DVRITs)aredrawnfromaselectlistofspeciallytrainedofficers.TheyaredeployedbytheSIMinconsultationwiththeCoronerandPathologisttorecoverthedeceasedandhumanremainsinarespectfulanddignifiedmannerappropriatetotherequirementsoftheinvestigationasdirectedbytheSERM.ThedeceasedandhumanremainswillberecoveredtoanationallyagreedstandardandrecordedusingtheACPOvictimlabelbookletwhichprovidesforcontinuityofevidencerelatingtothemovementandstorageofthoserecoveredfromthescene.Property,unless‘withthebody’,willnotbedealtwithbytheDVRITbutwillbecollectedunderaseparateprocess.
9.4.7 holding audit area
TheDVRITleaderwillberesponsibleforestablishinga‘HoldingAuditArea’withintheinnercordonclosetotherecoveryareawhereallaspectsoftherecoveryprocesswillbeco-ordinated.HoldingAuditAreaofficerswillprovideadirectlinktotheSERMinrespectofinformationrelatingtotherecoveryandcontinuityprocessincludingonwardtransportationtothemortuary.Policewilldeploycontinuityofficerstovehiclesusedinthetransportation.
9.4.8 Property
Propertywhichmaybeevidence,orothermaterialwhichmayberelevanttoboththeinvestigationandtheidentificationprocedures,shouldberecoveredinasystematicandorganisedmanner,appropriatelylogged,recordedandstored.
TheSERMwillberesponsibleforappointingapropertyrecoveryteamleaderdrawnfrompolicespecialistsearchteams.Exhibitstorageshouldbeestablishedon-site,managedbydedicatedexhibitsofficers/teams.
9.4.9 designated mortuaries/emergency (demountable structure) mortuaries
Localauthoritieshaveadutytoprovidemortuaryfacilities,thesecanbedividedintotwomaintypes:
designated,existinglocalmortuaryfacilities
emergency(demountablestructure)mortuaries.
9.4.�0 ShoulddesignatedmortuariesbeoverrunorunabletoadequatelycopewiththeincidentthentheCoroner,PathologistandSIMmayrequestthelocalauthoritytoprovideadditionalemergencymortuaryfacilities.TheHomeOfficeNationalEmergencyMortuaryPlanandtheLondonMassFatalityPlanexisttohelpdrivethatdecision-makingprocessandtheimplementationofsuchadecision.
9.4.�� SitesfortheconstructionofanemergencymortuaryhavebeenidentifiedwithintheLondonMassFatalityPlan.DVRITsandexhibitsofficerswillbedeployedtothemortuarytoassistintheidentificationproceduresandwillreporttothepoliceMortuaryOperationsManager.
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9.5 Evacuees
9.5.� Someemergenciesmayrequiretheevacuationofalargesurroundingareabecauseofthedangertolifefromenvironmentalorstructuralhazards.Caremustbetakentoensurethatevacuationdoesnotplacethoseconcernedingreaterdanger.
9.5.2 EvacuationisusuallyundertakenontheadviceoftheFireSilver.Insomecircumstances,personnelfromallservicesmayhavetoassistincarryingitout.
9.5.3 Asuitableevacuationassemblypointwillneedtobeestablishedandrestcentressetupbythelocalauthority.
9.5.4 Personnelfromthelocalauthorityandfromvoluntaryagencieswillstaffrestcentres.Thecentreswillprovidesecurity,welfare,communication,cateringandmedicalfacilities.
9.5.5 Evacueesshouldbedocumentedandbasicdetailspassedtothecasualtybureau.
9.6 Rest centre
9.6.� Theselectionofasuitablerestcentreshouldalwaysbemadeinconjunctionwiththelocalauthoritywherepracticable,astheremayalreadybepre-definedfacilitiesintheareaaffected.
9.6.2 Arestcentreisafacilitywherepersonsdisplacedbyamajorincidentofanysizecanfindshelter,supportandsustenanceasappropriate.
9.6.3 Personnelfromthelocalauthority,primarycaretrustandvoluntaryagencieswillstaffrestcentresasappropriate.Therestcentreswillprovidesecurity,welfare,communication,cateringandmedicalfacilities.
9.6.4 Facilitieswithaspecificreceptionroleforsurvivorsandorfriendsandrelativesaredetailedbelow.
9.6.5 Inadditiontoprovidingfacilitiesforthedocumentationteams,thecentrealsoneedstoprovideshelter,first-aidtreatment,welfaresupportandcommunications.Thevoluntaryaidsocietiesmayalsobepresenttosupplycomfortandcounselling.
9.7 Survivor reception centre (SRC)
9.7.� Intheearlystagesofanincident,wherethoseinvolvedareleavingthescene,itmaynotbepracticabletoestablishanSRCbecauseofothermorepressingprimaryresponsibilities,e.g.life-saving.
9.7.2 Thosewhohavebeeninvolvedintheincidentmaybeabletoprovideimportantinformation/evidenceinrelationtotheevent.Wherepracticable,survivorsandwitnessesshouldbedirectedtotheSRC.Hereinvestigatorscanbegintointerviewwitnessesand
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forensicmanagerscanassistwiththecollectionofevidence.Policewillsupplyadocumentationteam,whowillpassondetailstotheCentralCasualtyBureau.Apolicesecurityteamwillalsobedeployedatthecentre.
9.7.3 Theimportanceoftheabovecommentscannotbeover-emphasized.
9.8 Friends’ and relatives’ reception centre
9.8.� Wheredemandwarrantsit,considerationshouldbegiventoestablishingasecure,comfortableareawherefriendsandrelativesofcasualtiesandmissingpersonscanbedirectedforinformation.
9.8.2 Thesizeandscaleoftheincident,numberoffatalitiesandpossiblytheareaofdestructionwillaffectanydecisionsmade.Withintheareatobesetasideforthefriends’andrelatives’receptioncentre,considerationshouldbegiventolocatingtherelevantagencieswhoseadviceandassistancemaybecalledupon.
9.8.3 Therewillbeaneedtoensurethattheresourcesofallthoseworkingtowardstheneedsoffamilyandfriendsareco-ordinatedandthatthereareregularbriefingstoensureacohesiveapproachisestablished.
9.9 Central Casualty Bureau
9.9.� Policemayestablishacasualtybureauwheredetailsofalldead,casualties,survivorsandevacueeswillbecollated.Thiscentrewillalsotaketelephoneenquiriesfromthefriendsandrelativesofpeoplewhoarebelievedtobeinvolvedintheincident.
9.9.2 Casualtybureaustaffwillthenmatchdetailsofpersonsinvolvedwithenquiries.
9.9.3 Whereamatchismade,appropriatecontactwiththeenquirerwillbemade.
9.9.4 Thecasualtybureauwillnotcloseuntilallthecasualtieshavebeenidentified,allnext-of-kinhavebeeninformedandtelephoneenquirieshavediminishedtoalevelwheretheycanbedealtwithbythelocalpolicearea.
9.9.5 Toavoiddiscrepanciesincasualtyfiguresallinformationmustberoutedthroughthecasualtybureau,whichwillbethesolesourceofcasualtyinformation.CasualtyfiguresmustonlybereleasedfollowingconsultationwithPoliceGoldortheirpressofficers.
9.9.6 Whereinjuriesarefatalorserious,contactshouldbemadewiththefamilyliaisonofficerco-ordinatortodiscusswhetheritisappropriatetoappointafamilyliaisonofficeratthisstage.
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10.1 Police helicopters
�0.�.� TheMetropolitanPoliceService(MPS),CityofLondonPolice(COLP)operatehelicoptersoverthewholeoftheGreaterLondonarea.
Theiraircrafthavethefollowingequipment:
comprehensiveradiocommunications,includingairtrafficcontrolwavebandtoeasecommunicationswithotheremergencyresponseaircraft;
visualandthermalimagingequipment,effectivedayandnight;
asearchlight(‘Nitesun’)capableofilluminatingawideareaandforimmediaterescueneeds,operatingat800feetforminimalgrounddisturbance;
apublicaddresssystem(‘Skyshout’)capableofbroadcastingmessagesataloweroperatingheight;
videotransmissionequipmenttoground-basedreceivingstationswhichincludebothMPSandLondonFireBrigade(LFB)commandvehicles.Mobilereceiversarealsoavailablewhichincertaincircumstancescanbedeliveredclosetothescenebytheaircraftorcollectedfromthebase;and
digitalandwet-filmstillscameras.
�0.�.2 Helicopterscanprovidethefollowingsupportfacilities:
immediateoverviewofscene,includingthesizeoftheaffectedarea,ancillaryfactorsandsoon;
casualtysearch/assessmentofnumbers;
identificationofpresentorpotentialhazards;
weatherconditions,includingwinddirectionatscene;
areacontainment,includingcordondeployment/infringement;
trafficmanagement/routeplanningschemes;and
evidentialimageryofscene,includingphotographs,video,thermalimaginganddetailedtargetanalysis.
10.2 Military helicopters
�0.2.� RAFSearchandRescue(SAR)helicoptersareavailabletorespondtocivilincidentsandcould,forexample,assistinthetransferofurgentcasualtiestohospitalsoutsideLondonifthiswerenecessary.Thesehelicoptersareequippedtowinchsurvivorsfromtheseaorriverandcancarryseveralstretchercases.Theycanconductsearchesvisuallyandbyusingradarandinfra-redequipment.
�0.2.2 ThenearestRAFSARhelicopterbasetoLondonisatWattishaminSuffolk,about40–45minutes’reactionandflyingtimefromcentralLondon.Thepresenceofsuitablelandingsitesadjacenttotheincidentisaprerequisiteforcasualtyevacuation.
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�0.2.3 RAFSARhelicoptersarealertedbytheAeronauticalRescueCo-ordinationCentre(ARCC),locatedatRAFKinlossinScotland.
�0.2.4 NoMilitaryAidtotheCivilAuthority(MACA)processisrequiredfortheemergencycalloutofSARhelicopters.
�0.2.5 Inaddition,RAFsupporthelicopters(fromRAFOdihaminHampshireandRAFBensoninOxfordshire)couldbeusedfortheevacuationoflargernumbersofseriouscasualties.TheuseofsupporthelicopterswouldbesubjecttoMACAproceduresandwoulddependontheavailabilityofthesehelicopters.
10.3 Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS)
�0.3.� Whereanincidentoccurswhichinvolvesaveryhighnumberofcasualtiesitmaybenecessaryforsomeofthemtobetakentoahospitalsomedistancefromthescene.InsuchcasestheambulancecontrolwillliaisewithHEMSand,incertaincircumstances,themilitary.
�0.3.2 HEMSmayalsobemobilisedtoanycasualtyrequiringadvancedtraumalifesupportfromtheon-boarddoctorandparamedic(s).
�0.3.3 HEMSisavailabletolandatapredeterminedlocationandprovideatleastonedoctorandtrainedparamedictothescene.Thehelicoptercanalsobeusedtoferryadditionaldoctorsandresourcesaswellasevacuatesinglecasualties.
�0.3.4 TheemergencyserviceswillconsultpriortoHEMSdeployment.
10.4 HM Coastguard search and rescue helicopters
�0.4.� HMCoastguardSARhelicoptersmayalsobecalledupontoassistinmarineorlandrescueincidentsintheLondonarea.Coastguardhelicoptersareequippedtowinchpeoplefromthewaterorfromvesselsandcancarryseatedandstretchercasualties.Theyarefittedwithinfraredequipmenttoassistlocationofcasualtiesinthewaterinpoorvisibilityandatnight.
�0.4.2 HMCoastguardhelicoptersarealertedthroughLCGformarineincidentsandbytheMPSthroughtheARCCatRAFKinlossforlandincidents.
10.5 Temporary heli-pads
�0.5.� Temporaryheli-padsmightneedtobeidentifiedwithconsiderationfor:
safetyofcrewandaircraftfromobstructionssuchaswires,unitmastsandunsuitableterrain;
safetyfromharmfulchemicalrelease,fire/smoke;
accesstovehicle;and
disturbanceofdebris/evidenceordisruptionbyexcessivenoise.
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10.6 Emergency flying restrictions
�0.6.� Policehavethefacility,throughtheCivilAviationAuthority(CAA),torequesttheimpositionoftemporaryemergencyflyingrestrictionsoverthesceneofanincidentundercertaincircumstances.Themostlikelyreasonwouldbethesafetyofthoseintheairorontheground.RequestsfortemporaryemergencyflyingrestrictionsshouldbemadethroughthePoliceSilver,whowillreviewthenecessityforsuchrestrictionsatregularintervals.
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11.1 Evidence
��.�.� Mostmajorincidentswillbethesubjectofaninvestigation/inquiry,whetherforHMCoroner,apublicinquiry,orcivilorcriminalcourtproceedings,thereforeevidencecollectedshouldbeofthebestpossiblequality.
��.�.2 Inordertogathersuchevidencethescenemustbesecuredassoonaspossibleandanythingwhichcanbereasonablyanticipatedtoberequiredasevidenceshouldbepreservedandnotdamaged,movedordisposedofwithoutreferencetotheleadinginvestigator.
��.�.3 Dependinguponthenatureoftheincidentseveraldifferentagenciesmaycarryoutindependentinvestigation.Protocolsandaframeworkforeffectiveliaisonhavebeenagreedwiththefollowingbodies:
AirAccidentInvestigationBranch;
MarineAccidentInvestigationBranch;
RailAccidentInvestigationBranch;and
HealthandSafetyExecutive.
NB: They require the early notification of an incident in order to co-ordinate its response. Thelistofagenciesisnotexhaustiveandthetypeofincidentwilldictatethoseagenciesthatmaywellhaveaninvestigationinput.
��.�.4 Aerialphotography,bothvideoandstills,canhelpthroughouttheincidentinrecordingthesceneforevidentialpurposes,aswillanyotherphotographicevidenceavailable.
11.2 Police responsibilities
��.2.� Inallsuspectedterrorist-relatedincidentsTheMPSCounterTerrorismCommandSO�5willlead.
��.2.2 BritishTransportPolice(BTP)willleadinrailwayincidentsotherthanthoserelatingtomurderorterrorism.Wheretheincidentisofsuchascaleortherearespecialreasons,ajointteamofBTPandlocalpolicemaybeformed,followingdiscussionsbetweenseniorofficersofbothservices.
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12.1 Health and safety
�2.�.� Anappropriatehealthandsafetymanagementstructurewillbeenforced.Theresponsibilityforhealthandsafetyofstaffatamajorincidentrestswitheachagency.TheLondonFireBrigade(LFB)isresponsibleforsafetymanagementwithintheinnercordonandadvicegivenmustbeactedonbyallemergencyservices.
�2.�.2 RespondingagenciesmaywishtohaveahealthandsafetyprofessionalonthesceneassoonaspossibletoadvisetheirrespectiveSilversandcarryouton-siteriskassessmentsandidentifycontrolmeasuresandsafesystemsofwork.
12.2 Factories and other industrial sites
�2.2.� Theselocationshavearangeofpotentialhazardsincludingsubstancesthatareflammable,reactive,explosiveortoxic.Sometimesthehazardsaremultiple(forexampleflammableandtoxic)andmayinvolvecorrosiveorradioactivematerials.ForsomesitestherearespecificemergencyplansmadeundertheControlofMajorAccidentHazards(COMAH)Regulations�999.
�2.2.2 InthecontextofCOMAHincidents,theterm‘majoraccident’isusedbythoseagenciesinvolvedandshouldnotbeconfusedwiththeterm‘majorincident’.AmajoraccidentnecessarilyentailstheinvokingoftheCOMAHplan. ‘Major accident’ means an occurrence (including in particular, a major emission, fire or explosion) resulting from uncontrolled developments in the course of the operation of any establishment and leading to serious danger to human health or the environment, immediate or delayed, inside or outside the establishment, and involving one or more dangerous substances.
�2.2.3 Enforcingauthorities,includingtheHealthandSafetyExecutive,willneedaccesstosuchlocationsfollowingmajoraccidentsandmayneedtogatherevidence.
12.3 Fire Brigade ‘HAZMAT’ officers
�2.3.� CertainfireofficerswhohavecompletedtheHazardousMaterialandEnvironmentalProtectionCourseattheFireServiceCollegewillbenominatedashazardousmaterials‘HAZMAT’officers.
�2.3.2 ‘HAZMAT’officersarenowmobilisedtoallconfirmedchemicalincidents.TheywillliaisewiththeLondonFireBrigade(LFB)scientificadvisor.AtradiationincidentsHAZMATofficerswillcarryouttheroleofradiationprotectionsupervisorsandtheLFBscientificadvisorwillcarryouttheroleofradiationprotectionadvisorinaccordancewiththeIonisingRadiationRegulations�985.
12.4 Rail incidents – safe systems of work
�2.4.� Thesafetyofpersonnelisparamountwhenworkingonornearthetrack.
�2.4.2 Withrailaccidentstherailinfrastructurecontrollerhasakeyresponsibilityintermsofsitesafety.Theyshouldinteractwiththeemergencyservices.
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�2.4.3 Personnelmustalwayswearhigh-visibilityclothingwhenworkingonornearthetrack.Thenumberofpersonnelworkingatthesceneshouldbekepttoaminimum.
�2.4.4 Therearemanypotentialdangerswhenworkinginarailenvironment.Emergencyservicepersonnelshouldnotgoonornearthelineexceptinanemergency.Servicesshouldfollowexistingagreementswithrailwayoperators.
�2.4.5 Arequestfor‘poweroff’shouldalsoinclude‘trainsstopped’andstatetheareathatthisisrequestedfor.‘Poweroff’avertsthedangerofelectrocution,butitmustberealisedthatmerelyhavingthepowerswitchedoffmaynothavetheeffectofstoppingtrains:
assoonasthepoweristurnedofftrainsoperatedbyelectricitywillcoasttotheneareststation,shouldthesignallingallow;and
diesel-poweredtrains,forexample,arenotdependentonelectricpowerandoftenrunonthesametrackaselectrifiedtrains.
�2.4.6 Arequestfortrainsstoppedand/orpoweroffshouldbepassedthroughtheappropriaterailinfrastructurecontrolviatheemergencyservices’controlroomsortherailincidentofficer(RIO)onsite.Thissamecontrolwillconfirmthattherequesthasbeencarriedout.
�2.4.7 Thereisaneedtobeclearwhichrailorganisationcontrolsthetrackinvolved.NetworkRailcontrolsthelargestamountofrailway,soonNetworkRail-controlledinfrastructureNetworkRailwillbetheleadauthorityfortherailindustryatrailincidentsandwillprotectthesceneinconsultationwiththeemergencyservices.TherailrepresentativeonsiteistheRIO.
�2.4.8 Generally,one,orall,ofthefollowingthreelevelsofcontrolcanbeintroducedasprotectionforthesite:
levelI–slowingtrainsbyrunningthematcaution;
levelII–stoppingtrainsbyuseofsignals;and
levelIII–switchingoffelectricitysupply.
�2.4.9 WithinLondonthereareseveralrailwayoperatingsystems:
NetworkRail/trainoperatingcompanies;(includingtheChannelTunnelRailLink)
LondonUnderground;
DocklandsLightRailway;and
othersystems,e.g.CroydonTramlink.
Itisthereforeessentialthatthoseattendingincidentsareawarewhichofthesystemstheyareattending.
�2.4.�0 Itisobviouslydangeroustogointothevicinityoftherailwaybecauseoftherailwayequipment,electrifiedlines,overheadpowerandthemovementoftrains.
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Safety
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�2.4.�� Automatictrainoperationmaybeoperating,asinthecaseofDocklandsLightRailwayintheareaoftheincident;thereforeitisessentialthattherelevantserviceproceduresarecompliedwith.
12.5 Railway industry
�2.5.� Toensureaneffectiveresponsetoanincidentontherailnetworktheindustrycanprovideinputon:
safetyofpersonnel;
generalsitesafety;
specialistinformationonrollingstockandinfrastructure(tunnels,services,etc.);
specialistinputtoinvestigation;and
recoveryequipmenteitherownedorundercontract.
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13.1 Role
�3.�.� Localauthoritieshaveastatutorydutytohavearrangementsinplacetorespondeffectivelytoanemergency.Thiswillinclude:
providingsupportfortheemergencyservices;
providingsupportandcareforthelocalandwidercommunity;
usingresourcestomitigatetheeffectsofanemergency;and
leadingtherecoverystage.
�3.�.2 Duringamajorincidentlocalauthoritieswillmaintaintheirnormalday-to-dayservicestothelocalcommunity.
�3.�.3 Alllocalauthoritiesemployemergencyplanningofficerswhoareabletoplanforandco-ordinatethelocalauthorityresponsetosuchevents.
13.2 Notification and immediate response
�3.2.� Localauthoritieshavepre-identified24-hourcontactnumberstoinitiateresponses.Localauthoritiestaketimetomobiliseandthereforeearlynotificationisrequired.Constantliaisonwithlocalauthoritieswillbenecessaryastheincidentprogresses.
�3.2.2 LocalauthoritieswillprovidethepersonneltooperateGold,SilverandBronzecommandlevelsasnecessaryandtheirresponsewillnormallyincludetheestablishmentofaBoroughEmergencyControlCentre(BECC),fromwhichthelocalauthorityresponsewillbeco-ordinated.
13.3 Local Authority Liaison Officer (LALO)
�3.3.� TheLALOistherepresentativeoftheaffectedborough,isabletoreacttorequestsforlocalauthorityassistanceandistheon-sceneSilverliaisonpointtothelocalauthorityemergencycontrolcentre.
�3.3.2 TheLALOis:
requiredtoattendSilvermeetingsortheJESCCifestablished,torepresentthelocalauthority;
thelinkbetweentheincidentandtheBECC;and
inpossessionofeffectivecommunicationswithseniorlevelsofthelocalauthority.
13.4 Functions
�3.4.� Itisinthelaterstagesofamajorincident(therecoveryperiodandreturntonormality)thatthelocalauthority’sinvolvementmaybeprolongedandextensive.Theservicesandstaffthelocalauthoritymaybeabletoprovidearebaseduponawiderangeofskillsandresourcesdrawnfromitsday-to-dayoperationssuchas:
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Professional
technicalandengineeringadvice;
buildingcontrol;
highwaysservices;and
publichealthandenvironmentalissues.
Physical resources
provisionofreceptioncentres;
rehousingandaccommodationneeds;and
transport.
caring
socialservices;
psychosocialsupport;
helplines;and
welfareandfinancialneeds.
13.5 Recovery
�3.5.� Astheincidentprogressestowardstherecoveryphase,theemergencyserviceswillneedtoconsideraformalhandovertothelocalauthorityinordertofacilitatetheauthority’sleadingroleinthereturntonormality,therehabilitationofthecommunityandrestorationoftheenvironmentinaccordancewithnon-statutoryguidancetotheCivilContingenciesAct2004(EmergencyResponseandRecovery).
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Local authority assistance
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14.1 Voluntary aid societies (VAS)
�4.�.� TherearenumerousVASwhichcancontributetowardsthesuccessfuloutcomeofanincident.Theirsupportataneventcanoftenalleviatesomepressureonthestatutorybodiesbyprovidinghumanitarianservices.Thisisespeciallysoduringtheconsolidationandrecoveryphaseswhenfire,policeandambulancepersonnelarefullydeployedelsewhere.
�4.�.2 Listedbelowaresomeofthemoreregularlyusedsocietiesundertheemergencyservicethatinitiatesthem.
London fire brigade
SalvationArmy.
London ambulance Service
BritishAssociationofImmediateCare(BASICS);
BritishRedCrossSociety;
StJohnAmbulance;and
SalvationArmy.
Police
Women’sRoyalVoluntaryService(WRVS);and
FirstAidNursingYeomanry(FANY).
OnarrivaltheVASshouldreporttotheSceneAccessControlpriortogoingtotherendezvouspoint.
14.2 Major Incident Multi-faith Plan
�4.2.� TheMajorIncidentMulti-faithPlanhasbeendrawnupinconsultationwiththeLondonEmergencyServicestoenableclergyandrepresentativesofLondoncommunitiestomakeaquickandeffectiveresponseinanymajorincident.Thisplanmustberegardedasaflexibleblueprintandbeadaptedtothedemandsofeachincident.Theplanallowsforfaithcommunitiestoministerandcareforthoseinjuredatthesceneoftheincidentandtooffercareandcomforttofriends,familyandotherscaughtupinthedisaster.
14.3 Utility companies
�4.3.� Theutilitycompaniescanbemobilisedbyanyoftheemergencyservicesandwillnormallybeco-ordinatedbypoliceinthefirstinstance.
�4.3.2 Theyareabletocontrolgas,waterandelectricalsupplies.Theycanalsoprovidecommunicationsfacilities.
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15.1 Introduction
�5.�.� Amajorincidentinvolvingthejointworkoftheemergencyservicesinthecapitalwillinevitablyattractsignificantandsustainedinterestfrombothnationalandinternationalmedia.
�5.�.2 Itisimportantthatindealingwiththedemandsofthemedia,pressofficersfromtheemergencyservicesliaiseandconsulteffectivelywitheachotherwhilstrespectingthedifferingrolesoftheirindividualservices.
�5.�.3 Themediacanbeausefulmechanismtocommunicateessentialadvicetothepublicabouthowtheincidentcouldaffectthemandwhatactionstheycantake.
15.2 Holding statements
�5.2.� Onceamajorincidenthasbeendeclaredalltheemergencyservicesinvolvedwillbeunderpressuretoprovideanimmediatestatement.Attheearliestopportunityaholdingstatementwillbeagreedanddisseminatedbythepolicepressofficer.
�5.2.2 Policepressstaffwillthencontacttheircounterpartsintheotheremergencyservices’pressofficestomakethemawareofthestatementandinturnbeinformedoftheinformationpressofficers/staffarereleasingtothemedia.Careshouldbetakenthatthestatementsarenotcontradictoryanddonotimpingeuponorunderminetheactionsoftheotherservices.
�5.2.3 NoinformationshouldbeprovidedtothenewsmediainrelationtoaterroristincidentwithoutauthorityoftheCounterTerrorismCommand.
15.3 Liaison on scene
�5.3.� Pressofficersattendingthesceneoftheincidentshouldseekouttheircounterpartsattheearliestopportunityandestablishregularliaisonsothatcontentiousorconflictinginformationcanbeclarifiedbeforereleasetothemedia.Thisinformationshouldthenbepassedtotheirindividualpressoffices.
15.4 Other agencies
�5.4.� Ifthelocalauthorityisinvolvedindealingwiththeincidentandsendsapressofficertothescene,heorsheshouldbeincorporatedintothepressofficerliaisonprocess.Alternativelypressofficersfromlocalauthoritiescanliaisebytelephonetobeinformedofanymediastatements,whichhaveadirectbearingontheirorganisation.Similarly,anddependingonthenatureofthemajorincident,policepressofficerswillconsultwiththeircounterpartsatotheragencies.
15.5 Gold and Silver co-ordinating group meetings
�5.5.� Ideally,apolicepressofficerwillattendbothGoldandSilverco-ordinatinggroupmeetings.Likewise,itmayalsobenecessaryforseniorpublicaffairsormediaandcommunicationspersonnelfromtheotheremergencyservicestoattendtheGoldgroupmeetings.ItislikelythatLondonAmbulanceService(LAS)andLondonFireBrigade(LFB)pressofficerswillalsoattendtheSilverco-ordinatinggroupmeetings.
15. Media liaison
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�5.5.2 Thepolicepressofficer–inconsultationwithPoliceGoldorSilver–willtaketheleadonthecontentofsubsequentmediastatementsabouttheincidentasawhole.However,itisimportantthateachemergencyservicehastheopportunitytoensurethatthemediaareawareoftheirfront-linestaff’sactivities.
15.6 Casualty figures
�5.6.� ConfirmedcasualtyfiguresmaybereleasedonlyafterconsultationwithPoliceGoldviahisorherpressofficerorthepressbureau.Itisimportantthatonlyonesetofcasualtyfiguresshouldbereleasedatonetime.Ifthenumberofcasualtiesinvolvedinanincidentrisesoveraperiodoftimethenalltheservices’pressofficersshouldrefrainfromgivingupdatedfiguresuntiltheyhavebeenclearedbyPoliceGold.
�5.6.2 LASpressofficersmayconfirmthegeneralnatureoftypesofinjuries–unlesspolicespecificallyrequestthemnotto–andthehospitalstowhichtheyaretaken,butthenumbersoffatalitiesandthoseseriouslyinjuredshouldonlybegivenwhenclearedbyPoliceGold.
�5.6.3 TheremaybecircumstanceswhenpolicespecificallyrequestLASnottoreleasethenameandlocationofthehospital(s)towhichcasualtieshavebeentaken.Althoughunusual,thiscouldariseinrelationtoallegedcriminals/suspectsandpotentialwitnesses.
15.7 Joint press office
�5.7.� Iftheincidentisofasufficientlyseriousnature,i.e.involvingahighnumberofcasualtiesand/orcontinuingrescueoperationsanditislikelytorunbeyond�2hours,thenconsiderationwillbegiventosettingupajointpressoffice.
15.8 Joint press briefings
�5.8.� IftheemergencyservicesconsideritbeneficialtoholdajointpressbriefingtheseniorpolicepressofficeratthescenewillliaisewiththerelevantSilversandtheirpressofficerstoagreeasuitableformatandidentifyanycontentiousissuesandhowtheycanbedealtwith.
�5.8.2 Thefollowingdivisionofareasofresponsibilityissuggestedforthebriefing.
�5.8.3 Police*–Overallresponsetotheincident;thenumberofcasualties;howtheemergencyservicescoped/arecoping;casualtybureautelephonenumber(ifissued);anycriminalinvestigations(exceptincidentsontherailway);localdisruption(pastandcontinuing);praiseforlocalpeoplewhomayhaveassistedinrescueoperations;heroicactionsbypoliceofficers.
*The City of London Police has mechanisms in place with the MPS, in the event of either a cross-border incident or where assistance is requested from either police service, in relation to staffing casualty bureau or providing operational help. In the event of a major incident there would be full co-operation and assistance to and from the City of London Police.
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�5.8.4 LFB–Therescueoperation;howmanypeopleweretrappedandinwhatcircumstances;thelevelintermsofappliancesandpersonnel;whatequipmentwasneededtofreepeopleand(whererelevant)specificinformationrelatedtoflooding,firesorchemicalincidents;heroicactionsbyfireofficers.
�5.8.5 LAS–Thelevelandseriousnessofinjuries;wherecasualtiesweretaken;howmanyambulancesandmedicalstaffwereinvolved;whetherHEMS(airambulance)wasused;heroicactionsbyambulancepersonnel.
�5.8.6 BritishTransportPolice(BTP)(incidentsonrailwayonly)–Detailsofanycriminalinvestigation;disruptiontotherailway;detailsaboutpotentialpublicinquiries;heroicactionsbyBTPandrailwaystaff.
15.9 Media centres
�5.9.� Iftheincidentisonalargescaleandislikelytoattractasignificantmediapresencefordaysorevenweeks,pressofficersshouldconsiderwhetheritwouldbebeneficialtoestablishamediacentrenearthescene.
�5.9.2 Suchacentregivesjournalistsabasetooperatefrom,shelterfromtheelementsand(ideally)providestoiletandrefreshmentfacilities.Theadvantagestotheemergencyservicesincludeimprovedcommunicationsandspeedyorganisationofbriefingsandinterviews.
�5.9.3 Localauthoritieskeeplistsofavailablebuildingsintheirareasandwillassistinidentifyingasuitablevenuesuchasaschoolorchurchhall,preferablywithalargeexteriorareawhereheavyequipmentsuchasoutsidebroadcastingunitscanbeparked.
15.10 Press debrief
�5.�0.� Headsoftheemergencyservices’mediadepartmentswilldecideiftheincidentwarrantsapost-incidentdebriefwiththerelevantpressofficerswhowereinvolved.Ifsuchadebriefisheld,representativesfromthevariouspressofficesshouldconsiderproducingabriefingnotefortheircolleagues,evaluatingmediacoverageandidentifyingbestpracticeandanylessonsthathavebeenlearnedwhichcouldassistpressofficersattendingsimilarincidentsinthefuture.
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�6.�.� Itistobeexpectedthatanyoccupierofpremiseswithinacordonedarea,betheyresidentialorbusinessoccupiers,wouldwanttogainaccesstotheirpremisesassoonaspossible.Itshouldbenotedthattheterm‘premises’couldbeextendedtoincludeextensivesitesandindustrialareaswhereamajorincidentmayhaveoccurredandaffecteddailybusiness,e.g.railnetworks,chemicalsites,airports.
�6.�.2 Respondingagencieswillwishtorestoreasmuchnormalityaspossibleasquicklyastheycan.
�6.�.3 Theareaaroundamajorincidentisapotentialcrimesceneandthepoliceandotherinvestigatorsneedtocarryoutapainstakingenquirytogainmaterialevidence.Thiscouldtakesometimeand,duringthatperiod,peoplewillbeexcludedfromtheareasothatvitalevidenceisnotlost.
�6.�.4 Damagecausedbytheincidentmaymaketheareaunsafetoenter.ThelocalauthoritywouldexerciseitspowersundertheBuildingActtoremovethoseimminentdangersthatrepresentamajorsafetyhazard.Itmaybeconsideredunsafetoallowownerstomoveinandattempttodealwiththeirpropertiessimultaneously.Insuchcases,intheinterestofpublicsafety,thelocalauthoritymayengageapprovedcontractorstoboardupandcommencerepairwork.
16.2 The inner cordon
�6.2.� Aninnercordonmaywellbeinplaceforaprolongedperiod.However,theboundariescouldberedrawnoncethesearchforevidencehasbeencompleted,buttheimmediateareamaybeoutofboundsfordaysor,insomeinstances,weeks.
�6.2.2 TheLondonFireBrigade(LFB)isresponsibleforsafetywithintheinnercordon.SubjecttoLFBandallrelevantsafetyadvice,policemayallowalimitednumberofpeopletoentertheirpremisestoundertakedamageassessmentorretrievalofsomeitemsforafewminutesorhours.
16.3 The outer cordon
�6.3.� Thepolicewillaimtokeepdrawingintheoutercordonsothat,atanytime,onlyareasthathaveyettobeclearedforsafetyarewithinit.Aspremisesareprogressivelyfreedfromthecordon,occupierswillneedtobeonhandtosecuretheirpremisesassoonastheyarereleased.
�6.3.2 Thepolice,assistedbythelocalauthority,willensurethatoccupierslikelytobeaffectedaregivensufficientadvancenoticeofthemovementofthecordonboundaries.
�6.3.3 during a prolonged incident the redefining of cordon areas will be continually reassessed.
16. Occupiers’ response to an incident
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�7.3.� Atsomestage,whentheincidenthasended,eachoftheservicesandagenciesinvolvedintheincidentwillholdaseriesofoperationaldebriefs.Initiallythesewillbeconfinedtoeachparticularservice,butlateramulti-agencydebriefwillbeheldandlessonslearnedwillbeincorporatedintothisManualandotherservicemanuals,asappropriate.
�7.3.2 Multi-agencydebriefsshouldconsiderthecontributionprovidedbyother,non-emergencyserviceagenciestoexpandtheknowledgeandlearningprocessthatdebriefsshouldcollate.Thisisnotwithstandingthepotentialconflictofinterestthatmayresultinlaterinvestigations.Thisaspectshouldbeconsideredwheninvitingagenciesotherthanemergencyservicestothedebrief.
�7.3.3 Operationaldebriefsshouldnotbeconfusedwithdiffusingwelfaresessionsforstaff,whichshouldformpartofthetraumasupportprogrammesarrangedbyindividualorganisations.
�7.3.4 Thethrustofanysuchdebriefswouldbetoidentifyareasforimprovementinprocedures,equipmentandsystems.Theyshouldnotbeforumsforcriticisingtheperformanceofothers.
�7.3.5 Debriefsshouldnotinterferewithorcommentoninvestigationsintotheincidentcarriedoutbyinvestigativeorjudicialauthorities.
�7.3.6 Itisimportanttorealisethatsuchdebriefsandrelateddocumentswouldbedisclosabletoindividualsinvolvedinlegalproceedings.
17. Debriefing
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�8.�.� Recentincidentshaveshownthatwelfareandtraumasupportshouldbemadeavailabletostaffoforganisationsdeployedinmajorincidentscenarios.Thissupportshouldbeavailablefromtheveryoutsetandearlystagesoftheincidentwhererequired,andifrequestedbyindividualorganisations.Theresponsibilityforidentifyingtheneedforwelfaresupportrestsjointlywiththeindividuals,theirmanagersandthedepartmentwithineachorganisationwithresponsibilityforstaffwelfare.
�8.�.2 Thosewhoareparticularlytraumatisedwillrequireskilledprofessionalhelpandthisisnowprovidedbyalltheservicesinvolved.Arrangementsforthismustbemadeinawaythatensuresconfidentialityandovercomestheculturalresistanceintheemergencyservicestosuchastep.Thesefacilitiesshouldalsobemadeavailabletosupportstaff,eveniftheyarenotdirectlyinvolvedatthescene,e.g.administrationstaff,driversandcommunicationsstaff.
18. Welfare of responders
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Contents
a: chEMIcaL, bIoLogIcaL, radIoLogIcaL and nucLEar (cbrn) dEvIcES . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
A.� Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
b: IncIdEntS on raILWayS (PoLIcE IntEr-SErvIcE co-oPEratIon) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
B.� Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
c: aIrcraft IncIdEntS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
C.� Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
C.2 Specificsitehazards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
C.3 Organisationsinvolved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
C.4 Aircraftincidentcategories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6�
d: rIvEr thaMES IncIdEnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
D.� Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
D.2 Mainfunctionsoftheemergencyservicesandotheragencies..............................63
D.3 Scenemanagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
E: fLoodIng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
E.� Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
E.2 Typesofflooding..................................................................68
E.3 Floodwarnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
E.4 Rolesandresponsibilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
E.5 Planningandresponseissues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
f: MILItary aSSIStancE to a Major London IncIdEnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
F.� References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7�
F.2 Policy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7�
F.3 ThreecategoriesofMACC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7�
F.4 ThreeprinciplesguidingtheprovisionofMACC:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7�
F.5 Authoritytodeploy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7�
F.6 Reactiontoan‘immediateimpact’emergency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
F.7 Generalcapabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
F.8 Reactiontoa‘risingtide’emergency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
F.9 Costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
g: gLoSSary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
h: gLoSSary of MarInE tErMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80
APPENDICES
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A.1 Introduction
A.�.� InrecentyearstherehasbeenanincreasedawarenessofthethreatposedbyaCBRNterroristattack.Itisanticipatedthattheterroristmayuseadevicetoreleasehazardousmaterials.Thethreatfromsuchadeviceissignificant,notonlyasaresultofitsactivationbutalsointhefearandpanicthatitwouldcreatewithinsociety.
A.�.2 ThefollowingarebriefdescriptionsofCBRNdevices:
c – chemical.Thesedeviceswillcontainsomeformofchemicalagent,theeffectsofwhichrangefromcausingwateryeyes,blisteringtotheskinthrough,intheworst-casescenario,toinstantaneousdeath.ExamplesareCS,SarinandMustardGas.
b – biological.Thesedevicescontainsomeformofbiologicalagent.Theeffectsofthistypeofdevicearenotimmediatelyapparentasthebiologicalagentmaytakeanumberofdaysorevenweekstoincubateinaninfectedvictim.However,theresultofexposureandsubsequentinfectioncanrangefromflu-likesymptomsthrough,inextremecases,todeath.Examplesareanthrax,choleraandebola.
r – radiological.Thesedevicesmaycontainaquantityofradioactivematerialasapartofaconventionalexplosivedevice.Ondetonationtheradioactivematerialisspreadoverlargedistances,makingtheareaunsafetohumansuntilithasbeenclearedup.Exposedindividualsarelikelytobeexternallyandinternallycontaminatedwithradioactivematerial.Dependingonthereceiveddosetheremaybeshort-term(e.g.radiationsickness)andlong-term(e.g.cancer)effectsfromsuchanexposure.
n – nuclear.Thesedevicestakeconsiderablescientificexpertisetocreateandthemostlikelysourceofsuchadeviceistheexistingnuclearstockpileacrosstheworld.
A.�.3 Thepresenceofaradiologicalornucleardevicecaneasilybedetectedbyequipmentthatmeasuresradiationlevels,evenbeforethedevicehasdetonated.Surveymetersandelectronicpersonaldosemetersareexamplesofsuchequipment.
A.�.4 Thepresenceofchemicalorbiologicalagentsishardertodetectpriortorelease.However,onceactivated,theeffectsofachemicaldevicearelikelytocreateanimmediatereactionfromthevictims.Inthecaseofabiologicaldevicetheeffectswillnotbeimmediatelyvisibleafteractivation.
A.�.5 AnLESLPresponseinlinewiththeprocedurelaidoutinthisManualwillberequiredforbothpre-andpost-activationofasuspectedCBRNdevice.Allthreeemergencyserviceshavepersonnelwhohavebeentrainedandequippedtodealwiththespecialistresponsethatisrequiredforsuchanincident.
A.�.6 ThemainfunctionsoftheemergencyservicesandotheragenciesataCBRNincidentarethesameasthoselaidoutinSection3ofthisManual.However,boththeLondonAmbulanceService(LAS)andLondonFireBrigade(LFB)haveadditionalresponsibilitiesspecifictothedecontaminationprocess.
Appendix A: Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) devices
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a.1.7 definition of decontamination
decontamination istheprocedureemployedtoremovehazardousmaterialsfrompeopleandequipment.
clinical decontamination isthemedicalproceduretotreatpatientsaffectedbyorcontaminatedwithhazardousmaterials.TheprioritisationofcasualtiespriortodecontaminationrequirestheinputofspecialistNationalHealthService(NHS)staff.
Emergency decontamination isaprocedurecarriedoutwhentimedoesnotallowforthedeploymentofspecialistNHSresourcesanditisjudgedasimperativethatdecontaminationofpeopleiscarriedoutassoonaspossible.Improvisedequipmentmaybeusedinlieuofdedicatedfacilitieswhereitisimperativetoremovehazardousmaterialassoonaspossible.Itisrecognisedbyallagenciesthattheimplementationofemergencydecontaminationmaycarryriskstocertaingroups,forexample,theelderly,theinfirmandtheinjured.Irrespectiveofwhichagencycommencesdecontamination,theprocessshouldfallundertheclinicalcontroloftheNHSassoonaspracticabletoensurethesafemanagementofcasualties.
Mass decontamination istheproceduretodecontaminatepeoplewhentheNHS,ortheLASonitsbehalf,hasidentifiedtotheLFBthatthenumberrequiringdecontaminationhasoverwhelmed,orthreatenstooverwhelm,theHealthService’scapacity.ItmaybefortheLFBtoinitiatemassdecontaminationprocedurespriortothearrivaloftheNHSorincircumstanceswherespecialistNHSresourcesarenotimmediatelyavailable.Thismaybecarriedoutbyimprovisingwithavailableequipmentandfacilitiesuntildedicatedsupportingfacilitiescanberesourced.Itwillbeimportanttoestablishbasictriagearrangements,involvingbothLASandLFBpersonnel,assoonaspossible.
Appendix A: Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) devices
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B.1 Introduction
B.�.� ThefollowingsectionoutlinesanagreementthathasbeenreachednationallybetweenBritishTransportPolice(BTP)andallHomeOfficeforces.Itrepeatsprinciplesofresponsibilitywhichhaveworkedwellinthepast,butwhichshouldbeconsideredflexibleascircumstancesdemand.
B.�.2 Allofficersarrivingatthescenewillreporttotheseniorofficerpresent.Thatofficer,whetherfromBTP,MetropolitanPoliceService(MPS)orCityofLondonPolice(COLP)willperformthefunctionofPoliceSilver.WherethefirstsupervisortoarriveisfromtheMPSorCOLP,itisrecommendedthatthefirstBTPofficertoarrivebeappointedasliaisonofficer,wheretheirspecialistknowledgewillproveuseful.
B.�.3 ItisessentialthatthepoliceresponsebythelocalforceandBTPisco-ordinatedsothattherearenowastedresourcesorduplicationofroles.
B.�.4 ThefirstofficerofInspectorrankorabovefromeitherforcewillassumetheroleofSilver,takingresponsibilityfortheinitialco-ordinationanddeploymentofresourcesfromeachforce.
B.�.5 Onthearrivaloftheircounterpartfromtheotherforcetheywillworktogetherformingateamthatensurestheresources,equipmentandcommunicationsofbothforcesareusedinthemosteffectiveway.
B.�.6 Inbroadterms,theresponsibilityofeachforceis:
BTPon-site,
MPSor
COLPoff-site.
Thespecificresponsibilitiesbelowaresuggestedasaguideanditisemphasisedthatjustaseachincidentandtheresourcesavailablewillbedifferentineachcasesoflexibility,discussionandmutualco-operationareessentialtoensuretheco-ordinatedresponsediscussedearlier.
B.�.7 TheLFBhasaccesstoChannel5communicationsonallsub-surfacerailwaynetworks,whichcanbemadeavailableforusebyotheremergencyservices.
•
•
•
Appendix B: Incidents on railways (police inter-service co-operation)
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Police responsibilities: Incidents on railways
responsibility force
OverallIncidentCommander(Gold) HomeOfficeforcewithBTPseniorofficerworkinginconjunctionadvisingonBTP/railwaymattersandpresentatco-ordinatinggroupmeetings
Investigation Exceptinthecaseofterrorismormurder,BTPwillberesponsibleforinvestigatingtheincident.Whereanincidentisofsuchmagnitudeortherearespecialreasonswherebyajointteamshouldbeformed,thiswillbedoneafterdiscussionsbetweenseniorofficersofbothforces
Innercordonandmattersonrailwayproperty BTP
Outercordon MPS/COLP
Removalofbodies Theremovalofallbodiesfromthescenemustbeco-ordinatedbyMPSorCOLP,whicheverserviceeffectstheremoval
Mortuary MPS/COLP
Casualtybureauandidentification MPS/COLP–BTPliaison
Propertyofdeceased MPS/COLP
Propertyfromscene BTP
Press/media Jointresponsethroughco-ordinatinggroup
Traffic(road) MPS/COLP
Hospitaldocumentation MPS/COLPwithBTPassistanceifnecessary
Appendix B: Incidents on railways (police inter-service co-operation)
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C.1 Introduction
C.�.� Amajorairincidentisbyitsverynatureanextremelysuddenandcatastrophicevent,placingalltheorganisationsconcernedwiththeresponseunderintensepressure.Thescaleofsucheventsmeanstheireffectsoftencrossadministrativeboundariesandinvolveamassiveandlengthyrecoveryoperation.
C.�.2 MajorincidentsinvolvingaircraftthatoccurwithinairfieldboundarieswillinvolvealocalresponsebaseduponCivilAviationAuthoritydirections.
C.2 Specific site hazards
C.2.� Amajorairaccidentwillproduceatoxicenvironmentatthesceneandallservicesrespondingshouldbeawareoftheneedforextraattentiontotheidentificationofpotentialhazardsandtheprotectionoftheirstaff.Acrashedaircraftshouldbeapproachedfromanupwinddirectionwhetherthereisafireornot,duetothepotentialspreadoftoxicsubstances.
C.2.2 InadditiontotheLondonFireBrigade,boththeAirAccidentsInvestigationBranch(AAIB)andRAF/RNareabletoadviseonpotentialhazardsfromcrashedaircraftandthematerialspresentinspecificaircrafttypes.TheRAFAircraftRecoveryandTransportationFlight(ARTF)atRAFStAthan,Wales,canprovidetherelevantinformationformilitaryfixedwingaircraft,whiletheRNMobileAircraftSupportUnitatRNAYFleetlands,Gosport,canprovidesimilarinformationformilitaryhelicopters.ThisinformationcanalsobeobtainedviatheAeronauticalRescueCoordinationCentreatRAFKinloss.Theycanfaxhazardinformationtoanyemergencyserviceonrequest.
C.3 Organisations involved
air accidents Investigation branch
C.3.� TheAAIBinvestigatesallcivilaircraftaccidentsthatoccurintheUKandhelpsintheinvestigationofmilitaryaccidentsattherequestoftheMinistryofDefence.ThereareanumberofstatutorypowersassociatedwiththisrolethroughtheCivilAviation(InvestigationofAccidents)Regulations�989.TheseregulationsgavetheAAIBpowersofinvestigationrelatingtothemanagementofthescene.CloseliaisonbetweentheAAIBinvestigatorsandtheemergencyservicesatthesceneisessentialattheearliestpossibleopportunity.
C.3.2 ThepolicewillberesponsibleforcontactingtheAAIBonbeinginformedofanincident.TheinitialAAIBresponsetoamajorairaccidentwillconsistofasmallteamofpilotsandengineerswhowillworkwithRAFpathologists,wherenecessary.Thepoliceinvestigationwillbecarriedoutincloseco-operationwiththeAAIB.
british airways’ Emergency Procedures Information centre (EPIc)
C.3.3 EPICactsasacentralairlineinformationco-ordinatingpoint.Itcollatesinformationfromairlineservicesworldwide,includingdetailsofallpassengers,crewandbaggage.MostairlinesoperatingthroughtheUKsubscribetoEPIC,whichissituatedatHeathrow.
Appendix C: Aircraft incidents
C
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6�
C.3.4 EPICactsasaninformationcentrefollowinganincidentandhandlesalargenumberoftelephonecallsthatmightotherwisebedirectedtothePoliceCasualtyBureau.EPICdocumentationisidenticaltotheNationalCasualtyBureaupaperworktoeaseenquiries.
royal air force
C.3.5 TheRAFwilldealwithpost-crashrecoveryforallmilitaryfixed-wingaircraftaccidentsandhasthecapabilitytohelpwithcivilianincidents,whererequested,particularlywithwreckageremovalinlinewithAAIBguidance.TheunitinvolvedistheARTF,basedatRAFStAthaninWales.RAFsearchandrescue(SAR)resourcesmaybealertedbycallingtheAirRescueCo-ordinationCentre(Kinloss)dutyofficer.
royal navy
C.3.6 TheRNwilldealwithallmilitaryrotary-wingaircraftcrashes.TheunitistheMobileAircraftSupportUnitbasedatRNAYFleetlands,Gosport,Hants.
C.4 Aircraft incident categories
C.4.� Inorderfortheemergencyservicesandaerodromeauthoritiestounderstandthenatureofanemergency,theyhavedefinedthefollowingcategoriesforuseduringaprescribedincident.Slightlocalvariationsbetweenaerodromesmayexist,thoughthebroadoutlineofthedefinitionremainsthesame.AirTrafficControl(ATC)willusuallymaketheinitialdecisiononthecategoryofemergency.Subjecttothreatassessmentbythepoliceandaerodromeauthoritytheremaybeoccasionswhenaresponsetoabombwarningisrequiredtoanaircrafteitherintheair,onthegroundorontheaerodromepremises.
full emergency
C.4.2 WhenATCknowsorsuspectsthatanaircraftinflightisindifficultywhich,ifaggravated,couldresultinanaccident.
aircraft ground incident
C.4.3 WhenATCbecomesawareorsuspectsthatanaircraftonthegroundisinvolvedinanincidentofalessernaturethananaircraftaccident.Theincidentmayhavecausedaircraftdamage,orhavethepotentialtoresultinaircraftdamageorputthepassengersandcrewatrisk.
aircraft accident imminent
C.4.4 WhenATCconsidersanaircraftaccidentisinevitable,eitheronorinthevicinityoftheairport.
aircraft accident
C.4.5 WhenATCbecomesawarethatanaircraftaccidenthasoccurredontheairportorwithintheairportboundary.
Appendix C: Aircraft incidents
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aircraft accident off-airport
C.4.6 WhenATCbecomesawarethatanaircraftaccidenthasoccurredbeyondtheairfieldboundary.
full emergency hijack
C.4.7 WhereATCbecomesawarethatapersononanaircraft,bytheuseofforceorthreatofanykind,intendstoseizetheaircraftorexercisescontrolofit.
act of aggression
C.4.8 Anactofterrorism,armedattack,bombattack,hostagesituation(otherthanhijackonanaircraft)orothersimilaractsofterrorismistakingorhastakenplaceonoradjacenttotheaerodromeboundary.
Appendix C: Aircraft incidents
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D.1 Introduction
D.�.� ThereareseveraluniquefeaturesrelatingtothemanagementofanincidentontheriverThames,thereforespecialproceduresapplytomajorincidentsonthetidalriverThames,itscreeksandtributaries.
D.�.2 ThePortofLondonAuthority(PLA)isthestatutoryharbourauthorityforthetidalThamesandisresponsiblefor,inter-alia,facilitatingnavigationalsafetythroughtheregulationofmarineoperationsandtheprovisionofnavigationalinformationandadvice.
D.�.3 TherearesixteenriparianLondonboroughsplustheCityofLondonCorporation(detailsoflocalauthorityassistancearecontainedwithinSection�3).
D.�.4 AcentrelinealongtheriverThamesactsasanadministrativeboundarybetweenadjacentboroughsonthenorthandsouthbanks.AnyincidentoccurringontheriveristhereforelikelytoaffecttwoormoreLondonboroughsand/ortheCityofLondon.
D.2 Main functions of the emergency services and other agencies
d.2.1 hM coastguard
D.2.�.� LondonCoastguard(LCG)willberesponsiblefortheco-ordinationofSearchandRescue(SAR)ontheriverThamesbetweenTeddingtonandCanveyIsland.ThisincludestheactivationanddeploymentofcivilSARresponsetovesselsorpersonsinneedofassistance.
D.2.�.2 ThroughouttheinitialphaseofanincidentHMCoastguardwillmaketacticaldecisionsinrelationtoSAR.
D.2.�.3 ThiswillincludeidentifyingwhichCasualtyLandingPoints(CLP)aremostappropriate.TheywillberesponsibleforcommunicatingCLPlocationstootheragencies.
d.2.2 royal national Lifeboat Institution (rnLI)
D.2.2.� TheRNLI’sprimaryareaofresponsibilityistherescueofpersonsindistress.TheyhavepermanentlystaffedstationsontheriverThames,atGravesend,WaterlooPierandChiswick,eachhavingonefullycrewedlifeboatonstand-by24hoursaday.InadditionafourthstationatTeddingtoniscrewedbyvolunteerswhoareavailable24hoursaday.Theyareco-ordinatedbyLCG.
d.2.3 Metropolitan Police – Marine Support unit (MSu)
D.2.3.� MSUoperatesa24-hourresponsefromitsbaseatWapping,althoughitcanbeassigneddirectfromInformationRoom(IR)intheeventofariverincident.InaSARsituationitandotherrescuecraftareco-ordinatedbyLCG.
D.2.3.2 TheMSUwill,duringtheearlystagesofanyincident,alsoberesponsibleforliaisonbetweenLCGandtheMPSSpecialOperationsRoom(SOR/GT).
D.2.3.3 Land-basedpolice:see3.2.
Appendix D: River Thames incident
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d.2.4 London fire brigade
D.2.4.� TheLFBhastworapidresponsevessels,whichoperate24hours.DuringaSARincidenttheyareco-ordinatedbyLCG.
D.2.4.2 Land-basedfireresponse:see3.3.
d.2.5 London ambulance Service
D.2.5.� Land-basedLondonAmbulanceService:see3.4.
D.2.5.2 InadditionarepresentativefromtheLASwillliaisewithpoliceinrelationtoissuesconnectedwithCLPsandcasualtyclearance.
d.2.6 Port of London authority
D.2.6.� PLAHarbourServicecraftoperateonthetidalriverThamesfromthelowerreachesinKentandEssextoTeddingtonandhavea24-hourcapabilitybelowPutney.Salvage,divingandhydrographicresourcesarebasedatGravesend.
D.2.6.2 TheHarbourMasterhasextensivestatutorypowerstoregulaterivertrafficandtheuseoftheriverbythepublicinanemergencysituation,andwillberesponsiblefortheco-ordinationofallnon-SARincidentswithinPortLimits.
D.2.6.3 LondonVesselTrafficService(LondonVTS),operatedbythePLA,willmaintainthesafetyofnavigationoutsideandaroundtheareaofamajorincident,ifnecessaryimplementingariverclosureoranexclusionzone.LondonVTSprovidesfacilitiesforLCGatWoolwich.
d.2.7 Environment agency
D.2.7.� UpstreamofTeddingtonLocktheriverisnon-tidalandtheEnvironmentAgencyisthenavigationauthority.ThisappendixonlydetailsSOPsforthetidalriverThames,downstreamofTeddington.
d.2.8 assistance of other vessels
D2.8.� Thereisastatutorydutyonthemasterofavesseltogototheassistanceofanothervesselorpersonindistress.Publicinvolvementmaythusplayagreaterrolethanwouldotherwisebeexpectedinaland-basedincident.LCGwouldco-ordinateanysuchassistance.
D.3 Scene management
d.3.1 cordons
D.3.�.� PLA,inconsultationwiththeMSUandLCG,willimplementariverclosureorexclusionzoneandmaintainsafetyofnavigationaroundtheincident.MSU(BronzeRiver)willberesponsibleforpolicingtheincident/crimesceneafterlife-savingissuesarecompleted.
D.3.�.2 Duetothenatureofthetidetheincident/crimescenemaymove.
Appendix D: River Thames incident
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D.3.�.3 Landsidecordonswillbeimplementedbypoliceandshouldreflectanymovementofrivercordons.Theywillbeunderthecontroloftherespectiveland-basedsectorBronze.
d.3.2 rendezvous points (rvP)
D.3.2.� RVPsinrelationtoincidentsontheriverwillbedesignatedbypoliceoncethelocationofCLPsareestablished.
D.3.2.2 ConsiderationshouldbegiventoutilisingoneRVPoneachbankoftheriver.
d.3.3 casualty Landing Points
D.3.3.� AccesstotheriverThamesislimited,particularlyatlowtide,andconsequentlyCLPshavebeenidentified.Thesepointsarelistedandcopiessuppliedtoallemergencyservices,riveragenciesandriparianboroughs.Theyhavebeenselectedsothatanycasualty,nomatterhowserioushis/herinjury,canbelandedatanystateofthetide.CLPsareaccessiblebyroadandaregenerallypiers.
D.3.3.2 WhenaSARincidentoccursontheriver,LCGwillidentifythelocationanddesignatesuitableCLPs,consultingifnecessarywiththeotheremergencyservicesandthePLA.TheCLPsmustbeprotectedbyland-basedpoliceresources.
D.3.3.3 AnambulanceofficerwillattendaCLPinordertokeepambulancecontrolup-to-datewiththenumberandconditionofcasualties.
D.3.3.4 ConsiderationmaybegiventoutilisingCLPsonbothsidesoftheriver.
d.3.4 joint Emergency Services control centre (jEScc)
D.3.4.� Duetotidaleffectstheincidentscenemaymove.Itmaybenecessaryinaprotractedincidenttoaltercordonsandaccesspointsastimepasses.ThereforethepositioningofJESCCmustbeselectedwithcare,asitwillnotbepracticaltomoveitoncesetup.
D.3.4.2 TheofficerofeachservicenominatedtoperformthefunctionofSilverwillnormallyoperatefromtheland-basedJESCC,althoughitmaybeconsideredusefulforthemtoboardoneofthevesselstoobtainafirst-handviewofthescene.Theco-ordinatinggroupvisitingthescenecollectivelymaybestachievethis.
D.3.4.3 Duetotheabove-mentioneddifficulties,considerationshouldbegiventoestablishingtheJESCCattheMPSSOR(currentlyreferredtoasGT),oratLondonVTSEmergencyResponseCentre.
D.3.4.4 Intheeventofamajorincidentontheriver,thePLAandHMCoastguardwouldeachsendaliaisonofficertotheJESCC.
Appendix D: River Thames incident
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d.3.5 ‘on-scene’ co-ordinator
D.3.5.� Onevessel,aswellasassistingwiththeincident,wouldnormallyundertakethefunctionof‘on-sceneco-ordinator’,reportingbacktoLCGforSARco-ordination.EachvesselwillmaintaincontactwithLCGonthededicatedMarineSARchannelandwithitsownservicecontrol.
D.3.5.2 Theon-sceneco-ordinatingvesselandtheouterrivercordonvesselshould,ideally,beclearlydistinguishablefromothervesselsbyusingblueflashinglights;othervesselswithintheexclusionzoneshouldnotusebluelights.
d.3.6 Scene access control
D.3.6.� River-basedunitsdeployedwithintheexclusionzonewillbeloggedbyLCG.OtherrivertrafficwillbeexcludedbybothLondonVTSandvesselsenforcingriverclosures.
D.3.6.2 Land-basedpoliceareresponsibleformaintainingland-basedcordonsandconsideringthechangingnatureoftheforeshoreduetotidalflow.
d.4.1 additional command and control issues
D.4.�.� BronzewillcontrolanddeploytheresourcesofitsrespectiveservicewithinageographicalsectororspecificroleandimplementthetacticsdefinedbySilver.ThereforeconsiderationshouldbegiventoutilisingtheBronzestructurementionedbelowandwherenecessaryutilisingsupplementaryBronzes.
D.4.�.2 BronzeRiver–willberesponsibleforthedeploymentoftheirrespectiveresourceswithintheriversector.
D.4.�.3 BronzeNorth/South–Itislikelythatland-basedresourceswillattendtheincidentsfrombothsidesoftheriverandthereforeeachservicerespondingtoariver-basedincidentshouldconsiderutilisingaBronzeforbothnorthandsouthbanksoftheriverThames.
d.5.1 communications
D.5.�.� LCGOperationsRoomisco-locatedwithLondonVTSattheThamesBarrierNavigationCentre,WoolwichwithPLAVTSoperations.ItshouldbenotedthatLCGisasingle-personoperatorstation,andintheeventofamajorincidenttheywill,intheinitialstages,concentrateonthetacticaldeploymentofrescuecraft.ImmediatesupportviaalinkisavailabletoLCGfromThamesCoastguardatWaltonontheNaze.
D.5.�.2 Rescuevesselswillbedeployedandco-ordinateddirectfromLCGatLondonVTSusingdedicatedMarineBandVHFradioonChannelZero.ThischannelisfittedtoalldeclaredsearchandrescuecraftincludingMetropolitanPoliceService,MSUandLondonFireBrigade(LFB)vessels.
Appendix D: River Thames incident
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D.5.�.3 LCGradiocontactwithland-basedpoliceunitscanbeenabledviatheMETRADIO‘RoyalNationalLifeboatInstitution’channel,whichislinkedviaInformationRoomorGT.ThelinkcanbeopenedwithanyMetropolitanPoliceTalkGrouponrequest.
D.5.�.4 ThePLAcommunications(LondonVTS)areMarineVHFradio,andincludeChannel�4fornavigationalpurposes,andtheinternationaldistressfrequencyChannel�6.
D.5.�.5 LondonVTSbroadcastsnavigationalinformationtoallrivercraft,andintheeventofamajorincidentinstructionsandinformationwouldbetransmittedbythismeans.
D.5.�.6 InformationRoomorGT,LondonAmbulanceServiceControl,LFBControlandMSUWappingallhavedirectlinetelephonelinkswithLCG.LCGisequippedwithMETphonefacilities.
Appendix D: River Thames incident
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E.1 Introduction
E.�.� Theeffectsofclimatechangemeanthatfloodingislikelytobecomeanincreasinglycommonevent,whichcouldaffectbothurbanandruralpartsofLondon.FloodingmaybelocalisedbutoccursimultaneouslyacrossLondon,amountingtoaseriesofmajorincidents,whichmaybeshorttermorprotracted.RiversareclassifiedbytheEnvironmentAgencyasmainriversandordinarywatercourses.TheEnvironmentAgencyisresponsibleforthefloodpreventionmeasuresonmainrivers.Ordinarywatercoursesaretheresponsibilityofvariousbodiessuchaslocalauthoritiesandotherlandowners.
E.2 Types of flooding
E.2.� Therearefourtypesofflooding,theresponsestowhicharesimilar:
fluvial;
tidal;
flashfloods;and
burstwatermains.
E.3 Flood warnings
E.3.� TheEnvironmentAgencyisonlyresponsiblefortheissueoffloodwarningsinrespectofmainrivers.Thesewarningsarecategorisedas:
Floodwatch;
Floodwarning;
Severefloodwarning;and
Allclear.
E.3.2 Thesewarningsaresentbyfaxtotheemergencyservices,localauthoritiesandotherprofessionalpartners.ThedefinitionsandactionsrequireduponreceiptofsuchwarningsaretobefoundintheLocalFloodWarningplanandthestrategydocument.Warningsarealsosentbyvariousmeanstopeopleinthelikelyaffectedarea.FurtherinformationcanbeobtainedonFloodLine0845 988 1188.
E.3.3 TheMetOfficeissueswarningsofsevereweather,whichgivewarningofthepossibilityoffloodingfromothersources.
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Appendix E: Flooding
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E.4 Roles and responsibilities
E.4.� ThefollowingareinadditiontotherolesandresponsibilitiesmentionedthroughoutthisManual.
Police
Intheeventoftheagreedproceduresforwarningandinformingcommunitiesatrisknotbeingeffective,then,wherepracticable,assistancewillbegiven.
fire brigade
Givesassistancewithpumpingoperations,dependingonthesituationprevailingatthetime,prioritybeinggiventocallswherefloodinginvolvesarisktolife,offireorexplosionandtocallsfromhospitals,residentialhomesfortheelderly,publicutilitiesandfoodstoragedepots.Toassistotherrelevantagencies,particularlythelocalauthority,tominimisetheeffectsofmajorfloodingonthecommunity.
ambulance
TheLondonAmbulanceService(LAS)maybecomeinvolvedintheevacuationofvulnerablepersonsandsupportingthelocalauthority.ItshouldbenotedthattheLASdoesnotpossessanywaterborneresponsecapability.
Local authority
ProvisionofgeneraladviceandinformationinsupportoftheEnvironmentAgencytothepubliconfloodpreventionmeasuresandenvironmentalhealthissues.
LondonBoroughsmayalsoprovidefurtherassistancetothepublicifresourcespermit,i.e.drying-outfacilities,provision,fillingorplacingofsandbagswheredangerisforeseen.
Jointagencyco-ordinationofnon-lifethreateningfloodsandoftherecoveryphasefollowingafloodingincident.
Appendix E: Flooding
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E.5 Planning and response issues
E.5.� Inrespondingtothefloodingincidentsthefollowingshouldbeconsidered,particularlyintheplanningstages:
riskassessment;
dangerfromflowingwater(speed,force,currents,undertow)andsubmergedhazards;
localauthorityliaisonofficersforresponseandmonitoringpurposes;
equipmentandtraininginitsuse(e.g.accesstoboatsforsuitablytrained personnelfootwear,buoyancyaids,safetylines,flood-plainmaps,localknowledgeoffloodeffects);
trafficdiversionplanwithsignlocations(see Section 67, Road Traffic Regulation Act, 1984);
PoliceMarineSupportUnit,PortofLondonAuthority,RNLI;
militaryassistance(e.g.sandbagging,specialistvehicles,etc.,seeAppendixF);
vulnerablepersons(e.g.children,disabled,etc.);
vulnerablepremises(e.g.occupiedbasements,electricalinstallations,sub-levelcarparks,etc.);
contaminatedwater(hazardtorescueservicesaswellasthepublic);
suppliesofdrinkingwater;
guidanceandhealthadviceleaflets,newsletter,helpline,etc.;
earlyappointmentofafloodrecoverygroup;and
restcentres–establishmentandtransport.
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Appendix E: Flooding
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F.1 References
Operations in the UK: The Defence Contribution to Resilience – IJDP 02.
OpSEQUESTERI&II–Edition3–Jul2006:HQ LONDIST contingency plan for General Duties Military Support to the Civil Authorities in London.
LondonCommandandControlProtocol–May2006.
F.2 Policy
F.2.� MilitaryAidtotheCivilAuthorities(MACA)withintheUKissubdividedinto:
Military Aid to other Government Departments(MAGD).Forexample,FireStrike2002/3,andFootandMouthDisease200�
Military Aid to the Civil Power (MACP).Forexample,DeploymentoftroopstoHeathrow2002andNorthernIreland�969-
Military Aid to the Civil Community(MACC).Flooding2000.Foramajorimmediateimpactevent,themostlikelyassistanceisunarmedmilitarymanpowerforgeneraldutiestasks.
F.3 Three categories of MACC
F.3.� CatA–EmergencyAssistancetotheCivilAuthoritiesintimeofemergencysuchasnaturaldisastersormajoremergencies.ThismightinvolvethemilitarycontingencyplancalledOpSEQUESTERtodeploytroopsatshortnotice.
F.3.2 CatB&C–RoutineAssistanceandAttachmentofVolunteersarenotapplicableinamajorincidentinLondon.
F.4 Three principles guiding the provision of MACC:
Militaryassistanceshouldalwaysbethelastresort.Itmusthavebeendemonstratedthattheuseofmutualaid,otherorganisationsandtheprivatesectorareimpossibleorunsuitable.
TheCivilAuthoritieslacktherequiredlevelofcapabilityanditisunreasonabletoexpectthemtodevelopone.
TheCivilAuthorityhasthecapability,buttheneedtoactisurgentandthereisanimmediatelackofCivilResourcesavailable.
F.5 Authority to deploy
F.5.� Militaryresourcesarenotspecificallysetasideforassistinginanemergency,soanyassistancewilldependonwhatassetsareavailableatthetime.Involvementbythemilitarychain-of-commandandDefenceMinisterialapprovalisnecessaryforassetstobedeployed.
F.5.2 ArmedForcessupportmustalwaysbeatthespecificrequestoftheCivilAuthoritiesandinalmostallcircumstancesrequiresthespecificauthorisationofDefenceMinisters.IntheeventofaMACCCatAevent–emergencyassistance,theGeneralOfficerCommanding
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Appendix F: Military assistance to a major London incident
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LondonDistricthastheauthoritytodeploypersonnelunderhiscommandimmediatelywithoutreferencetohighercommandiftheycanbeimmediatelyhelpfulinalleviatingdistressandsavinglivesandproperty.
F.6 Reaction to an ‘immediate impact’ emergency
F.6.� Foran‘immediateimpact’event,HQLondonDistrictwillappointaJoint(tri-Service)MilitaryLiaisonOfficer(JRLO)whowillattendtheStrategicCo-ordinationCentre(SCC),ifformed,andwillprovideasinglepointofcontactforMilitaryAidrequests(exceptSpecialForces).AllrequestsshouldbemadethroughtheChairoftheGoldCo-ordinatingGroup(GCG)forconsiderationbyHQLondonDistrictOperationsCentreandtheMilitarychain-of-command.
F.6.2 Somenichecapabilities,suchasengineers,aviationandbombdisposal,arealreadyusedandtheirtaskingandcapabilitiesarewellunderstoodbytheMPS.
F.7 General capabilities
F.7.� Abletoprovidethemilitarycommand,controlandcommunicationsbasedonHQLONDISTenablinga24/7capability,inordertosuperviseandcarryouttasksinsupportofandinco-ordinationwiththeemergencyservicesandlocalauthorities.
F.7.2 Abletobelogisticallyself-supporting.
F.7.3 Abletobeflexibleandresponsive,butoperateonlywithinowncapabilities.
F.7.4 ManpowerforunarmedgeneraldutiesmightbemadethroughOpSEQUESTERforthecrisisandconsequencemanagementphasesofamajor‘immediateimpact’emergency.Thesetasksmightinclude:
Reconnaissance.Deploymentofsmallcommandteamstoassisttheemergencyservicesindeterminingtheextentof,andmonitoringanincident.
Publiccontrol.AssistancetoMPSincontrollingaccessandcrowdmanagement,butshortofinvolvementinmaintenanceof‘publicorder’whichremainsapoliceresponsibility.
Evacuation.Assistthepoliceinthecontrolorchannellingoflargenumbersofpublicintheincidentarea.
Routeguidance.Identificationandsecuringofsaferoutesaroundtheincidentarea.
Cordons.Provisionofmanpowerforcordons.Apolicepresencewouldbeexpectedperhapsonaratioof�:5soldiers.
Accesscontrol.AssistingpolicecontrolatRV/accesspoints.ProvidemarshalstocontrolorchannellargenumbersofpeopleinparticularatRVsandaccesspoints.
Mediahandling.Assistinhandlingthemediaandothernon-governmentalagencies.
StoresprotectionandDistribution.Assistinprotectingandtransportingstoresandsuppliesincludingmedicines.
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Appendix F: Military assistance to a major London incident
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Keyinstallations.Supportingthepolicetopreventlootingandtheft,particularlyifkeyinstallationsaredirectlyaffectedbytheincident.
Masscasualties.Personnelmayberequiredtogivelimitedemergencyfirstaid,stretcherevacuation,aidtowalkingwounded,locating,securingandmarkingbodiesorbodyparts,andsupporttothemedicalservicestoenableaccessandevacuation.
Engineeringtasks.ThecivilandlocalauthoritieswillretaintheleadonanycivilengineeringtasksbutmaybesupportedbyRoyalEngineerassetsifavailable.Troopsmaybetaskedtoprovideassistancewithsitesearchandsafetychecks,provisionoffloodorwaterdefencesandtheuseofboats,assistancewiththeremovalofdebrisfromareaswherepeoplemightbetrappedorwherekeyfacilitiesareburied.
Temporaryaccommodation.Secure,organise,andcontrolemergencyortemporaryaccommodation.
Waterandfeedingpoints.Inadditiontointegralcateringandwater,supporttroopsmaybeaskedtomanandcontrolfeedingpointsandwaterpointsatthesiteandassistwiththesupplyoffoodtoareasoftheincident.
Restcentres.Assistlocalauthoritiesinmanagingpremisesdesignatedfortemporaryaccommodationforrefugees.
F.7.5 Troopswillalwaysdeployasaself-containedformedbodyundercommandofanOfficerorNon-Commissioned-Officer(NCO)throughouttheperiodofmilitaryinvolvement.Theywillinitiallyreporttoandworkunderthedirectionoftheemergencyservices’Bronzecommander.ALiaisonOfficerwillalsodeployasthemilitarypointofcontactatGold,SilverandBronze.
F.7.6 Aftertheimmediateresponsetoanincident,itislesslikelythatthemilitarywouldbemadeavailableduringtheConsequenceandRecoveryphaseofanemergency.However,thesamecaveatswouldapplyshouldtheRCCCseeksupport.
F.8 Reaction to a ‘rising tide’ emergency
F.8.� ThisismorelikelytobeaMAGDengagement.Ontheoutsetofa‘risingtide’emergency,militaryadviceshouldbesoughtfromHQLondonDistrictatHorseGuards,Whitehall,throughtheOperationsOfficerortheJRLOs.Whileinformaldiscussionandcontingencyplanningmaytakeplaceatalocallevel,theCivilAuthoritymustsubmitaformalrequest,throughtheHomeOfficetotheMODformilitaryaidbeforethechain-of-commandwilltakeaction.
F.8.2 RequestsforMACAsupportshouldbesubmittedingoodtimeandshouldarticulateclearlynotonlytheeffectrequired,butalsowhymilitaryresourcesareneededtoachieveit.
F.9 Costs
F.9.� DefenceFundsaregrantedforDefencePurposes.WhereworkisdonebytheArmedForcesforotherpurposes,theMODisrequiredby‘TreasuryRules’tosecurereimbursementforthecostsincurred.MACAactivityis,withfewspecificexceptions,suchastheniche
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Appendix F: Military assistance to a major London incident
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capabilitiesmentionedabove,notfundedwithintheMODvoteandisconductedonarepaymentbasis.ThisisnormalpractisewithinGovernmentDepartments.Therearethreecharginglevels:
F.9.2 ‘Nocost’–costswouldbewaivedwherelifeisatriskorinotherexceptionalcircumstances.ThedecisionwouldnormallybetakencentrallybutasstatedinparagraphF.5.2Commandersareempoweredtorespondimmediatelytosavelifeandwaivecosts.Inamajor‘immediateimpact’situationa‘no-cost’basisislikelyuntiltheRecoveryphasewhenthemilitarywillseektowithdraworcostsmayatleaststartbeingassessed.
F.9.3 ‘Nolosscosts’–RecoverthecoststhatwouldnototherwisehavebeenincurredbytheMOD.ThisisappliedwhenataskisundertakenonbehalfofthecivilauthoritiesoranotherGovernmentdepartmentfor‘risingtide’eventssuchasforFireServicestrikeandfootandmouthdisease.
F.9.4 ‘Fullcosts’–Allcosts,directandindirect,incurredimprovisingassistance,includingbasicpay,andallowancesofpersonnel.
Appendix F: Military assistance to a major London incident
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75
ambulance loading point Anarea,preferablyhard-standing,incloseproximitytothecasualtyclearingstation,whereambulancescanmanoeuvreandloadpatients.
body collection point Apointclosetothescenewherethedeadcanbekepttemporarilyuntiltransfertothemortuary.Ideallythepremisesshouldbesecure,dry,coolandhaveampledrainage.
brigade control TheFireBrigadeCommandandMobilisingCentreatGreenwichViewPlace.
casualty Apersondirectlyinvolvedinoraffectedbytheincident(injured,uninjured,deceasedorevacuee).
casualty bureau Centralcontactandinformationpointforallrecordsanddatarelatingtocasualties.
casualty clearing station Anareasetupatamajorincidentbytheambulanceserviceinliaisonwiththemedicalincidentofficertoassess,treatandtriagesortcasualtiesanddirecttheirevacuation(see Triage).
cbrn Chemical,biological,radiological,nuclear–materialthathaspotentialtobeadaptedforuseinaterroristincident.
ccc-Ir CentralCommandComplex–InformationRoomatNewScotlandYard.
ccc-Sor SpecialOperationsRoomatNewScotlandYard.
controlled area heareacontainedbytheoutercordonthatmaybedividedintogeographicalsectors.
cordon Theperimeterofanarea,forexample,therescuezoneorasector.Maybephysicalorimprovised.
Emergency Medical technician AqualifiedNHSambulancepersonwhohasobtainedtheInstituteof(EMt) HealthCareDevelopmentCertificateinAmbulanceAidTraining. Theymayalsobepermittedtoadministerspecifieddrugs.
Eoc LASEmergencyOperationsCentre.
EPIc BritishAirways’EmergencyProceduresInformationCentre.
EPM AtrainedEmergencyPlanningManagerwhocanprovideadviceandsupporttotheAmbulanceIncidentOfficersandothersonmattersrelatingtoemergencyplanningandotherambulanceserviceorNHSrequirements.
Appendix G: Glossary
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Evacuees’ assembly point Alocationofsafety,nearthescene,whereevacueescanbedirectedinitiallyforassemblybeforebeingtransportedtorestcentres.
fbc TheLASFallbackControlfacilityatBow.
forward control/command point Acontrolpoint/forwardcommandpostdealingdirectlywithactivityatthesceneandtherespectiveemergencyserviceresourcesatthescene.
friends and relatives Secureareasetasideforusebyfriendsandrelativesarrivingandforreception centre interviewswiththem.Thiswillusuallybemaintainedandoperatedby
thepolice.
health advisory team (hat) TheHATisastrategicgroupchairedbytheNHScomposedofrepresentativesfromarangeoforganisationsandspecialitieswhoareabletogiveco-ordinatedauthoritativeadviceonthehealthaspectsofanincidenttothepoliceIncidentCommander,theNHSandotheragencies.
humanitarian assistance centre Asophisticatedfacilitywherebereavedfamilies,survivorsandanyoneelsedirectlyaffectedbyanincidentcanreceiveinformationandappropriatesupportfromalltherelevantagencies,withouttheneedforimmediatereferralelsewhere.
hospitals, receiving ThehospitalstobealertedbytheLondonAmbulanceService(LAS)toreceivecasualtiesintheeventofamajorincident.TheLASmaintainsamedicalincidentofficer(MIO)poolandwillinvariablyemploydoctorsfromthisgroupwhentheneedforanMIOandsupportbecomesapparent.Receivinghospitalsmustbeadequatelyequippedtoreceivecasualtiesona24-hourbasisandabletoprovide,whenrequired,themedicalincidentofficerandamobilemedical/nursingteam.
IcP IncidentControlPoint.
joint Emergency Services Themainpolice,LondonFireBrigadeandLondonAmbulanceControlCentre(JESCC)ServiceControl/CommandUnits,togetherwiththepublicutilitiesandlocalauthoritywhichshouldbelocatedclosetooneanotherandformthefocuspointfromwhichtheincidentwillbemanaged.
LaLo Localauthorityliaisonofficer.
London fire brigade inter-agency Atrainedandqualifiedofficerwhocanadviseandsupportincidentliaison officer (ILo) commanders,police,medical,militaryandotherGovernmentagencies
onthebrigade’soperationalcapacityandcapability,toreduceriskandsafelyresolveincidentsatwhichabrigadeattendancemaybe
Appendix G: Glossary
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required.Thiswillincludemajorincidents,complexorprotractedmulti-agencyincidents,terrorist-relatedincidents,publicorder,domesticoranyothersituationthatwouldbenefitfromattendanceoftheILO.
Lhac TheLondonHumanitarianAssistanceCentreisafacilitywherebereavedfamilies,survivorsandanyoneelsedirectlyaffectedbytheincidentcanreceiveinformationandappropriatesupportfromallrelevantagencies–withouttheneedforimmediatereferralelsewhere.
Lrt LondonResilienceTeam.
LuL LondonUndergroundLimited.
Maca MilitaryAidtotheCivilAuthority.
Macc MilitaryAidtotheCivilCommunity.
Marshalling area Areatowhichresourcesandpersonnelfromallservicescanbedirectedtostandby.FireBrigadereliefsmaybedirectedtheretobebriefedbeforefinaldeploymentbySilverFire.
Marshalling officer Servicerepresentativeatmarshallingarea.
Mca MaritimeandCoastguardAgency.
Media centre Centralcontactpointformediaenquiries,providingcommunicationsandconferencefacilitiesandstaffedbypressofficersfromallorganisations.
officer of the day (ood) AfirebrigadedivisionalofficerrosteredtoperformthisdutyattheCommandSupportCentre(CSC)atBrigadeHeadquarters.
overall commander (gold) Designatedprincipalofficerofeachservicewhoassumestheco-ordinatingfunctionfortheoperationasawholeonbehalfoftheirservice.
Paramedic AqualifiedstateregisteredNHSambulancepersonwhohasobtainedtheInstituteofHealthCareDevelopmentCertificateinExtendedAmbulanceAidTraining.Theymayalsobepermittedtoadministerspecifieddrugs.
PLa PortofLondonAuthority.
Appendix G: Glossary
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Police incident officer (PIo) Silverorgroundcommander,responsiblefordecisionsata tacticallevel.
Police media representative Seniorpoliceappointeechosenbytheoverallincidentcommandertoberesponsibleforthereleaseofinformationonbehalfofthepolice.
Press liaison officer (scene) Representativesofeachorganisationresponsiblefortheinitialreleaseofinformationfromthesceneoftheincidentreflectingco-ordinatinggrouppolicy.
Press liaison point (PLP) Premisesatoradjacenttothescenedesignatedforexclusiveusebyaccreditedmediarepresentativesandthroughwhichofficialpressreleaseswillbeissued.
rail incident commander (rIc) ForincidentsoninfrastructurecontrolledbyNetworkRailanincidentcommanderwillbeappointed.ThisindividualwilloperateatGoldlevelandwillberemotefromthescene.
rail incident officer (rIo) OnNetworkRailcontrolledinfrastructuretherailindustryresponsetoanincidentwillbeled,onsite,bytheRIO.TheRIOwillactasapointofcontactfortheemergencyservices.Representativesofthetrainoperatingcompanies(TOCs)andcontractorswillreporttotheRIO.
rendezvous point (rvP) Apointselectedbytheemergencyservicesasthelocationforallpersonnelandvehiclestoreporttobeforeattendingthemajorincident.Itissituatedwithintheoutercordon.
rendezvous point officer PoliceofficerresponsibleforsupervisionoftheRVP.
rescue zone Theareawithintheinnercordon.
resilience mortuary Apredesignatedlocation,whichcanbeusedasamortuaryifthescaleoftheincidentrendersexistingfacilitiesinappropriate.Suchlocationsrequiredetailedpreplanningandwillbeusedatacentrefortheexaminationandidentificationofthedeceased.
rest centre Premisesdesignatedforthetemporaryaccommodationofevacuees.
resource Management centre LFBSuiteatGreenwichViewPlacethatactsasthespecial(rMc) commandfacilityforGoldFireduringamajorincident.
rnLI RoyalNationalLifeboatInstitution.
Scientific advisor TheFireBrigade’squalifiedscientificandtechnicaladvisoratincidentsinvolvinghazardousand/orradioactivesubstances.
Appendix G: Glossary
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79
Sector commander (bronze) Theofficerincommandofanoperationalareaandhavingfunctionalresponsibilitywithinthecontrolledareaforfire/rescuepurposes.
Senior investigating officer (SIo) PoliceseniordetectiveofficerappointedbyGoldtoassumeresponsibilityforallaspectsofthepoliceinvestigation.
Silver fire/Medic/Police TheserviceIncidentCommanderonthescene.
Senior identification manager Thisofficerwillhaveoverallresponsibilityfortheidentificationprocess(SIM) andsitontheidentificationcommission.Theirresponsibilitywould
includebodyrecovery,casualtybureau,familyliaisonandthepost/ante-mortemteams.
Survivor reception centre Secureareatowhichuninjuredsurvivorscanbetakenforshelter,firstaid,interviewanddocumentation.
tbnc ThamesBarrierNavigationCentreatWoolwich.
tEtra TerrestrialTrunkedRadioAccess.
triage sieve Theprimarytriagesystemthatquicklysortsoutcasualtiesintoprioritygroups.
triage sort Thesecondarytriagesystemthatiscarriedoutonthearrivaloffurtherresourcesusuallytakingplaceinthecasualtyclearingstation.
vaS VoluntaryAidSocieties.
vtS VesselTrafficServiceatTBNCatWoolwich(PLA).
Appendix G: Glossary
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above (a point) Referstotheriverupstreamofareferencepoint,notverticallyaboveit.
below (a point) Referstotheriverdownstreamofareferencepoint,notphysicallyunderneathit.
downstream (of) Thatportionoftheriverwhichisclosertotheestuarythanthereferencepoint,forexample,‘downstreamofTowerBridge’.
air draft Theheightofavesselfromthewaterlinetothetopofitshigheststructure(mastorsuperstructureasappropriate).
bridge clearance Thedistancefromanynominatedpointontheundersideofabridgetothewaterlevel,atanygivenstateofthetide.
Ebb tide Atidewhichflowsfromtheriver’ssourcetowardsitsestuary(downstream).
fairway Thenavigationalchannel.
flood tide Atidewhichflowsfromtheriver’sestuarytowardsitssource(upstream).
foreshore Thatportionoftheriverclosesttotheembankmentwhichiscoveredbywaterexceptatlowtide.
non-tidal thames AboveTeddingtonLocktheriverisnon-tidalandthewaterlevelremainsconstantexceptasitisaffectedbywaterenteringtheriverfromitstributaries.
reach Acontinuousstretchofariverthatcanbelookedalongbetweentwobends.
Slack water Whenthetidalstreamisnotmoving.
tidal thames Thatlengthoftheriverwherethewaterlevelrisesandfallsduetotidalaction.ItextendsfromtheestuarytoTeddingtonLock.
upstream (of) Thatportionoftheriverwhichisclosertotheriver’ssourcethanthereferencepoint,forexample,‘upstreamofTowerBridge’.
Theaboveexpressionsremovetheneedtousecompasspointstolocateapointthatisdifficultwhenthemeanderingnatureoftheriveristakenintoaccount.
Tidalflowisatitsfastestandstrongestmid-tide;thatis,half-waybetweenhighandlowwater.Tidalflowincreasesanddecreasesproportionallyabouttheperiodofmaximumflow.
Appendix H: Glossary of marine terms
H
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Notes
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Notes
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MAJOR INCIDENTProcedure Manual
London Emergency Services Liaison Panel
Seventh Edition
MA
JOR
INCID
ENT
Procedure M
anual Seventh Edition
www.tso.co.uk
4583_Maj_incident_cov_v0_6.indd 1 5/6/07 14:38:10