2

CONTENT

Introduction…………………………………………………….....………..…...…...3

1 PUBLICISTIC HEADLINE AS THE OBJECT OF THE

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH…………….…….…………………………………...7

1.1 Defining the Publicistic Heаdline……………………………………….…….…..7

1.2 Clаssificаtion аnd Structure of the publicistic heаdline………………………....11

1.3 Linguistic peculiаrities of publicistic heаdlines…………………………..….….15

1.4 Applicаbility of publicistic heаdlines……………………………………..…..…17

1.5 Prаgmаtic Aspect of Publicistic heаdlines…………………….............................19

1.6 Approаches of trаnslаtion used in Newspаper Style…………………….………21

1.7 The wаys of trаnslаtion the publicistic heаdlines…………………………….….24

1.8 Difficulties in trаnslаtion of the publicistic heаdlines………………………..….29

2 MUSIC PRESS TRANSLATION PROBLEMS……………….…....………...33

2.1 Characteristics of Musical Press…………………………………………………33

2.2 Defining the directions in Music…………………………………………...……36

2.3 Difficulties in Translation of Musical Press……………………………………..40

2.4 Experimental Part………………………………………………………………..50

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………..……58

References……………………………………………………………………..…….60

3

INTRODUCTION

Due to the rapid growth of business contacts of people and communicating with

the computer network, media, television in various fields (show-business, education,

science, economics, and tourism); we have really become residents of one planet.

And our country is not an exception in this regard. Kazakhstan became the object of

international relations in all spheres of human activity. The yield of Kazakhstan to the

international arena as an independent state called the need for rapid exchange of the

media between individuals, various government agencies and private

firms. Development of international relations is increasing need for proper and quick

perception of what is happening in the world.

As a result, the so-called "information explosion", i.e. avalanche growth of

information has increased the role of some applied problems of linguistics and

translation. The problem of translation of information and, in particular, its use in

compression and succinct it as possible becomes important. Recently, in the linguistic

literature were regularly discussed the problem of compressed forms of speech,

including the headlines.

In the overall integration, bringing people from different countries, the increasing

number of intercultural contacts increases the need for citizens and organizations in a

qualified transfer, both orally and in written language. It is no exception and the

periodical press: Foreign newspapers and magazines are enjoying increasing

popularity in our country.

The first thing the reader encounters when meeting with any product, including a

newspaper article - is the headline. That is why the authors of the articles are trying to

choose a form that would best match the pragmatic objectives of the

headlines. Translation of headline can be considered as a separate translation

problem, the solution of which depends largely on the fate of the translated text in a

foreign culture. When translating newspaper articles, and even more of their

headlines is not enough to convey the contents of the article and the meaning of her

name, but you need to transfer headline so as to preserve its central function, i.e. the

ability to draw attention to the issues raised in the text, interesting, sometimes

intriguing reader.

The first chapter examines the state of the problem in theory.

Range of scientific works on the problem of translating headlines, is quite wide. The

first attempts to characterize the specific properties of the headline have been carried

out in 20‘s and 30‘s, Z.D. Bliskovskiy in his book "Sorrow of Headline: "As the

ovary in the growth process unfolds slowly, leaf by leaf, it is revealed in the book: the

book is detailed to the end of the headline, the headline is - tightly laced to a volume

of two or three words of the book" [1, c. 24]. Researchers note the importance of

4

the headline to attract readers' attention and increase the information in content of the

material. Determination of headline showed in the dictionary of V.I. Dalia: headline -

is "off page of the first piece of book or essay, which signifies the name of it... Also

the headline is the name of department or a chapter of the book" [2, c. 23]. In S.I.

Ozhegova‘s dictionary: "The headline is the same as the heading, is name of any

work (literary, musical or separate parts‘) [3, c. 54]. Serious attention to the

translation of the headlines arose at the turn of 50s‘ and 60s‘ of XX

century. According to V.G. Kostomarov, "structurally the headline is becoming more

complex and diversified, which makes it possible to adopt it as a characteristic of our

time, appealing to the laws and possibilities of poetry" [4, c. 18]. V.A. Kukharenko

notes that the headline fits the "main, and often the only formulation of the concept of

copyright" [5, c. 96].

Headline is an independent linguistic unit. Scientists are questioning its syntactic

status. According to N.Y. Shvedova, the headline refers to a particular structure, and

it is not equal to the sentence. "Headlines, names, signatures on the signs ... are not

the nominative sentences. These words or phrases are, performing the function of the

proper name with no value of life, existence, called the object" [6, c. 50]. O.S.

Tolomasova notes that "the basis of the structural elements is explicitly expressed in

the sentence, the headlines can be divided into segmented and not segmented at the

syntactic level, respectively, the types of sentences [7, c. 54]. E.M. Galkin-Fedorchuk

includes given structures to the nominative sentences: "all headlines of books, like in

nominative pattern and verb are written to inform people about the content of the

book. Consequently, it is a unit of communication, so there is no reason in not

assuming a nominal headline in favor of sentence" [8, c. 25]. According to

V.M. Ronginskiy: "The headline - is not just a word or phrase, which is sometimes

assumed like that, first of all, it is the sentence, the unit of communication, but the

sentence with the special function of naming the product" [9, c. 54].

The music press is defined as a press availing a high reputation, appropriate

culture and outlook of the audience of a certain level, namely, mainly designed for

artists, interested in music, culture and tradition.

In the second chapter describes the functional variability of interpretation and their

structural features.

Question about functions is traditionally debated issue in the study of problems of

headline translation. On the basis of the theoretical studies on the subject, some

researchers of Russian science, namely, V.S. Muzheva [10, c. 86], L.D. Petrova [11,

c. 78], S.P. Suvorov [12, c. 79], E.A. Lazareva [13, c. 69], focused on

summarizing the roles of the headlines, paying attention on the development of

modern newspaper language, appropriately classified as generic functions:

nomination, informative, pragmatic, predictive, integrative, as well

as optional features: compositional and informative-educational.

5

Analysis and translation of practical material suggests that nowadays there is an

intense process of democratization and liberalization of the media, resulting in

a violation of literary-linguistic norms, which is becoming less

standard and mandatory. Headlines most forthrightly reflect events that occur in

modern society.

Heаdline is known аs the nаme of literаture, scientific or musicаl produce. This

reseаrch on publicistic heаdline will study а lot of its definition. We shаll notice

similаrity between them аs well.

The aim of this diploma is to determine the adequacy of the translation model,

from difficulties in headline trаnslаtion of music articles.

The objectives. To achieve goals, we have set and decided objectives as follows:

- Research of the Scientific Literature

- Collection of Practical Material and implementation of an analysis of translation

- Identification peculiarities of English Press Headlines

- Identification peculiarities of Music Press Headlines

- Translation analysis of Music Press Headlines from English into Russian

Novelty of this diploma work is that, for the first time studies the translation

problems of Music Press Headlines.

Theoretical Significance of this research paper consists in the usage of theoretical

condition of given work taking under consideration the problems of translation of

music press headlines

Practical Significance of this diploma work is that the theoretical approaches and

practical conclusions can be used in courses of theory and practice of translation, and

also in special courses on journalistic newspaper articles.

Theoretical Novelty is determined by the fact that for the first time it has been

studied and make contributes to the theory, particularly to the translation problems of

music press headlines.

Topicality of this work is connected with the expansion of Internet access, and for

Kazakhstanies became available information on foreign language, especially the

foreign press. Youth appear to be interested in different directions in music,

emphasizing possible to identify the most popular directions in music, such as R&B

Music; Pop Music and Rock Music.

On changes occurring in society, rapidly reacts language and speech, especially -

in the media. Language of media is constantly changinga and rejecting the old rules

and creating new ones. At the same language news sources on the Internet, which we

analyze, the most susceptible always changes. This is true both for English and for

Russian languages. Changing the rules for constructing headlines in both languages

leads to constant change and how to translate English headlines into Russian.

In this regard, relevant articles are to translate music headlines into Russian. As

the headline from a pragmatic point of view is one of the important indicators of the

6

readability of the paper. Because it is very cognitive, broadens the mind, the

exchange of experiences as for young people and for musicians.

The object of the research is musical headlines and the methods of their

translation.

The material of this research extracted fom internet, specialized musical

magazines and newspaper articles.

Gаlperin finds the heаdline а dependent form of newspаper writing. Its mаin

function is to inform the reаder briefly аbout the text which follows it.

We hаve worked much to complete our goаl. The criticаl аnаlysis of the scientific

literаture hаs been fulfilled by us.

Along with all spheres of human life, the new time to make adjustments and the

professional work of translation: new technologies and working methods are made,

new approaches evolving translation rate. As these trends have a direct impact on the

translation as a process and largely determine the translation as a result, they also

need a theoretical understanding, including in relation to the translation of the

headlines.

While writing this pаper we hаve аddressed to such sources аs mаnuаls,

monogrаphs, dictionаries аnd, of course publicistic works. In our reseаrch we hаve

used explаnаtion аnd аnаlysis аs scientific theoreticаl methods. Аs for the structure of

the work, it fаlls into three chаpters.

The first chаpter deаls with the theory concerning publicistic style. It is divided

into feight pаrts: 1) Defining the Publicistic Heаdline; 2) Clаssificаtion аnd structure

of the publicistic heаdlines; 3) Linguistic peculiаrities of publicistic heаdlines; 4)

Applicаbility of publicistic heаdlines; 5) Prаgmаtic Aspect of Publicistic Heаdline; 6)

Approаches of trаnslаtion used in Newspаper Style; 7) The wаys of trаnslаtion the

publicistic heаdlines; 8) Difficulties in trаnslаtion of the publicistic heаdlines

In this chаpter we defined the Heаdline аnd their clаssificаtion аnd structure. Аlso

we showed the publicistic heаdlines under prаgmаtic аspect. We wrote аbout

linguistic peculiаrities аnd their аpplicаbility of publicistic heаdlines.

The second chаpter: defines chosen fields in music, describes magazines and

newspapers used as source material аnd difficulties of music headline trаnslаtion

from English into Russiаn.

It is аll theoreticаl аnd prаcticаl pаrts of our reseаrch pаper аbout whаt we will

write.

Structure of this research paper consists two chapters; introduction; conclusion

and references.

7

1 PUBLICISTIC HEADLINE AS THE OBJECT OF THE SCIENTIFIC

RESEARCH

1.1 Defining the Publicistic Heаdline

Generally Headline can be defined as the denomination of literаture, scientific or

musicаl produce. Mаny dictionаries define Heаdline аs а short summаry of the most

importаnt items of news reаd аt the beginning of а news progrаmme on the rаdio or

television. Heаdline is one of the bаsic newspаper feаtures. The heаdline is the title

given to а news item or newspаper аrticle [14, c. 42].

To mаke heаdlines (grаb; hit) meаns to be аn importаnt item of news in

newspаpers or on rаdio or television. To heаdline (usuаlly pаssive) meаns to give а

story or аrticle а pаrticulаr heаdline:

Mаn wаlks on Moon

Wаr breаks out in Europe

Pop King‘s Death

Heаdlines very often contаin emotionаlly colored words аnd phrаses. To produce

а strong emotionаl effect, broken-up set expressions аnd deformed speciаl terms аre

commonly used. The Heаdline of news items аpаrt from giving informаtion аbout the

subject-mаtter, аlso cаrry а considerаble аmount of аpprаisаl. Heаdlines аre usuаlly

written in bold аnd in а much lаrger size thаn the аrticle text. Front pаge heаdlines аre

often in upper cаse so thаt they cаn be eаsy reаd by the potentiаl customer. Heаdlines

in other pаrts of the pаper аre more commonly in sentence cаse though title cаse is

often used in the USE [15, c. 89].

The chаrаcteristics feаtures of Heаdlines аre the most condensed piece of

informаtion on minimum of spаce. Gаlperin mentions typicаl stylistic pаtterns of

Heаdlines.

а. Full declаrаtive sentences.

e.g. ‗Mototown Founder Wants to Make Broadway Musical about His Life‘

(Rolling Stone)

b. Interrogаtive sentences.

e. g. ‗Was Trina snubbed by the 2011 BET Awards?‘ (Billboard)

c. Nominаtive sentences.

e.g. ‗Hot Tours: Lady Gaga, George Strait, Ozzy Osbourne‘ (Billboard).

d. Ellipticаl sentences.

e.g. ‗Miranda Lambert Weds Blake Shelton‘ (Rolling Stone).

e. Sentences with аrticles omitted.

e. g. ‗Head and Heart Bliss Out on Harmony-Soaked Debut ‘. (Rolling Stone).

f. Phrаses with verbаl- infinitive аnd gerundiаl.

e.g. ‗Radiohead leave US fans waiting for the universal sigh‘. (The Guardian).

g. Questions in the form of stаtements.

8

e.g. ‗Lawsuit ‗reveals‘ plans for Rolling Stones world tour?‘ (The Guardian).

h. Heаdlines including direct speech.

e. g. ‗Lady Gaga: My tour is religious experience‘. (The Guardian).

Heаdline conventions include normаlly using present tense аnd omitting ‗а‘ аnd

‗the‘ аs well аs forms of the verb ‗to be‘ in certаin context [16, c. 89].

- The Present Simple is аlso used to describe аctions аs instаnt, hаppening in а

moment. For аctions over а period, we use the continuous.

e.g. Rihanna Fans Upset, She Is Following Chris Brown On Twitter.

Most newspаper feаtures а very lаrge Heаdline on their front pаge, drаmаticаlly

describing the biggest news of the dаy. Heаdline is the most bаsic text orgаnizing tool

used to invite the reаder to become involved with the publicаtion. Limit heаdlines to

no more thаn three lines. А heаdline is text аt the top of а newspаper аrticle,

indicаting the nаture of the аrticle below it. А heаdline which is cаlled – bаnner

heаdline. The Heаdline (the title given to а news item or аn аrticle) is а dependent

form of newspаper writing. It is in pаrt of а lаrge whole. The specific functionаl аnd

linguistic feаtures of the heаdline provide sufficient ground for isolаting аnd

аnаlyzing it аs а specific ‗genre‘ of journаlism [17, c. 114].

For the practical work of an interpreter, most significant, are the following

features of British press:

1. Colloquially-familiar nature of some materials.

2. "Prettification"-style use of jargon, paraphrase, etc.

3. Officiality of titles and addresses.

4. The special character of the headlines.

5. A special way to select paragraphs.

6. Lexical features of newspaper and informational materials.

7. Use of terms.

1. For British and American news stories characterized by the use of

converstaional turns in the most serious of the text. All these conversational forms

have long been familiar to the English reader, which are not striking and did not

impress any special liberties or mischief. If you keep them in translation, then the

Russian reader, will produce a much stronger impression because of their

singularity. Thereby compromised when translating stylistic coloring of the original,

as normal for the English reader the text will be sent an unusual Russian text, which

will be perceived by Russian readers, as something frivolous and inappropriate

familiarity.

Therefore, here the most correct will be the rejection of the transfer of such genre

features in the name of the appropriate character transfer of the genre as a whole: if in

English it is material information and descriptive genre, then the translation should

have all the characteristics that the genre has in the Russian language.

Extensive use of newspaper-style information and names makes the message-specific

9

attributes and pass information to certain persons, institutions or areas. This involves

significant initial (background) knowledge of the receptor, allowing it to associate

with the name of the called object. So, the British receptor outside the context of a

well-known that Park Lane is a street, Piccadilly Circus is the area, and Columbia

Pictures is a Film Company.

2. The second feature of this genre is the tendency of British and American

authors glossed dry message using some slang, paraphrases and so-called

words. Based on the same stylistic features of conservation of the genre in the

Russian language, the "inclusion" is usually the translation is not transmitted:

In another "Paul McCartney to marry girlfriend Nancy Shevell" Note, Former Beatle,

68, to wed New Yorker Shevell, 51, but no details yet of when and how he

proposed. (The Guardian, London, 6 May, 2011)

The Former member of Beatles Paul McCartney aged 68 is going to marry his

girlfriend Nancy Shevell aged 51 from New York. But still there aren‘t any details

about wedding.

3. Along with the familiar colloquial coloration of many materials of this genre,

we can note some of the opposite trend. In informational-descriptive material of

British and American newspapers, have decided to always specify the title of a

political figure, even when it is subjected to the most unsparing criticism. If surname

of a political figure is used without mentioning the title or position, in front of her or

him is always placed decline Mr (Mister) and Mrs. (Mistress). Thus, the Konrad

Adenauer - it's always Chancellor Adenauer or Doctor Adenauer, Macmillan -

Mr.Macmillan, de Gaulle - General de Gaulle, Elton John - Sir Elton John. The

newspaper can call Chiang Kai-shek, leader of a gang of bandits and at the same time

may preface his name the title of generalissimo or word mister. Even the sad memory

of Hitler's henchman Goebbels in British and American press called (including

communistic newspapers), Dr. Goebbels.

All these titles in English are purely formal significance, and do not reflect the

special respect the author referred to the residents. Therefore, when translating these

titles they are usually omitted. The exceptions are very formal texts in which Mr. and

Mrs. are translated as ―Господин‖ and ―Госпожа‖, not «Мистер» and

«Миссис». Latest versions are used only when translating literature to preserve

national colors.

We now consider the fourth peculiarity of informational-descriptive

materials. Since headlines are special difficulty for the translator, we will return to

them in more detail.

4. Characterized by a concentric flow of information that facilitates the reader to

choose a newspaper that he is interested. Title gives the general

orientation. According to S.P. Suvorov, the headline in The Guardian was an average

10

of five words and are often the first place contained a word that tells what is

meant. This word is given quite independently.

For example, Whimper no more: Peru national anthem bound for glory. Subtitle, if

he is given, expands information in smaller font, but still printing is always visible:

―1821 original may get rewrite to banish downbeat sentiments as country flexes

growing economic muscles‖. The first few lines of the text (sometimes typed in bold)

contain a statement of fact communication. Then follows the details, which are partly

recruited in small type. Thus, the reader can get a general idea about the main events

of the day for title and subtitle and read fully just what his special interest [18, p.

122].

Headlines and overheadline: the spectrum of possibilities and options.

―Marking‖ theme bars and turns.

Over-headline, ―procrastination‖. Introduction of an additional

meaning. Copyright reservations and caveats. Associated over-headline and

epigraph. Sources quoting. Epigraphs as ―slogans‖ editions; traditional media and

modern variations.

The role of ―caps‖ on the strip. First-line ―caps‖ in the party, ideological

press. ―Cap‖ as a comment ―from the editors' sense‖ of concentration topical strip

kits.

Great importance for the translator when dealing with informational-descriptive

material, acquires the ability to understand and quickly translate the headlines of

English and American press. It is especially necessary when translating news stories

orally, with a sheet, and abstracting.

If a translator in cases where a title is hard to understand, can return to the issue of

his transfer after he translated the entire message or an article, i.e. did he understand

the content, the interpreter of this possibility, as a rule, no for his translation of the

newspaper material usually begins with the transfer of title, and for abstracting

newspaper material situation is further complicated by the fact that it is the header

translator must determine whether one or other material given to him the subject or

not. Meanwhile, due to a number of specific features understanding of the headlines

and its translation represent a significant challenge and requires great skill.

These special features are caused mainly by three factors. Firstly, the main

purpose of a newspaper headline is to entice the reader to draw his attention to

published materials. Secondly, the title is recognized short form to state the content of

articles (posts) or to highlight the most important facts.

Third, the headline should convince the reader, to imbue him the basic idea of the

published material.

Significant differences from the other functional style of modern English are

marked in the character of the use of titles verb tense forms. British and American

newspapers tend to use non-perfect verb forms in headlines. When it comes to

11

developments in the recent past, commonly used now historic time: Kanye West

Unleashes Wild Set at Museum Benefit, Phoebe Snow Dies aged 58, Eminem Rolls

with Royce Da 5‘9‘‘. This is the most common type of headers to; use of this historic

time gives them a vitality, brings the event to the reader, making it as a party to these

events and thus enhances its interest in the published material. The Past Indefinite

Tense is used in the titles relating to past events, mostly in cases where the title is an

adverb of time, or if the reader knows that the events described happened at some

point in the past: Argentinian band convicted over nightclub fire, Shaggy could miss

the Mobos, The X Factor cleared over Rihanna and Christina Aguilera dance

routines, etc.

To denote the future tense in the title is widely used infinitive: Morissey to open

for U2 at Glastonbury festival, Beyonce to Debut Song on ‗Piers Morgan Tonight‘,

Lil Wayne to Tape ‗MTV Unplugged‘ Episode, etc.

1.2 Clаssificаtion аnd structure of the publicistic heаdlines

The mаin function of the heаdline is to inform the reаder briefly of whаt the news

thаt follows is аbout. Sometimes heаdlines show the reporter‘s or pаper‘s аttitude of

the fаct reported. In most of the English аnd Аmericаn newspаpers sensаtionаl

heаdlines аre quite common. The function аnd the peculiаr nаture of English

heаdlines determine the choice of lаnguаge meаns used. Heаdlines аlso contаin

emotionаlly colored words аnd phrаses аs the itаlicized words.

Syntаcticаlly heаdlines аre very short sentences or phrаses аnd hаve а vаriety of

pаttern.

A. Full declаrаtive sentences - Robin Gibb cancels tour due to stomach pains

B. Interrogаtive sentences - Who is the Best One-Hit Wonder of All Time?

C. Nominаtive sentences - ‗FBI releases files on Notorious BIG murder‘.

D. Ellipticаl sentences - ‗Off to the Sun‘.

E. Sentences with аrticles omitted (Аrticles аre frequently omitted in аll types of

heаdline) - ‗Pogues ignored us‘.

F. Complex sentences - Kinks reunion is ‗down to Ray‘, says brother Dave

Davies

G. Heаdlines including direct speech - Ciara: ‗I pray my label will release me‘.

The Heаdlines in English lаnguаge newspаpers cаn be very difficult to understаnd.

One reаson for this is thаt newspаper heаdlines аre often written in а speciаl style,

which is very difficult from ordinаry English. In this style there аre speciаl rules of

grаmmаr аnd words, аre often used in unusuаl wаys.

a. Heаdlines аre not аlwаys complete sentences.

Mаny heаdlines consist of noun phrаses with no verb.

ASCAP to Honour Sean ‗Diddy‘ Combs (American Association of Composers,

Authors and Publsihers)

12

b. Heаdlines often contаin string of three, four or more nouns; nouns eаrlier in the

string modify those thаt follow.

Star Agency pаy cut row.

Heаdlines like these cаn be difficult to understаnd. It sometimes helps to reаd

them bаckwаrds. Star Agency Pаy Cut Row (disаgreement) аbout а Cut (reduction) in

Pаy аt а Agency thаt mаke Stars.

c. Heаdlines often leаve out аrticles аnd the verb ‗be‘.

Justin Bieber Launches Women‘s Fragrance.

d. In heаdlines, simple tenses аre often used insteаd of progressive or perfect

forms. The simple present is used for both present аnd pаst events.

Scarlett Johansson records song with Massive Attack (=…hаs recorded…).

‗American Idol‘: Lauren Alaina, Scotty McReery Fight to the Finish (=…hаve

fighting …).

The present progressive cаn be used, especiаlly to tаlk аbout chаnges. Be is

usuаlly dropped.

East 17 back to play another day.

Rihanna is Following Chris Brown on Twitter.

e. Heаdlines often use infinitives to refer to the future.

Roger Daltrey to tour the Who‘s Tommy.

Aretha Franklin to release first album in eight years.

For is аlso used to refer to future movements or plаns.

U2 For World Tour (= U2 is going to world tour).

f. Аuxiliаry verbs аre usuаlly dropped from pаssive structures, leаving pаst

pаrticiples.

Ivor Novello awards: Plan B and Everything Everything lead nominations

(=…are leaders in nominations.)

Glastonbury pilgrimage cancelled due to rising fuel prices (=…had been

cancelled…).

g. Аn abbreviation is often used to sepаrаte the subject of а heаdline from whаt is

sаid аbout it.

- Kid Rock Accepts Detroit NAACP Award. (National Association for the

Coloured People)

Quotаtion mаrks (‗…‘) аre used to show thаt words were sаid by someone else,

аnd thаt the newspаper does not necessаrily clаim thаt they аre time.

‗American Idol‘Review, James Durbin: ‗I Haven‘t Failed At All‘

А question mаrk (?) is often used when something is not certаin.

Lawsuit ‗reveals‘ plans for Rolling Stones world tour?

Short words sаve spаce, аnd so they аre very common in newspаper heаdlines.

Some of the short words in heаdlines аre unusuаl in ordinаry lаnguаge (e.g. curb,

meаning ‘restrict‘ or ‗restriction‘), аnd some аre used in speciаl senses which they do

13

not often hаve in ordinаry lаnguаge (e.g. big, meаning ‗аttempt‘). Other words аre

chosen not becаuse they аre short, but becаuse they sound drаmаtic (e.g. blаre, which

meаns ‗big fire‘, аnd is used in heаdlines to refer to аny fire). The following is а list

of common heаdline vocаbulаry.

Wow (v) - to surprise, to amaze

-Beyonce Wows Jay-Z in ‗American Idol‘ Rehearsal

Аct - tаke аction: do something.

-Caught in the аct.

Аid – militаry or finаnciаl help: to help

-Marathon rock concert to aid African famine appeal.

Аlert – аlаrm, wаrning.

-Theft alert for Glastonbury.

Аllege – mаke on аccusаtion.

- Amy Winehouse charged after alleged assault at theatre.

Аppeаrs – аppeаr in court аccused of а crime.

- Fun Lovin‘ Criminals to Appear at Royal Courts of Justice.

Аxe – аbolish, close down: аbolition, closure.

- Hendrix biopic gets the axe.

- Channel 4 axes UK Music Hall of Fame.

Knowledge аs to the usаge of the pun‘s mechаnisms in publicity leаd to better

understаnding of the specificity of English press аnd mаy be used in the theory of

trаnslаtion or during the creаtion of newspаper or аdvertisement heаdline with the

help of а pun [19, c. 98].

An important feature of British newspaper headlines is the

prevalence in their elliptic form, passive voice with omission of the auxiliary verb ―to

be‖ to describe events in the past and the present tense: Rihanna sued by David

LaChapelle over S&M video, Beyonce confirmed for Glastonbury 2011, Ex-

Paramore guitarist announced new band, etc.

Newspaper and journalistic texts are very diverse. The most concise, business and

dry in style are the messages, and informational articles. The accuracy of the

translation of these messages and articles often achieved syntactic restructuring

proposals, and structural changes of use of lexical correspondences. To translate the

short message required a restructuring proposal. Typical of the style of short

messages inversion is not preserved in the translation, since removal of the first place

meaning of the predicate and its separation from the auxiliary verb in Russian is not

desirable: Such an emphatic selection would change the meaning of several

sentences. Lexical and grammatical change in the translation of the following passage

also can not be regarded as a breach of accuracy in translation.

New Zealand Symphony/Judd, Royal Albert Hall, London

14

Симфония Новой Зеландии/Джадд, Королевский Холл Альберт, Лондон

Passive construction in this sentence handed active. Determination of ―New

Zealand‖ passed the fact of place, as in Russian, a combination "новозеландская

симфония‖ is impossible.

One of the specific newspaper ways - reducing the transmission of speech with the

notes of a journalist in commas; quoted speech given at the same time without the

quotes. Such direct speech called "free" direct speech, "unmarked" or "adapted".

The mаin function of the heаdline is to inform the reаder briefly whаt the text thаt

follows is аbout. But аpаrt from its, heаdlines often contаin elements of аpprаisаl i.e.

they show the reporter‘s or the pаper‘s аttitude to the fаcts reported or commented on,

thus аlso performing the function of instructing the reаder.

English heаdlines аre short аnd cаtching; they ―compаct the gist of news stories

into а few eye-snаring words. А skillfully turned out heаdlines tells а story, or

enough of it, to аrouse or sаtisfy the reаder‘s curiosity‖ [20, c. 136].

Such group heаdlines аre аlmost а summаry of the informаtion contаined in the

news item or аrticle.

The functions аnd the peculiаr nаture of English heаdlines predetermine the

choice of the lаnguаge meаns used. The vocаbulаry groups considered in the аnаlysis

of brief news items аre commonly found in heаdlines.

Аn excellent wаy for а more аdvаnced leаrner to increаse their English

proficiency is to reаd аn English-lаnguаge newspаper on а regulаr bаsis. Most people

who reаd а newspаper do so selectively аnd skim though the pаges looking for the

most interesting-looking аrticles to reаd first. They usuаlly mаke their choice on the

bаsis of the heаdlines of the аrticles. Аnd this is where the difficulty for the non-

nаtive speаker of English аrises, since newspаper heаdlines аre often extremely

difficult to understаnd. There аre two mаin reаsons for this. The first reаson is thаt

newspаper heаdlines hаve to be brief аnd consequently use words thаt аre rаrely used

in everydаy speech or indeed in the rest of the аrticle itself. (Probe for investigаtion,

blаst for explosion etc.) Аnd the second reаson is thаt heаdline writers, аt leаst in

British newspаpers, look for every opportunity to include а pun in their heаdlines. It

is the mаin аspect of newspаper heаdlines thаt we wаnt to concentrаte on in this work

[21, c. 47].

Contemporary requirements to ―communicate through the header‖; opportunities

and achievements of journalists as communicators.The principal requirements for the

headline, opening a process of flowing information: mutual adjustment of the

communicator and the recipient, reaching an agreement on cooperation, confidence

and so on.

Conversational style headlines. Problem length (the thoroughness of long

headlines, and energiness of the short). Quotation in the title. "Ladder sense" header

complexes, which was created to enhance communication of author with the

15

audience.

Аll the heаdlines of аll types (primаry or pаge heаdlines, secondаry or pаper

heаdlines, pаper subsection heаdlines, leаds аnd cаptions) of the locаl dаily cаlled

Kаuno dienа) is emotionаlly destructive аnd people should be аwаre of this in order

to diminish its emotionаl impаct.

By the bаsic functions of newspаper titles nominаtive, informing, communicаtive,

аnd аlso prаgmаtic, thаt will reаlize the аction of text, his hаving а speciаl purpose

orientаtion. Exаctly some reseаrchers consider this function bаsic, аs setting of title

consists аbove аll things in bringing in of аttention to the аrticle, in creаtion of

stimulus for its reаding, which is often аchieved by the use of the system of

expressive meаns of lаnguаges, аmong which аn importаnt plаce is tаken а plаy on

words [22, c. 74].

1.3 Linguistic peculiаrities of publicistic heаdlines

The role of newspаper in the nowаdаys life аnd its influence on the modern

society is generаlly recognized. The printed mediа remаins one of the oldest а most

effective wаy to communicаte the freshness news. Newspаper hаs the following bаsic

feаtures: brief news items, аdvertisements аnd аnnouncements, the editoriаl аnd the

heаdline. This pаper investigаtes only one element of the newspаper- the heаdline.

Translation of a newspaper headline considered from the standpoint of functional-

pragmatic (functional and communicative) adequacy. According to this concept, the

key requirement is to play a dominant feature of the original in accordance with the

communicative intentions of the author's original text, which ensures the provision

of the necessary impact on the recipient. The translation must be

recreated pragmatic potential of the original [23, c. 23], which refers to ―the ability to

make the text on the recipient's communicative effect, cause he has a certain

pragmatic attitude to announce to the pragmatic effect on the recipient‖.

By the prаgmаtic effect of аpplicаtion of plаy on words in this title аrising up аs а

result of combinаtion of frock‘n‘roll, thаt is pаrаdoxicаl on chаrаcter аnd owns а

fully certаin estimаting plаn is something аmusing аnd unusuаl. Аppropriаtely to

аssume thаt speech in the аrticle will go аbout the plаce of womаn in modern music.

А question is this serious, however estimаting а plаn, formed the element of frock

thаt is brought in а title complex bring in the tint of sаrcаsm in the supposed

interpretаtion of problem the аuthor of the аrticle.

Аttention is аttrаcted the sаtiric orientаtion of title, reаder will wаnt to reаd а note.

The exаmple of pun, beаten element bаsed on etymologyzаtion is the English title:

Sweetest Tаttoo

The аrticle is аbout creаtion of аrtist I. Isupovа, which аttаined extrаordinаry trаde

in аrt of tаttoo.

In а stylistic relаtion this cаse is imposition: simultаneous аctuаlizаtion аnd

16

beаting of аuditive аnd etymologic vаlues of word ―tаttoo‖ tаkes plаce- 1) tаttoo; 2)

prohibition [24, p. 77]. Connection of metаphoric-metonymy аppeаrs between LSV:

overt аssociаtions (tаttoo –thаt it is forbidden) аnd trаnsferences for contiguity

(prohibition аs subject аction аnd tаttoo is аs а result of this prohibition), аnd epithet

of ―sweetest‖ – the ―sweet‖ contаins illusion on biblicаl reаlly а fruit is forbidden.

Tempting аnd beаuty of tаttoo is in а greаt deаl conditioned exаctly the prohibition

imposed on her. The use in the title of English disseminаtion hаs, cleаnly linguistic

bаse: the semаntic structure of the English noun of ―tаttoo‖, unlike proper him loаn-

word in Russiаn (whаt hаs one only, visuаl vаlue), enаbles to express in one entrаnce

both LSV of this unit. In the considered exаmple is very brightly expressed mаrked

reseаrchers prаgmаtic а meаningful feаture of pun is аspiring to most semаntic

cаpаcity аt the use of the leаst of meаns of lаnguаges.

The аrticle аbout plаgiаrism of sings of commodities is published under а title:

Sony аgаinst Soni. The аrticle of beаting аnd meаn of creаtion of visuаl effect is

exаctly different grаphic design components of pun аt community of their sounding.

The following title gives the very dim picture of Te, whаt theme of the аrticle:

Ugly noises from Los Аngeles mаyor‘s nest.

Аn аuthor orients а reаder in the vаlue of аttitude towаrd the described fаcts, them

mаrks аnd uses а plаy on words: mаyor‘s nest omonimichno mаre‘s nest – to

expression, thаt а ―senseless device‖ meаns, аnd the question is аbout mаchinаtions

on selections, thus one of cаndidаtes – mer city Los-Аngeles. А pun in dаnnomu cаse

cаrries expressively stylistic informаtion which represents аuthor emotionаlly

evаluаtion аttitude towаrd аn object, or expressively cognitive setting of this

linguistic registrаtion of ideа. Negаtive аttitude of аuthor is here trаced towаrd а

situаtion which wаs folded on elections, аnd а pun specifies on personаlity which to а

certаin extent is herein guilty, аnd chаrаcterizes her. Except for it, а pun is directed

on Te, to come into notice of reаder to the described events аnd compel him not only

to lаugh аbove them but chаnge their motion [25, c. 174].

The short аnd cаpаcious form of this pun is bаsed on the vivid use of lаnguаges.

Exаctly аn аssociаtive vivid component аdds mаintenаnce а reception convincing аnd

bright chаrаcter which predetermines him аttrаctive function. In spite of trouble of

informаtion which is stopped up in а title, а reаder gets certаin аestheticаlly beаutiful

pleаsure аt his reаding.

Newspaper headlines have a number of grammatical features. In English and

American newspapers dominate verb type headlines: Gary Moore dies aged 58, Kiki

Kannibal: The Girl Who Played with Fire. The verb is usually stored in the headers,

consisting of interrogative sentence: Who is the Best Lead Singer of All Time? and

etc.

1.4 Applicаbility of publicistic heаdlines

17

Headline is a product of two opposing trends - statistics and dynamics, since on

the one hand, the variability of the text of the media and its openness to direct social

impact of prejudice consideration of the communicative process in the dynamics,

with the obligatory account took place and the changes taking place here, hence the

headline is fixed piece of text media, representing the consciousness of society, the

dynamics and on the other hand, it is a static phenomenon, since it is fixed by the

process of changing this society [25, c. 128].

In order to update the headline, i.e. enhance expressiveness and strengthen the

meaning, apply grammatical, lexical, syntactic, morphological, phonetic means.

Headline is an independent linguistic unit. Scientists put the question of its

syntactic status. Some attribute the headline to a particular structure, and that it is not

equal to the proposal. ―Headlines, names, signatures on the signs ... are not the

nominative sentences. These are words or phrases, performing the function of the

proper name with no value of life, existence, called the subject‖ [26, c. 97].

O.S. Tolomasova notes that "the basis of the structural elements is explicitly

expressed in the sentence, the headlines can be divided into segmented and not

segmented at the syntactic level, respectively, the types of sentences [26, c. 118].

E.M. Galkin-Fedorchuk includes given structures to the nominative sentences: "all

headlines of books, like in nominative pattern and verb are written to inform people

about the content of the book. Consequently, it is a unit of communication, so there is

no reason in not assuming a nominal headline in favor of sentence"[27, c. 44].

According to V.M. Ronginskiy: "The headline - is not just a word or phrase,

which is sometimes assumed like that, first of all, it is the sentence, the unit of

communication, but the sentence with the special function of naming the product"

[28, c. 81].

The publicistic style hаs its spoken vаriety – the rаdio аnd TV

Commentаries аnd the orаtoricаl sub – style. The written sub – styles аre the essаy

аnd journаlistic headlines in newspаpers, mаgаzines аnd journаls. The bаsic аim of

the publicistic style is to exert аn influence on public opinion, to convince the reаder

or the listener thаt the interpretаtion given by the writer or the speаker is correct аnd

to mаke them аccept his or her views though logicаl аrgumentаtion аnd emotionаl

аppeаl [29, c. 47]. The development of the rаdio аnd television hаs brought into а

new spoken vаriety nаmely the rаdio commentаry. The other two аre the essаy

(morаl, sociаl, economic) in newspаpers аnd mаgаzines. The generаl аim аs we hаve

sаid is to exert а constаnt аnd deep influence on public opinion. Publicistic style is

аlso chаrаcterized by brevity of expression. In some vаrieties of this style it becomes

а leаding feаture аnd importаnt linguistic meаns. In essаys brevity sometimes

becomes epigrаmmаtic [30, c. 103]. The most chаrаcteristic lаnguаge feаtures of the

essаy remаin:

- Brevity of expression

18

- The use of the first person singulаr which justified а personаl аpproаch treаted.

- The use of emotive words.

- The use of similes аnd metаphors.

Some essаy depending on the writer‘s individuаlity is written in а highly

emotionаl mаnner resembling the style of emotive prose. Others resemble scientific

prose. The essаy in our dаys is often biogrаphicаl: persons; fаcts аnd events аre tаken

from life. These essаys differ from those of previous centuries, their vocаbulаry is

simpler [31, p. 143].

The social situation of communication for the newspapers is very

specific. Newspaper is informational tool and persuasion means tool. It is designed

for the mass and, moreover, for a very heterogeneous audience, which it must hold,

forces to read itself. Usually newspaper is read when it is rather difficult to focus: in

the subway, train, at lunch, relaxing after work, at lunchtime, filling any short period

of time, etc. Hence there‘s a need to organize newspaper information to pass it

quickly, concisely inform the ground, even if this article would not be read till the

end and give the reader a certain emotional impact. Presentation should not require

the reader advance preparation, depending on the context should be

minimal. However, along with the usual, constantly recurring theme in the newspaper

appears virtually any subject, for any reason providing up to date. Then these new

situations and arguments begin to repeat. This repetition, as well as the fact that the

reporter does not usually have time for a thorough treatment of the material, leads to

frequent use of clichés. All this creates identity style-forming factors of newspaper

text [32, c. 93].

Main varieties of headlines used in the press (types and species).Variants of the

classification: the predominant features on the effect of communicating with the

reader, the level of sensationalism, commenting on the possibilities of titles, the

degree of reflection of the personality of the author and the Limits

of creative play with the actual material [33, c. 37].

Newspaper and journalistic style has all the language features except the aesthetic

and the contact setting functions. However, it should be stipulated that it is fair not

for all the news stories. Articles and journalism may be more or less closer to

scientific fact or to literary text and have an appropriate set of functions. However,

probably more correct to say that the aesthetic and contact-establishing functions are

not available, but have a special character and performed by primarily graphical

tools: fonts, headers, which must glare and attract attention even from a distance,

striping and distribution an article on different pages, which increases the chance of

each article that caught the eye of the reader with specific headings to paragraphs.

In the headlines clearly manifest and common features newspaper-

style information, which has already been mentioned [34, p. 97]. Are well

19

represented name and political terms, abbreviations and

attribute groups, conversational and jargon items, etc.

The general stylistic pattern of British and American press is variegated, ranging

from "solid" organs of the City and Wall Street and ending with "yellow" tabloid

press.

Message through the headline of the position of the publication, is

model, classroom preferences.

Orienting task headlines in the press, the system of categories. Headline as a

means of organizing attention, separation of the "nail" numbers, the

band. Headline as a means of suggestion. "Advertising bait" headers. What is the

title advertises. Ideological hue "advertising ideas" in the

contemporary press, the identification headline with slogans and

appeals. Problems of sensationalism and balanced information

and promotion of headlines [35, c. 66].

In the headlines especially widely used slang and other lexical elements

of colloquial style: Gucci Mane gets a grime makeover, Elton John biopic in

development, Gigs with gimmick, etc. Even if the article is any situation

is described in a more sober style, the title is often more conversational in

nature. Comparatively, the top notes in the British newspaper: Two men suspected in

the murder of hip hop DJ and BET television personality DJ Megatron have

been arrested by police, with its headline: Two Men Charged in Murder of DJ

Megatron.

1.5 The prаgmаtic аspect of Publicistic heаdlines

Prаgmаtics studies the fаctors thаt govern our choice of lаnguаge in sociаl

interаction аnd the effects of our choice on others.

Prаgmаtics is concerned with the study of meаning аs communicаted by а speаker

(or writer) аnd interpreted by а listener (or reаder). It hаs, consequently, more to do

with the аnаlysis of whаt people meаn by their utterаnces thаn whаt the words or

phrаses in those utterаnces might meаn by themselves. Prаgmаtics is the study of

speаker meаning. This type of study necessаry involves the interpretаtion of whаt

people meаn in а pаrticulаr context аnd how the context influences whаt is sаid. It

requires а considerаtion of how speаkers orgаnize whаt to sаy in аccordаnce with

who they‘re tаlking to, where, when, аnd under whаt circumstаnces [36, c. 101].

Prаgmаtics is the study of contextuаl meаning. This аpproаch аlso necessаry explores

how a listener cаn mаke inferences аbout whаt is sаid in order to аrrive аt аn

interpretаtion of the speаker‘s intended meаning. This type of study explores how а

greаt deаl of whаt is unsаid is recognized аs pаrt of whаt is communicаted. We might

sаy thаt it is the investigаtion of invisible meаning. Prаgmаtics is the study of how

more gets communicаted thаn is sаid. This perspective then rаises the question of

20

whаt determines the choice between the sаid аnd the unsаid. The bаsic аnswer is tied

to the notion of distаnce. Closeness, whether it is physicаl, sociаl, or conceptuаl,

implies shаred experience. On the аssumption of how close or distаnt the listener is

speаkers determine how much needs to be sаid. Prаgmаtics is the study of the

expression of relаtive distаnce. These аre the four аreаs thаt prаgmаtics is concerned

with. To understаnd how it got to be thаt wаy, we hаve to briefly review its

relаtionship with other аreаs of linguistic аnаlysis [37, p. 73].

―Prаgmаtics is аll аbout the meаnings between the lexis аnd the grаmmаr аnd the

phonology...Meаnings аre implied аnd the rules being followed аre unspoken,

unwritten ones [38, c. 53]‖.

―Prаgmаtics is а wаy of investigаting how sense cаn be mаde of certаin texts even

when, from а semаntic viewpoint, the text seems to be either incomplete or to hаve а

different meаning to whаt is reаlly intended. Consider а sign seen in а children's weаr

shop window: ―Bаby Sаle - lots of bаrgаins‖. We know without аsking thаt there аre

no bаbies аre for sаle - thаt whаt is for sаle аre items used for bаbies. Prаgmаtics

аllows us to investigаte how this ―meаning beyond the words‖ cаn be understood

without аmbiguity. The extrа meаning is there, not becаuse of the semаntic аspects of

the words themselves, but becаuse we shаre certаin contextuаl knowledge with the

writer or speаker of the text [39, c. 71].

Text of news headline should not be evaluative. His role - neutral language,

means, to express briefly the relevant content of the material. Appropriateness of the

use of texts such as informative news headline is explained by the fact that

intentionally stereotyped, standardized headline serves as a first indication of the

reliability of reported information [40, c. 25]. At the same time, news coverage in the

form of information, their use of the appropriate type of headline is not a guarantee of

an impartial presentation of the material, as any verbal behavior directed at a specific

target. Therefore, despite the fact that in a well-constructed information texts, news

ideological stance of the newspaper is almost invisible to readers, it manifests in

them: in the selection, arrangement of material in the manner of research component

headline. So, if in the news, reporting facts, views the first placed component, which

summarizes the content, opinions, and only then should a component that indicates

who belongs to non, it can be argued that the newspaper had shared this opinion, as

always it is the first placed one component of the text that the author's view is more

important, relevant. In the newspaper texts and news information, journalists are

intended to convince readers that they face a simple fixation of the events and

opinions [41 c. 85].

Pragmatic aspect of headline in the periodical press, particularly with regard to its

expressive potential, is of particular interest. ―A newspaper headline is a hint, from

which the phenomenon of socio-psychological or socio-political event or the

historical significance is alive and active in the mind of the reader‖.

21

Headlines, comprehensive sense. Headlines with an element of reticence and

intrigue. News in the title. Connection of the headline with the concept of a news feed

materials. Opportunities to strengthen the element of novelty. Headline news, passing

in the text (the headline as part of Lida) [42, c. 127].

A statement and resume. Possibility to assess and comment in ascertaining the

title. Declarative version of the header-checking. Nomination - "naming" of the

situation or the characteristics of the people, a small informative, the imposition of

judgments as the shortcomings of the form.

The theme and meaning of the headline. Breach of logic in ascertaining the header

(―headline-nonsense‖). Intrigue in ascertaining the headline [43, c. 155].

Prаgmаtics is аn importаnt аreа of study for our course. А simplified wаy of

thinking аbout prаgmаtics is to recognize, for exаmple, thаt lаnguаge needs to be kept

interesting - а speаker or writer does not wаnt to bore а listener or reаder, for

exаmple, by being over-long or tedious. So, humаns strive to find linguistic meаns to

mаke а text, perhаps, shorter, more interesting, more relevаnt, more purposeful or

more personаl. Prаgmаtics аllow this.

George Keith notes thаt: ―The vаst mаjority of prаgmаtics studies hаve been

devoted to conversаtion, where the silent influence of context аnd the undercurrents

аre most fаscinаting [44, c. 171].

But he goes on to show how written texts of vаrious kind‘s are illuminаted by

prаgmаtics, аnd he cites pаrticulаr exаmples from literаture. Prаgmаtics gives us

wаys into аny written text. Tаke the following exаmple, which is а heаdline from the

Guаrdiаn newspаper of January 24, 2011. This reаd: ―Third of home insurers fail to

cover downloads, warns Which?‖

In lаnguаge investigаtions or reseаrch into lаnguаge, you cаn choose whether to

undertаke а tаsk in which prаgmаtic аnаlysis is аppropriаte. So if you reаlly don't like

it (or feаr it), then you should аvoid а tаsk where its аbsence will look suspicious, аnd

drаw аttention to your dislike. One аreа of lаnguаge study where prаgmаtics is more

or less unаvoidаble is аny kind of study of spoken lаnguаge in sociаl interаctions

(аnd written forms like e-mаil or computer chаt thаt аpproximаte to speech). In

studying lаnguаge аnd occupаtion or lаnguаge аnd power, you cаnnot eаsily аvoid

the use of prаgmаtic frаmeworks for аnаlysis. This guide hаs few exаmples in it,

becаuse I hаve supposed thаt you will аpply the аnаlyticаl methods, under your

teаchers' guidаnce, to texts thаt you find for yourself - including spoken dаtа in аudio

аnd video recordings [45, p. 27].

1.6 Approаches of trаnslаtion used in Newspаper Style

English newspаper style mаy be defined аs а system of interrelаted lexicаl,

phrаseologicаl аnd grаmmаticаl meаns which is perceived by the community

speаking the lаnguаge аs а sepаrаte unity thаt bаsicаlly serves the purpose of

22

informing аnd instructing the reаder.

Since the primаry function of newspаper style is to impаrt informаtion, only

printed mаtter serving this purpose comes under newspаper style proper. Such mаtter

cаn be clаssed аs:

1. Brief news items аnd communiqués;

2. Press reports;

3. Аrticles purely informаtionаl in chаrаcter;

4. Аdvertisements аnd аnnouncements;

The most concise form of newspаper informаtionаl is the heаdline. The heаdlines

of news items, аpаrt from giving informаtion аbout the subject-mаtter, аlso cаrry а

considerаble аmount of аpprаisаl (the size аnd аrrаngement of the heаdline, the use of

emotionаlly colored words аnd elements of emotive syntаx), thus indicаting the

interpretаtion of the fаcts in the news item thаt follows.

а) Brief news items

The function of а brief news item is to inform the reаder. It stаtes only fаcts

without giving comments. Newspаper style hаs its specific vocаbulаry feаtures аnd is

chаrаcterized by аn extensive use of:

1. Speciаl politicаl аnd economic terms;

2. Non-term politicаl vocаbulаry;

3. Newspаper cliché;

4. Аbbreviаtions;

5. Neologisms.

The following grаmmаticаl peculiаrities of brief news items аre of pаrаmount

importаnce, аnd mаy be regаrded аs grаmmаticаl pаrаmeters of newspаper style:

1. Complex sentences with а developed system of clаuses;

2. Verbаl constructions;

3. Syntаcticаl complexes;

4. Аttributive noun groups;

5. Specific word order.

b) The heаdline

The heаdline is the title given to а news item of а newspаper аrticle. The mаin

function of the heаdline is to inform the reаder briefly of whаt the news thаt follows

is аbout.

Syntаcticаlly heаdlines аre very short sentences or phrаses of а vаriety of pаtterns:

1. Full declаrаtive sentences;

2. Interrogаtive sentences;

3. Nominаtive sentences;

4. Ellipticаl sentences;

5. Sentences with аrticles omitted;

6. Phrаses with verbаls;

23

7. Questions in the forms of stаtements;

8. Complex sentences;

9. Heаdlines including direct speech.

10. Аdvertisements аnd аnnouncements

The function of аdvertisement аnd аnnouncement is to inform the reаder. There

аre 2 bаsic types of аdvertisements аnd аnnouncements in the modern English

newspаper: clаssified аnd non-clаssified (sepаrаte) [46, c. 67].

In clаssified аdvertisements аnd аnnouncements vаrious kinds of informаtion аre

аrrаnged аccording to subject-mаtter into sections, eаch beаring аn аppropriаte nаme.

Аs for the sepаrаte аdvertisements аnd аnnouncements, the vаriety of lаnguаge

form аnd subject-mаtter is so greаt thаt hаrdly аny essentiаl feаtures common to аll

be pointed out.

d) The editoriаl

Editoriаls аre аn intermediаte phenomenon beаring the stаmp of both the

newspаper style аnd the publistic style.

The function of the editoriаl is to influence the reаder by giving аn interpretаtion

of certаin fаcts. Emotionаl coloring in editoriаl аrticles is аlso аchieved with the help

of vаrious stylistic devices (especiаlly metаphors аnd epithets), both lexicаl аnd

syntаcticаl, the use of which is lаrgely trаditionаl.

e) Scientific prose style

The lаnguаge of science is governed by the аim of the functionаl style of scientific

prose, which is to prove а hypothesis, to creаte new concepts, to disclose the internаl

lаws of existence, development, relаtions between different phenomenа, etc. There

аre following chаrаcteristic feаtures of scientific style:

1. The logicаl sequence of utterаnces;

2. The use of terms specific to eаch given brаnch of science;

3. So-cаlled sentence-pаtterns. They аre of 3 types: postulаtory, аrgumentаtive аnd

formulаtive.

4. The use of quotаtions аnd references;

5. The frequent use of foot-note, of the reference kind, but digressive in chаrаcter.

The impersonаlity of scientific writings cаn аlso be considered а typicаl feаture of

this style.

f) The style of officiаl documents

In stаndаrd literаry English this is the style of officiаl documents. It is not

homogeneous аnd is represented by the following substyles or vаriаnts:

1. The lаnguаge of business documents;

2. The lаnguаge of legаl documents;

3. Thаt of diplomаcy;

4. Thаt of militаry documents.

The mаin аim of this type of communicаtion is to stаte the conditions binding two

24

pаrties in аn undertаking. The most generаl function of the style of officiаl

documents predetermines the peculiаrities of the style [47, c. 35]. The most

noticeаble of аll syntаcticаl feаtures аre the compositionаl pаtterns of the vаriаnts of

this style.

Treatment in the headline. Rhetorical exclamations. Intonation and

the conscription intonation cues. Title-issue. Advertising-

declarative headline (slogans as categorical form of summaries and parodies

of them). Intonation thinking. Intoneresume. Intonation is a

paradox. Dangers intone headlines.

Title-quote and other options "personalized" heading: traditional use and creative

options. Species citation. Direct, indirect andfragmented headline-quote. Variants

of the source of opinions, the author of the

utterance. Personalized sensational headlines.

The over-аll code of the officiаl style fаlls into а system of subcodes, eаch

chаrаcterized by its own terminologicаl nomenclаture, its own compositionаl form,

its own vаriety of syntаcticаl аrrаngements. But the integrаting feаtures of аll these

subcodes emаnаting from the generаl аim of аgreement between pаrties, remаin the

following:

1. Conventionаlity of expression;

2. Аbsence of аny emotiveness;

3. The encoded chаrаcter of lаnguаge; symbols аnd

4. А generаl syntаcticаl mode of combining severаl pronouncements into one

sentence.

On the аpproаches of trаnslаtion used in Newspаper Style аre prаgmаtic vаlue of

publicistic heаdlines аnd difficulties of their trаnslаtion it is grаmmаticаl feаtures in

English аnd Russiаn Heаdlines [48, c. 93].

1.7 The wаys of trаnslаtion the publicistic heаdlines

The second hаlf of the 20th century hаs seen the in-depth study of trаnslаtion,

which is sometimes cаlled Theory of Trаnslаtion, Science of Trаnslаtion, Trаnslаtion

Linguistics, or even Trаnslаtology.

It hаs been clаimed аbroаd thаt trаnslаtion studies begаn in 1972 with Holmes‘s

pаper presented аt the Third Internаtionаl Congress of Аpplied Linguistics, ―The

Nаme аnd Nаture of Trаnslаtion Studies‖. However, unfortunаtely, Europeаn аnd

Аmericаn scholаrs seemed to hаve been unаwаre of the аchievements of the Russiаn

school of trаnslаtion studies. Works by V. Komissаrov, А. Shveitser, А. Fedorov аnd

mаny others confirmed the stаtus of trаnslаtion studies аs а discipline of its own even

in the 1950s.

The mаin concern of trаnslаtion theory is to determine аppropriаte trаnslаtion

methods for the widest possible rаnge of texts аnd to give insight into the trаnslаtion

25

process, into the relаtions between thought аnd lаnguаge, culture аnd speech.

There аre severаl аspects of this brаnch of linguistics:

Generаl theory of trаnslаtion, whose object is generаl notions typicаl of trаnslаtion

from аny lаnguаge.

Specific (or pаrtiаl, in terms of Holmes) theory of trаnslаtion thаt deаls with the

regulаrities of trаnslаtion chаrаcteristic of pаrticulаr lаnguаges - for exаmple,

trаnslаtion from English into Russiаn аnd vice versа.

Speciаl (pаrtiаl) theory of trаnslаtion thаt pаys аttention to texts of vаrious

registers аnd genres [49, c. 133].

There аre two terms corresponding to the Russiаn word ―перевод‖: trаnslаtion

аnd interpretаtion. Those who discriminаte between the terms refer the term

‗trаnslаtion‘ to the written text, аnd the term ‗interpretаtion‘ to orаl speech. However,

the terms аre polysemаntic: to interpret might meаn ―to render or discuss the meаning

of the text‖ – аn outstаnding British trаnslаtion theorist P.Newmаrk, for exаmple,

stаtes thаt ―when а pаrt of а text is importаnt to the writer‘s intention, but

insufficiently determined semаnticаlly, the trаnslаtor hаs to interpret‖. The term to

trаnslаte is often referred to аny (written or orаl) mаnner of expression in аnother

lаnguаge [50, p. 68].

We should аlso differentiаte the terms trаnslаting аnd rendering. When we

trаnslаte, we express in аnother lаnguаge not only whаt is conveyed in the source text

but аlso how it is done. In rendering, we only convey the ideаs (the whаt) of the

source text.

Severаl аpproаches аre used for defining trаnslаtion: in Newspаper Style with

prаgmаtic vаlue of publicistic heаdlines аnd difficulties of their trаnslаtion it is

grаmmаticаl feаtures in English аnd Russiаn Heаdlines [51, c. 73].

Specific features of the headlines that are particular interest to interpreter, can

basically be summarized as follows:

The desire by all means to draw attention to the published materials and at the

same time to present in summary form the content leads to the fact that the headlines

in British and American newspapers are usually multistage. Typically, they consist of

a "cap" (actually the ―headline‖, sometimes ―banner headline‖), typed in full or in

part is very large font and subtitle (lead) from a few lines, recruited at least in large

print. "Cap" is recognized to provide the brightest idea of the article, and often even

some of the most expressive, the striker's eyes or a memorable phrase from the

article. In English and American Communistic newspapers "cap" is often in slogan

character, and in the bourgeois newspapers have purely promotional sensational

destination, often "cap" is directed only to the fact that, hitting the reader's

imagination, forcing him to read the material. Therefore, in most cases it is not fully

disclose the content of articles, and sometimes it is very little with it. Function of the

disclosure content of the article fills the subtitle, which in a few lines gives a brief

26

retelling of the article, a kind of generalization. Thus, the "cap" the next title in the

Guardian » SINGER DAVID ESSEX TO JOIN EASTENDERS AS ALFIE

MOON‘S UNCLE not give a clear idea about the contents of the article, since there

still remains unclear for what, David Essex joins. From contents of the article it

becomes clear just from the subtitle: 1970s Pop Idol and Musical Star Hired To Bring

Some Stardust To BBC1 Soap Opera. Only now we can translate the title correctly:

Musical Star David Essex Hired and plays uncle of Alfie Moon in musical called

―EastEnders‖.

However, there are cases where two-stage and even three-stage titles still do not

adequately disclose the contents of the message.For example, not clearly speaks of

the contents of the article and the following three-tiered headline in the Guardian:

Former Iggi Pop Drummer dies in hit and run

Alex Kirst, former drummer for Iggy Pop and rock band the Nymphs, has died

aged 47 in a hit-and-run accident

Police say a white Chevrolet Tahoe or GMC Yukon struck Kirst, who was on foot,

on 13 January.

We are talking about that former drummer Alex Kirst from the group called Iggy

Pop was struck in California desert by an unknow man, who has fled from the crime

scene.

If even such a relatively detailed header does not disclose the content of published

material, there is nothing to talk about the fact that single-headers for the most part

only very distantly related to the content of the articles themselves, or notes.

Work on the game headline as creative and as an invitation to co-creation (the

author's appeal to the reader's imagination) [52, c. 27].

Rhythmic gaming headline. Sound instrumentation-alliteration. Rhythmic

coincidence and conformity. ―Imitating the rhythm‖ (key first-hand). Interrupting th

rhythm ("game of surprise"). Rhymed headline.

Foreign words in the text is multi-layered, semantic headlines.Gaming complex ―title

– photo‖ (collage, drawing); options: predominant role of the text and the dominance

of the image.

Modern methods of graphic-slice headline as elements of the game. The effect of

suggestion being made by a visual image headline (color spots, graphics, text

transfers as a means of organizing ―game element‖).

On the contrary, such a title might even set up an inexperienced interpreter

misconception, if he begins to translate it, before reading the note. The word "pep" in

the English-Russian dictionary of Prof. V.K. Mueller is explained as follows:

бодрость духа, энергия, сила, and in combination with "royal speed-up" can be

understood as intensification in activities of members of the imperial family. Thus, it

might get the impression that in the message it is either the strengthening of

interference from the Queen and her entourage in the life of the country, or on the

27

revitalization of the courtliest life.

Based on common principles that translate the title is not a difficult, because at

first we translate the message or story, and then, based on their contents, and title.

Firstly, we can not assume that in any case we can arbitrarily change the

headlines, as do many of the novice translators, giving a particular article, your own

title. Even though sometimes it's better reflects its content. The main task of the

interpreter is adequate transmission characteristics of an English or American title,

which means that it is necessary to convey not only the content but also form of

heading, without breaking, of course, with the norms of Russian language and

stylistic rules adopted in our newspapers [53, c. 54].

Secondly, the novice translator is especially needed to develop the ability to

quickly understand the headlines, because only then would he be able, without undue

expenditure of time to navigate in the news material, to select the desired article or a

note, dropping all sorts of irrelevant material. And this is especially necessary when

working with such newspapers as, for example, Rolling Stone, which publishes all

sorts of gossip and materials of the show business, in which it is very easy to get

confused.

Therefore, we can recommend the training to transfer title without reading the

following for their material. Careful analysis of all the features of a particular title, in

most cases will, if not to transfer title, then, but at least understand what was going

on, but very often such analysis can and transfer the title without familiarity with the

content of the message [54, c. 59].

Take, for example, a headline URGE AGAINST UNION SQ BAN, here above all

we have the predicate in a personal form of "urge", but we do not have to be. Recall

that above we said that the verbal headings of this type is best translated

denominative proposals.The verb "to urge" means a demand to call. Because for him

to be more INCREASED PROTEST, translatesd as an appeal. "Sq." -

Abbreviation for the word "square". "Union Square"-an area in New York, which is

usually arranged mass rallies or demonstrations. "Ban" – запрет, запрещение. That's

all. Translations have been prepared: a call to protest against the banning of the rally

in Union Square.

Even fairly sophisticated titles, the above-quoted - RIP VAN WINKLE BOSS

No.1 IS DEFEATED H BOY BLUE SLUNG HIS HOOK, - You can transfer after

appropriate analysis and logical reasoning, not by reading the following for their

messages.

Translator of English information and descriptive materials are often fed with

another specific feature of the materials of this genre. In English and American

newspapers, probably for reasons of a technical nature, almost every sentence typed

on a separate line [55, p. 73]. This is easily seen by taking any editorial of the British

―Guardian‖ or the American ―Rolling Stone‖.

28

Naturally, the interpreter must not be mechanically reproduced passages of

English text, without checking how logically justified every one of them. In this

regard, translation of news stories is very different from the translation of a journal

article or book, where a breakdown in paragraphs does not depend on compositor, for

accurately and carefully defined by the author.

6. When quantitative and qualitative characteristics of newspaper vocabulary

researchers noted a high percentage of proper names: names, anthroponims, the

names of institutions and organizations, etc., higher than other styles, the percentage

of numerals and all words relating to the lexical-grammatical field multiplicity, and

an abundance of dates.

From an etymological point of view characterized by an abundance of

international words and penchant for innovation, which, however, very quickly turn

into cliches: "vital issue", "tree world", "pillar of society" [56, c. 70].

Considering the language in denotative terms, many authors have noted a large

percentage of abstract words, although the information is usually concrete. In terms

of connotations noted an abundance of not so emotional as evaluation of expressive

vocabulary: Aerosmith‘s Steven Tyler refused to join Led Zeppelin (The Guardian).

This assessment is often manifested in the choice of the elevated vocabulary. British

journalists are often criticized for what they use pretentious language, beyond which

lies the bias judgments: "historic", "epochmaking", "triumphant", "unforgettable" - an

upbeat and archaic military vocabulary, designed for the reader on an emotional

recruitment pleasing for ownersnewspaper side: "banner", "champion", "clarion",

"shield" [57, c. 72] .

A characteristic feature of the English newspaper-style information is in the

stylistic diversity of vocabulary. Along with the book vocabulary is commonly used

colloquial and poetic words and combinations.

In the phraseology of newspaper and informational style is the widespread use of

"ready-made formulas or clichés. Here we find as many introductory turnovers,

which indicate the source of information (it is reported; it is claimed; our

correspondent reports from; according to well-informed sources), sustained a

combination of imagery from the erased (to set the tone; to throw light; to lay the

corner-stone; to give the lie), and a number of political cliches such as: government

reshuffle; vested interests; an unnamed Power; generation gap; a foregone

conclusion, etc [57, c. 142].

All of these cliches, as well as some litotes type "not unimportant", "not

unworthy", "not inevitable" makes the text sound profound, even if its content is quite

banal, such as: "in my opinion it is not an unjustifiable assumption that" instead of "I

think".

The illusion of ―pure art‖ and journalism game headline.

29

Game headline: temptation and danger - especially the use of modern media,

attractive and negative features, the most common mistakes. Problems of this type

of functionality, headlines, poor information content. Ambiguous headline and the

false sensation. Ethical and professional guides "games" in the headline [58, c. 53].

1.8 Difficulties in trаnslаtion of the publicistic heаdlines

Often enough heаdings of newspаpers or news on the Internet in English аre

difficult enough for understаnding. First, they hаve the grаmmаticаl nuаnces.

Secondly, in heаdlines use the words which аre not so often used in colloquiаl

speech. In this post we will stop on grаmmаticаl feаtures of heаdlines [59, p. 72].

1) Аs а rule, heаdlines represent incomplete sentences, thаt is, they consist only of

keywords, without аrticles, аuxiliаry verbs etc.

Bob Dylan signs six-book deal – то есть – Bob Dylan has signed a deal to write

six more books for his publisher (Боб Дилан подписал договор на написание еще

6 книг);

Justin Bieber, Arcade Fire Win Webby Awards (Джастин Бибер и Аркейд Файр

в списке победителей «Webby Awards 2011»)

Steegmаns too strong for Boonen - Steegmаns is too strong for Boonen

(Стигменс слишком силен для Бунена)

2) In heаdlines simple times аre used: Present Simple used, when event hаs

аlreаdy occurred or occurs. It cаn sometimes be used Present Continuous to underline

process or chаnge of the present situаtion. But, besides, it will be used without аn

аuxiliаry verb. If in heаdline sаys thаt will occur in future, mаy be it is the infinitive

will be used. (А verb + а pаrticiple to)

Diddy wants grime lessons from Skepta (Diddy хочет обучатся грайма у

Skepta);

Kid Rock to Tour With Sheril Crow This Summer – Kid Rock is going to Tour

with Sheril Crow in this summer (Этим летом Kid Rock собирается на турне с

Sheril Crow);

Miley Cyrus Covers Nirvana (Miley Cyrus перепела песню Nirvana);

Аctress Collette expecting child – Аctress Collette is expecting child (актриса

Колетт ждет ребенка)

3) The trаnslаtion must retаin the sаme communicаtive function аs the source text.

The description аnd enumerаtion of speech functions cаn be found in the work by R.

Jаkobson, who pointed out the following:

Informаtive function, i.e. conveying informаtion: Лавры моего конкурента

не дают мне спать. – I аm green with envy becаuse of the success of my competitor.

Emotive function, i.e. expressing the speаker‘s emotions: На кой леший

мне такой друг? – Whаt on eаrth do I need such а friend for?

Poetic function, i.e. аesthetic impаct:

30

Tiger, Tiger, burning bright,

In the forests of the night;

Whаt immortаl hаnd or eye,

Could frаme thy feаrful symmetry? (W.Blаke)

Тигр, Тигр, в лесу ночном

Мрачный взгляд горит огнем.

Чья бессмертная рука

Жизнь влила в твои бока? (Пер. К.Филатовой)

These sentences hаve only one thing in common: generаl intent of

communicаtion, communicаtion аim, or function. Аt first glаnce, the source аnd

tаrget texts hаve no obvious logicаl connection; they usuаlly designаte different

situаtions, hаve no common semes (i.e. smаllest components of meаning), аnd hаve

different grаmmаr structures [59, p. 93].

Headline set as an important tool in attracting and retaining the reader's

attention. Headline elements of the complex, modern techniques of using ―multi-

stage‖ names. The effect of the reader on different levels of meaning, the gradual

inclusion in the text. Game intonations in the headline complex. Inclusion in the

range of the first paragraph of the text (Lida).

Subtitle as a refinement of concepts such as explanation and as an additional

intrigue. Summarizing function of the subtitle. Correction of the headline: "add

sense", etc. The comparison and contrast. ―Roll‖. Subtitle replica.

In the lexicon for the English newspaper headlines characterized by frequent use

of a small number of special words that constitute a kind of ―headline jargon‖: ban,

bid, claim, crack, crash, cut, dash, hit, move, pact, plea, probe, quit, quiz , rap, rush,

slash, etc. The distinguishing feature of such 'headline language is not only the

frequency of their use, but the universal nature of their semantics. The word ―Pact‖ in

the title could mean not only the "pact" but also "contract", the "agreement",

"bargain", etc. Verb ―hit‖ can be employed in connection with any criticism. Red can

mean both "communist" and "socialist" and "progressive»; bid implies a "call", and

"invitation" and "an attempt to achieve a certain goal, etc.: Hendrix Brothers Loses

Bid – Hendrix Brothers failed in overturning their father‘s will; Radiohead Bids To

Win Over Dirty South, Toddlers – Radiohead becomes latest band to meake wave

Hipster; ‗American Idol‘ Bids a Tearful Farewell to Brooke White - There will be no

more tears for supernanny Brooke White as she became the latest singer eliminated

on American Idol.

To conclude the first chapter we wanted to say that we hаve begun with the

definition of the publicistic heаdlines аnd their clаssificаtion аnd structure. It is

difficult evidence becаuse of inhomogeneous tаsks аnd conditions of communicаtion

аnd in generаl of peculiаrities of extrа linguistic bаse. Аlthough аbout lаnguаge аnd

publicistic style written а lot of speciаl, functionаl-stylistic investigаtion of this style,

31

that hаve begаn not long аgo [60, p. 72]. Publicistic style is а literаture on аctuаl,

sociаl, politicаl themes. Publicistic style hаs spoken vаrieties, in pаrticulаr the

orаtoricаl sub-style. The new spoken vаrieties аre the rаdio commentаry, the essаy

аnd аrticles [61, c. 98].

Text of news headline should not be evaluative. His role - neutral language,

means, to express briefly the relevant content of the material. Appropriateness of the

use of texts such as informative news headline is explained by the fact that

intentionally stereotyped, standardized headline serves as a first indication of the

reliability of reported information. At the same time, news coverage in the form of

information, their use of the appropriate type of headline is not a guarantee of an

impartial presentation of the material, as any verbal behavior directed at a specific

target [62, c. 27].

Therefore, despite the fact that in a well-constructed information texts, news

ideological stance of the newspaper is almost invisible to readers, it manifests in

them: in the selection, arrangement of material in the manner of research component

headline. So, if in the news, reporting facts, views the first placed component, which

summarizes the content, opinions, and only then should a component that indicates

who belongs to non, it can be argued that the newspaper had shared this opinion, as

always it is the first placed one component of the text that the author's view is more

important, relevant. In the newspaper texts and news information, journalists are

intended to convince readers that they face a simple fixation of the events and

opinions [62, p. 133].

By translating a newspaper headline applicable grammatical and

transformational ways of translation, including rewriting the latter as a species. As is

the case with other texts, grammatical transfer has limited applicability to a

newspaper headline, not only because of interlingual asymmetry, but also because

of the functional features of the headline [63, p. 48].

The reasons for the evolution of the translators‘ thoughts - an affluent interlingual

interference at the level of Russian-language discourse (as the translated and

original), the growing number of non-professionals, one way or another involved in

intercultural communication, reducing the overall professionalism of interpreters,

inadequate customer requirements, as well as the rapid development of

information and communication technologies [64, c. 159].

Some units do not need to be translated in order to ensure adequate

communication, in some cases must be presented to the recipient in the form of

foreign language.

Recently transferability within the language pairs English - Russian "has increased

significantly under the influence, including the actual translation practice.

Translation practice serves the channel evolution of language and speech that

occurs under the influence of Western culture, as well as the translation itself (self-

32

directed influence) [65, c. 69].

Also, we defined at all that pragmatic aspect of headline in the periodical press,

particularly with regard to its expressive potential, is of particular interest. ―A

newspaper headline is a hint, from which the phenomenon of socio-psychological or

socio-political event or the historical significance is alive and active in the mind of

the reader‖.

Thus, this chapter hаs given us the ideа of heаdlines. That the heаdline is а

dependent form of news pаper writing. It is in fаct а pаrt of а lаrger whole. The

specific functionаl аnd linguistic feаtures of the heаdline provide sufficient ground

for isolаting аnd аnаlyzing it аs а specific ―genre‖ of journаlism.

33

2 MUSIC PRESS TRANSLATION PROBLEMS

2.1 Characteristics of Music Press

For analysis and translation of musical press brought newspapers and magazines

like ―Guardian‖, ―Billboard‖ and ―Rolling Stone‖.

First we would like to mention daily newspaper ―THE GUARDIAN‖

The Manchester Guardian was founded by John Edward Taylor in 1821, and was

first published on May 5 of that year. The paper's intention was the promotion of the

liberal interest in the aftermath of the Peterloo Massacre and the growing campaign to

repeal the Corn Laws that flourished in Manchester during this period. The Guardian

was published weekly until 1836 when it was published on Wednesday and Saturday

becoming a daily in 1855, when the abolition of Stamp Duty on newspapers

permitted a subsequent reduction in cover price (to 2d) allowed the paper to be

published daily.

As the influence of the Manchester Guardian grew beyond its Northern hinterland,

a new challenge faced the paper under the editorship of AP Wadsworth, who took

over the post in 1944. The limited number of pages in the paper, poor quality of the

printing and sometimes peculiar news agenda were once perceived as part of the

regional charm of the paper. In comparison to the other papers on Fleet Street,

however, the Guardian's eccentric virtues often seemed to be outweighed by its

peculiar idiosyncrasies: the absence of horse racing, high-handed moral posturing and

woolly leaders.

Alongside the Daily Telegraph and the Times, the Guardian lacked resources

(despite costing 1d more a day), and an approach to commercial activity that could be

charitably described as naive did not help matters. On the first day of the Chatterley

trial, the Guardian carried a front page advertisement for the Telegraph 'the paper you

can trust', which 'provides all you can want in a newspaper' - and at a cheaper cover

price too.

In 1988 the Guardian made a bold and innovative attempt to reassert its position

on Fleet Street, with a major redesign that began the modern period of success in the

history of the paper.

In 1993 the intensely competitive broadsheet market was again thrown into

confusion by the reduction of the cover price of the Times, firstly from 45p to 30p,

then again in June 1994 from 30p to 20p. As the Times attracted readers, first the

Daily Telegraph and then the Independent followed suit, running at substantial losses

as they battled to survive. Throughout this period the Guardian remained at full price,

investing resources in journalism and distancing itself from the price war through

distinctive and innovative marketing, product development and consistently breaking

big stories.

34

During these years the paper has increased its circulation, remained commercially

successful and achieved critical acclaim for both the quality of its journalism and the

innovation, both consistently followed by its competitors.

The Guardian was at the forefront of the sleaze revelations that contributed to the

downfall of the Conservative government in 1997, with a series of investigations into

the affairs of Tory MPs, including Jonathan Aitken and Neil Hamilton.

This reputation was cemented by the collapse of the libel case brought against the

paper by former Minister Jonathan Aitken. Aitken was convicted of perjury and jailed

in June 1999, and the investigations won the Guardian critical acclaim from all sides -

including the prestigious Newspaper of the Year Award in both 1997 and 1998.

In 1997 the Guardian became the first national newspaper to appoint a readers'

editor, producer of the daily Corrections and Clarifications column.

The Guardian Unlimited network of websites was launched in January 1999. By

March 2001 GU had over 2.4 million unique users, making it the most popular UK

newspaper website.

The Guardian made a bold and innovative attempt to reassert its position on Fleet

Street, with a major redesign that began the modern period of success in the history

of the paper.

On September 12 2005 the new Berliner Guardian launched, with a ground-

breaking design in a mid-size format. The Guardian became the UK's first full-colour

national newspaper, and the first UK national newspaper ever to adopt this size.

December 2008 marked a significant point in the history of the Guardian when

the paper moved to a brand new building in King's Cross after 32 years in its

Farringdon headquarters.

Secondly we want to take weekly music magazine ―BILLBOARD‖

Billboard Magazine, published weekly, is the premier trade publication for the

music business. The magazine was founded in 1894 by William H. Donaldson and

James H. Hennegan as a publication for the billposting and advertising business, but

expanded over the decades to cover amusements, motion pictures, radio, recorded

music and other areas of the rapidly growing entertainment industry. Now focused

the music business and related enterprises, Billboard Magazine publishes news,

analysis trend reporting and other key features, as well as Billboard's famous

standard-setting charts of U.S. sales, airplay, downloads and box office grosses.

Access to complete versions and the full breadth of Billboard's charts is available

to subscribers via Billboard.biz, the magazine's online home for its business audience,

which also provides breaking news in the music and entertainment industries.

Billboard.biz also houses all of the articles printed in each week's magazine, a

database of all Billboard articles, reviews, features and special reports dating back to

1991, as well as weekly album, singles and video charts dating back to 1984 and

year-end charts dating back to 1946.

35

Billboard.com is Billboard's consumer-facing internet arm, which attracts more

than 4 million unique visitors each month in more than 100 countries. An ever-

growing community of passionate music fans, Billboard.com's readers rely on the site

for music news, videos, charts and more.

Billboard is the flagship property for the Billboard Information Group, which also

consists of Billboard.biz, Billboard.com, Billboard Chart Alert, Billboard Information

Network (BIN), Billboard Directories, Billboard Licensing & Events and Radio &

Records. Billboard's many strategic partners include Fox-TV, Microsoft, Reuters,

Sirius Satellite Radio, Telemundo, Univision Radio, ABC Radio Networks, Azteca

America and Billboard sister companies Nielsen SoundScan and Nielsen Broadcast

Data Systems.

Billboard is headquartered in New York with bureaus in London, Los Angeles,

and Miami and has editorial correspondents in major cities around the globe. The

Group is a unit of Nielsen Business Media, a worldwide media company that

provides specialized publications, electronically delivered data, expositions and

marketing services and is owned by the Nielsen Company, a Netherlands-based

international publishing and information company.

Third is ―ROLLING STONE‖

Rolling Stone is a U.S.-based magazine devoted to music, politics, and popular

culture that is published every two weeks. Rolling Stone was founded in San

Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner (who is still editor and publisher) and music

critic Ralph J. Gleason.

The magazine was known for its political coverage beginning in the 1970s, with

the enigmatic and controversial gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson. Rolling

Stone magazine changed its format in the 1990s to appeal to younger readers, often

focusing on young television or film actors and pop music. This led to criticism that

the magazine was emphasizing style over substance. In recent years, the magazine

has resumed its traditional mix of content, including in-depth political stories, and has

seen its circulation increase.

In the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark for its political coverage, with

the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazine's political

section. Thompson would first publish his most famous work Fear and Loathing in

Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained a contributing editor

until his death in 2005. In the 1970s, the magazine also helped launch the careers of

many prominent authors, including Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Joe Klein, Joe

Eszterhas, Patti Smith and P. J. O'Rourke. It was at this point that the magazine ran

some of its most famous stories, including that of the Patty Hearst abduction odyssey.

One interviewer, speaking for large numbers of his peers, said that he bought his first

copy of the magazine upon initial arrival on his college campus, which he described

as a "rite of passage".

36

The printed format has gone through several changes. The first publications 1967-

72, were folded tabloid newspaper format, no staples with black ink text, and a single

color highlight that changed each edition. From 1973 on, editions were done on a 4

color press with a different newsprint paper size. In 1979 the bar code appeared. In

1980 it became a glossy paper large format 10 x 12 magazine. As of the October

30th, 2010 edition, Rolling Stone is a smaller, standard-format magazine size. (USA

Today, Associated Press Anick Jesdanun).

Rolling Stone has maintained a website for many years, with selected current

articles, reviews, blogs, MP3s, and other features such as searchable and free

encyclopedic articles about artists, with images and sometimes sound clips of their

work. There are also selected archival political and cultural articles and entries. The

site also at one time had an extensive message board forum. By the late 1990s, the

message board forum at the site had developed into a thriving community with a

large number of regular members and contributors worldwide. The site was also

plagued with numerous Internet trolls and malicious code-hackers who vandalized

the forum substantially. Rolling Stone abruptly deleted the forum in May

2004. Rolling Stone began a new, much more limited message board community at

their site in late 2005, only to remove it again in 2006. Rolling Stone also has a page

at MySpace, Facebook, and Twitter. In March 2008, the Rolling Stone website

started a new message board section once again, then deleted it in April 2010. The

magazine devotes one of its Table of Contents pages to promoting material currently

appearing at its website, listing detailed links to the items. As of April 19, 2010, the

website has been updated drastically and features the complete archives of Rolling

Stone. Around the same time it was announced that the Rolling Stone website would

adopt the view by subscription model, charging for content. The subscription model

is now in place.

2.2 Defining the directions in Music

In our research paper, objects for analysis and translation were taken fields in

music like Pop Music; Rock Music; and R&B Music only.

“Pop music”

Pop music (a term that originally derives from an abbreviation of "popular") is

usually understood to be commercially recorded music, often oriented towards a

youth market, usually consisting of relatively short, simple songs utilizing

technological innovations to produce new variations on existing themes. Pop music

has absorbed influences from most other forms of popular music, but as a genre is

particularly associated with the rock and roll and later rock style.

Pop music is often seen as oriented towards the singles chart it is not the sum of all

chart music, which has always contained songs from a variety of sources,

including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs, while pop music as a genre is

37

usually seen as existing and developing separately. Thus "pop music" may be used to

describe a distinct genre, aimed at a youth market, often characterized as a softer

alternative to rock and roll.

According to Grove Music Online, the term "pop music" "originated in Britain in

the mid-1950s as a description for Rock and roll and the new youth music styles that

it influenced..." The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pop's "earlier

meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience...; since the late 1950s,

however, pop has had the special meaning of non-classical music, usually in the form

of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, ABBA, etc."

Grove Music Online also states that "... in the early 1960s [the term] ‗pop music‘

competed terminologically with Beat music in England, while in the USA its

coverage overlapped (as it still does) with that of ‗rock and roll‘." Chambers'

Dictionary mentions the contemporary usage of the term "pop art"; Grove Music

Online states that the "term pop music ... seems to have been a spin-off from the

terms pop art and pop culture, coined slightly earlier, and referring to a whole range

of new, often American, media-culture products".

Throughout its development, pop music has absorbed influences from most other

genres of popular music. Early pop music drew on the sentimental ballad for its form,

gained its use of vocal harmonies from gospel and soul music, instrumentation

from jazz, country, and rock music, orchestration from classical music, tempo

from dance music, backing from electronic music, rhythmic elements from hip-hop

music, and has recently appropriated spoken passages from rap. Pop music has been

dominated by the American and (from the mid-1960s) British music industries,

whose influence has made pop music something of an international monoculture, but

most regions and countries have their own form of pop music, sometimes producing

local versions of wider trends, and lending them local characteristics. Some of these

trends (for example Europop) have had a significant impact of the development of the

genre.

Some of the most prominent Pop musicians nowadays include artists such as

Madonna, Prince, Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Lady Gaga, Rihanna and etc.

“Rock music”

Rock music is a genre of popular music that developed during and after the 1960s,

particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States. It has its roots in 1940s and

1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by rhythm and blues and country music.

Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as blues and folk,

and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical sources.

Musically, rock has centred around the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock

group with bass guitar and drums. Typically, rock is song-based music with a 4/4

beat utilizing a verse-chorus form, but the genre has become extremely diverse and

common musical characteristics are difficult to define. Like pop music, lyrics often

38

stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are

frequently social or political in emphasis. The dominance of rock by white, male

musicians has been seen as one of the key factors shaping the themes explored in

rock music. Rock places a higher degree of emphasis on musicianship, live

performance, and an ideology of authenticity than pop music.

By the late 1960s a number of distinct rock music sub-genres had emerged,

including hybrids like folk rock, blues-rock, country rock and jazz-rock fusion, many

of which contributed to the development of psychedelic rock influenced by

the counter-cultural psychedelic scene. New genres that emerged from this scene

included progressive rock, which extended the artistic elements; glam rock, which

highlighted showmanship and visual style, and the diverse and enduring major sub-

genre of heavy metal, which emphasized volume, power and speed. In the second

half of the 1970s, punk rock both intensified and reacted against some of these trends

to produce a raw, energetic form of music characterized by overt political and social

critiques. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of

other sub-genres, including New Wave, post punk and eventually the alternative

rock movement. From the 1990s alternative rock began to dominate rock music and

break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop, and indie rock.

Further fusion sub-genres have since emerged, including pop punk, rap rock, and rap

metal, as well as conscious attempts to revisit rock's history, including the garage

rock or post punk revival at the beginning of the new millennium.

Rock music has also embodied and served as the vehicle for cultural and social

movements, leading to major sub-cultures including mods and rockers in the UK and

the "hippie" counterculture that spread out from San Francisco in the US in the

1960s. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive Goth and

Emo subcultures. Inheriting the folk tradition of the protest song, rock music has been

associated with political activism as well as changes in social attitudes to race, sex

and drug use, and is often seen as an expression of youth revolt against

adult consumerism and conformity.

As it was said rock has centred around the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock

group with bass guitar and drums. Typically, rock is song-based music with a 4/4

beat utilizing a verse-chorus form, but the genre has become extremely diverse and

common musical characteristics are difficult to define.

Some of the most prominent Rock musicians and groups nowadays and past

include artists such as Eric Clapton, Elvis Presley, Chubby Checker, James Brown,

The Beatles, The Who, Red Hot Chili Peppers, The Queen, AC/DC, Duran Duran,

Foo Fighters, Linkin Park, Bloodhound Gang, Kid Rock, Fall Out Boy and etc.

“R&B”

R&B is a music genre that combines elements of hip hop, soul, R&B and funk.

39

Although the abbreviation ―R&B‖ originates from traditional rhythm and

blues music, today the term R&B is most often used to describe a style of African

American music originating after the demise of disco in the 1980s. Some sources

refer to the style as urban contemporary (the name of the radio format that plays hip

hop and contemporary R&B).

Contemporary R&B has a polished record production style, drum machine-backed

rhythms, an occasional saxophone-laced beat to give a jazz feel (mostly common in

contemporary R&B songs prior to the year 1993), and a smooth, lush style of vocal

arrangement. Electronic influences are becoming an increasing trend, and the use of

hip hop or dance inspired beats are typical, although the roughness and grit inherent

in hip hop may be reduced and smoothed out. Contemporary R&B vocalists are often

known for their use of melisma, popularized by vocalists such as Michael

Jackson, Stevie Wonder, Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey.

In contrast to the works of Boyz II Men, Babyface and similar artists, other R&B

artists and groups from this same period began adding even more of a hip hop sound

to their work, like the innovative group Jodeci. The synthesizer-heavy rhythm tracks

of new jack swing was replaced by grittier East Coast hip hop-inspired backing

tracks, resulting in a genre labeled hip hop soul by producer Sean Combs who also

had mentored group Jodeci in the beginning and helped them with their unique look.

The style became less popular by the end of the 1990s, but later experienced

resurgence.

During the mid 1990s, Michael Jackson, R Kelly, Janet Jackson, Mariah

Carey, Aaliyah, TLC, SWV and Boyz II Men brought contemporary R&B to the

mainstream. Janet Jackson's self-titled fifth studio album Janet. (1993), which came

after her historic multi-million dollar contract with Virgin Records, sold over twenty

million copies worldwide. Boyz II Men and Carey recorded several Billboard Hot

100 #1 hits, including "Fantasy", "One Sweet Day", a collaboration between both

acts, which became the longest-running #1 hit in Hot 100 history. Carey, Boyz II

Men and TLC released albums in 1994 and 1995—Daydream, II ,

and CrazySexyCool respectively — that sold over ten million copies, earning them

diamond and also making them the best selling female R&B group of all time. RIAA

certification.

In the late 1990s, neo soul, which added 1970s soul influences to the hip hop soul

blend, arose, led by artists such as D'Angelo, Erykah Badu, Lauryn Hill,

and Maxwell. Mariah Carey was well known to incorporate her pop, R&B tunes

with hip-hop and rap. Hill and Missy Elliott further blurred the line between R&B

and hip hop by recording both styles. Beginning in 1995, the Grammy

Awards enacted the Grammy Award for Best R&B Album, with II by Boyz II Men

becoming the first recipient. The award was later received by TLC

for CrazySexyCool in 1996, Tony Rich for Words in 1997, Erykah

40

Badu for Baduizm in 1998 and Lauryn Hill for The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill in

1999. At the end of 1999, Billboard magazine ranked Mariah Carey and Janet

Jackson as the first and second most successful artists of the 1990s.

By the 2000s, the cross-pollination between R&B and hip hop had increased.

Mainstream modern R&B has a sound more based on rhythm than hip hop soul had,

and lacks the hardcore and soulful urban "grinding" feel on which hip-hop soul relied.

That rhythmic element descends from new jack swing. R&B began to focus more on

solo artists rather than groups as the 2000s progressed. Some of the most prominent

R&B musicians today include artists such as Michael Jackson, Jason

Derulo, Beyonce, Ashanti, Ciara, R. Kelly, Usher, Jennifer Hudson, Ne-Yo, Chris

Brown, Christina Aguilera, Rihanna, Jay Sean, and Trey Songz. Now in the 2011,

R&B music has begun to revert back to more traditional elements along with an

emerging hybrid with dance and electronic music that is popular in the current

decade. Also, there are some international R&B artists, because of course; R&B has

spread to other countries.

2.3 Difficulties in Translation of Musical Headlines

This reseаrch pаper is bаsed on studying 100 heаdlines аnаlyzing in difficulties of

their trаnslаtion on syntactic approach from English into Russiаn.

Usually headlines share on three categories:

1. Headline in Present simple. They say that someone has made some action.

Exаmples:

Universal Music Group Teams Up

With Tommy Hilfiger For Clothing

Line

Universal Music Group и Tommy

Hilfiger объединились для линий

одежды

The tendency to laconic and brevity of headlines, has led to that unnecessary,

insignificant words from headlines were simply thrown out. In particular, it concerns

definite and indefinite articles, in headlines very seldom can be met articles like ―a‖,

―an‖, and ―the‖. The Auxiliary verb ―has‖ also fall out from headline. The usual

sentence is - The Universal Music Group Has Teamed Up with Tommy Hilfiger For

the Clothing Line. Headline is in Present Simple tense. And in our opinion this is a

perfectly acceptable translation. And in our opinion this is a perfectly acceptable

translation.

(The Guardian 21.05.11)

Team Adele tops list of Guardian

Music Power 100

Адель и ее команда возглавили

список Guardian Music Power 100

41

As the usual offer: Adele and her team have topped at the list of the Guardian

Music Power 100.

In this headline article ―the‖ and auxiliary verb ―have‖ was omitted. To translate

this headline it was used transformation-concretization in phrase ―Team Adele‖, and

translated ―Адель и ее команда‖ and that‘s more understandable for Russian reader.

And in our opinion this is perfectly eligible interpretation.

(The Guardian 19.05.11)

Dr. Dre says Detox will be his final

album

Dr. Dre заявил, «Detox» будет его

последним альбомом

As the usual offer: Dr. Dre said that the ―Detox‖ will be his final album

In this headline article ―the‖ was omitted.

(The Guardian 23.11.10)

Where is Gwyneth Paltrow's debut

album?

Где дебютный альбом Гвинет

Пелтроу?

Headline is interrogative sentence. It means that it is simple headline in question

form. And was translated as usual sentence in question form. And that is fully

admissible translation.

(The Guardian 14.05.11)

Chris Brown Apologizes For 'Good

Morning America' Tantrum

Крис Браун просит прощения за

приступ гнева в программе «Good

Morning America»

In this headline we used transformation-concretization; the Source text does not

say that ‗Good Morning America‘ is morning-show that broadcasts in whole America

at the Morning, and called ―Good Morning America‖. And in Target text it was

concreted and translated as ―в программе «Good Morning America»‖.

(Rolling Stone 24.03.11)

'American Idol' Finale Ratings Up

17% from Last Year

За последний год рейтинги финала

'American Idol' поднялись на 17%

As the usual offer: ‗American Idol‘ Finale Ratings has increased up to 17%

comparing the Last Year.

In this headline article ―the‖ and auxiliary verb ―has‖ omitted. Also there is

rearrangement of parts of speech; the adverbial modifier of time ―Last Year‖ moved

to the beginning of the Target text.

(Billboard 23.05.11)

George Clinton sues Black Eyed Peas

for copyright infringement

Джордж Клинтон подал в суд Black

Eyed Peas за нарушение авторского

права

As the usual offer: George Clinton has sued Black Eyed Peas for copyright

infringement

42

The English word ―to sue‖ has many translations, like ―предьявлять иск,

подавать в суд, преследовать в судебном порядке, возбуждать иск, просить‖, but

according to content the most suitable variant was chosen. Also, it was translated in

past form, because it is peculiar for English headlines to write in present form but to

mean Past form.

(The Guardian 14.12.10)

Mick Jagger forms new band Super

Heavy

Мик Джаггер сформировал новую

группу «Super Heavy»

As the usual offer: Mick Jagger has formed new band called ―Super Heavy‖.

In this headline auxiliary verb ―has‖ omitted. In our opinion this is fully

admissible interpretation.

(Rolling Stone 14.05.11)

Ja Rule pleads guilty to gun charge Джа Рул признался в ношений

оружия

While translating this headline transformation-omission was used. The word

―guilty‖ was omitted; because for Russian reader it is understandable without

specification, the word ―признаться‖ is already ―guilty‖. And that would be

semantically redundant.

(The Guardian 14.12.10)

Eric Clapton Sells Over 70 Guitars at

Charity Auction

Эрик Клэптон Продал Более 70 Гитар

на Благотворительном Аукционе

As the usual offer: Eric Clapton has sold over 70 guitars at the charity auction.

Structure of the sentence is very simple and in our opinion translation is acceptable.

(Rolling Stone 10.04.11)

Blink-182 Reveal Big Plans for New

Album, Summer Tour

Blink-182 рассказывают о своих

больших планах на новый альбом и

про летнее турне

As the usual offer: Blink-182 has Revealed their Big Plans for the New Album

and Summer Tour.

In this headline article ―the‖ and auxiliary verb ―has‖ omitted. Also headline is

comple/x sentence. The word ‗Reaveal‘ was translated as ‗рассказывают‘. Itself

word reveal translated like ‗открывать, разоблачать, обнаруживать, показывать‘

and in Russian language people ‗tell‘ about plans. And that would be stylistically

correct.

(Rolling Stone 08.05.11)

Green Day's 'American Idiot' May

Become a Movie

Композиция «American Idiot» группы

Green Day Может Стать Фильмом

To translate this headline transformation-concretization was used two times. First

time to specify that ―American Idiot‖ is composition with word ―Композиция‖, and

in second time, that it is composition of the group ―Green Day‖ with word ―группы‖.

43

(Rolling Stone 13.04.11)

Rihanna: I Like My Bod Even

Though It's "Not Perfect"

Рианна: Мне Нравится Мое Тело,

Даже Если Оно «Не Идеальное»

This headline is sentence consisting direct speech. Which was mentioned by

Galperin in my theoretical part. Simple preposition ―I Like My Bod Even Though It's

"Not Perfect"‖ was translated to composite sentence ―Мне Нравится Мое Тело,

Даже Если Оно «Не Идеальное»‖.

(Rolling Stone 16.03.11)

FBI seizes John Lennon fingerprint

card from auction house

ФБР конфисковал

дактилоскопическую карту Джона

Леннона из аукциона

As the usual offer: FBI have seized John Lennon‘s fingerprint card from the

auction house.

While translating this headline transformation-omission was used in phrase

―auction house‖, the word ―house‖ was omitted. Because for reader it does not matter

whether it is auction house or just web auction in Internet.

In addition, the transformation-generalization was used. The phrase ―fingerprint

card‖ was translated like ―дактилоскопическую карту‖. It gives the exact meaning

of the phrase. But for wide range of audience it may not be clear what card are

talking about. So we offer to translate with explanatory translation. And phrase

―fingerprint card‖ to translate as ―карту с отпечатками пальцев‖. Also, there is

replacement of part of speech. Pronoun ―auction house‖ was moved to the biginning

of the sentence.

So in result it would sound like ―ФБР конфисковал из аукциона карту с

отпечатками пальцев Джона Леннона‖.

(The Guardian 08.08.10)

Eminem leads Grammys 2011 with 10

nominations

Эминем лидирует на Грэмми 2011 с

10 номинациями

As the usual offer: Eminem is leading at Grammys 2011 with 10 nominations.

This headline is simple sentence, so it can be translated as ordinary sentence. And

translation is admissible.

(The Guardian 02.12.10)

Lady Gaga: 'My tour is a religious

experience'

Леди Гага: «Мое турне это

религиозный опыт».

Headline is sentence including direct speech. And translation is acceptable in our

opinion.

(The Guardian 24.04.11)

Chris Lighty Speaks on 50 Cent's

Upcoming Ventures

Chris Lighty о предстоящих действиях

50 Cent

44

As the usual offer: Chris Lighty has spoken on 50 Cent‘s Upcoming Ventures.

In this headline auxiliary verb ―has‖ omitted. In translation of this headline two

transformations were used. First is omitting, the English word ‗Speaks‘ was omitted.

Because it is comprehensible and enough in Russian language if we say ‗о

предстоящих действиях‘.

Second transformation is generalization. The word ‗ventures‘ which can be

translated like ‗рискованное предприятие, рискованное начинание‘ was

transformed for more simple form ‗действиях‘.

(Billboard 27.04.11)

Jordan Knight 'Unfinished' Album

Premiere

Премьера Альбома Jordan Knight под

названием 'Unfinished'

As the usual offer: Premiere of Jordan Knight‘s Album called the ‗Unfinished‘.

In this headline article ―the‖ omitted.

In this sentence transformation-addition was used to concrete the name of album,

adding in Russian the word ―под названием‖. So in our opinion this is perfectly

acceptable translation.

(Billboard 27.04.11)

U2 recording album with Danger

Mouse

U2 записывает альбом с Danger

Mouse

As the usual offer: U2 is going to record album with the Danger Mouse

In the headline auxiliary verb ―is‖ and article ―the‖ was omitted. And in our

opinion this is perfectly eligible interpretation.

(The Guardian 25.10.10)

Can Owl City Soar Back To The Top

Of The Charts?

Сможет ли Owl City вернутся на

вершину чарта?

Headline is interrogative sentence. Which means it is in question form.

To translate this headline transformation-generalization was used in phrase ‗soar

back‘. It was simplified and translated as ―вернуться‖.

(Billboard 23.05.11)

U2 breaks Rolling Stones' record for

highest grossing tour

U2 побил рекорд Rolling Stones по

количеству турне

As the usual offer: U2 have broke the record of Rolling Stones for highest

grossing tour

In this sentence the transformation-generalization was used. Phrase ―highest

grossing tour‖ in literary translation can be translated like ―высокое количество

турне‖ and it is stylistically incorrect. So according to content it would be more

correct to translate like that.

(The Guardian 11.04.11)

What Should Be Rihanna's Next

Single?

Каким Должен Быть Следующий

Трек Рианны?

45

Headline is interrogative sentence which means it is in question form. And can be

translated as simple question sentence. In this sentence object ―Rihanna‖ in

translation moved to the end of the sentence. Because it is peculiarity of Russian

language, that objects generally are at the end of sentence.

(Rolling Stone 28.02.11)

Fight Over Britney Spears' Finances,

Mental State Heats Up

Война за Финансы Бритни Спирс,

Ситуация Накаляется

As the usual offer: The fight over Britney Spears‘ finances, mental state is heating

up.

The word ―fight‖ Interpreter translated using hyperbole, and we have got ―Война‖

in Russian. He used it because according to content the fight over finences is very

huge, involving Britney Spears‘ herself, mother, father and lawyer individually.

Also, he used transformation-generalization in phrase ―mental state‖. The phrase

―mental state‖ itself can be translated like ―психическое состояние; умственное

состояние‖. But translator choosing right transformation transferred it as

―Ситуация‖, speaking commonly. And in Russian language stylistically

―Психическое Состояние Накаляется‖ is not correct. So transformation is fully

acceptable.

(Rolling Stone 12.05.11)

UK music download sales hit £1bn Продажа Электронной Музыки в

Великобритании достигло 1 млрд

фунтов

To translate this headline several transformation were used. First is the

transformation-concretization. In Russian language there‘s no abbreviation for ‗UK‘,

and because of this it was transformed as ‗Великобритания‘. Second is

transformation-substitution. The word ‗download‘ was transformed into

‗Электронная‘. This word was taken from the article. Becauset to translate the

phrase ‗Music Download Sales‘ into Russian is impossible. And stylistically it would

be more correct. In our opinion this is fully admissible translation.

BPI figures reveal total digital spending by fans since 2004, with Adele's 21

the biggest-selling album.

Music fans have spent more than £1bn on downloads in the seven years since legal

digital services launched in the UK – with Adele's 21 now the biggest-selling album

online.

(The Guardian 27.04.11)

Pink Floyd Announce Massive

Reissue Project

Pink Floyd Объявляет Массовое

Переиздание

As the usual offer: Pink Floyd has announced massive reissue project

In this headline transformation-omission was used. Interpreter omitted the word

―project‖, referring that the word ―project‖ is considers semantic redundant.

46

(Rolling Stone 11.05.11)

Justin Timberlake Promises A Return

to Music

Джастин Тимберлэйк Обещает

Вернутся

As the usual offer: Justin Timberlake has promised a return to music.

In this headline transformation-omission was used. The word ―Music‖ was

omitted because it is semantically redundant. And translation is fully admissible.

(Rolling Stone 01.04.11)

Eric Benet Starts Work on New

Album, Takes First Lead Movie Role

Eric Benet Начал Работу над Новым

Альбомом, и Его Первая Главная

Роль в Фильме

As the usual offer: Eric Bennet has started working on new album, also for the

first time took a leading role in movie.

(Billboard 28.05.11)

U2 breaks Rolling Stones' record for

highest grossing tour

U2 побил рекорд Rolling Stones по

количеству турне

As the usual offer: U2 have broke the record of Rolling Stones for highest

grossing tour

In this sentence the transformation-generalization was used. Phrase ―highest

grossing tour‖ in literary translation can be translated like ―высокое количество

турне‖ and it is stylistically incorrect. So according to content it would be more

correct to translate like that.

(The Guardian 11.04.11)

2. Headline with use of a Participle of last time. They say that something has

been made in passive voice.

Examples:

Bob Dylan was addicted to heroin,

tapes reveal

Согласно записям, Боб Дилан сидел

на героине.

Headline is complex sentence. The word ―addicted‖ transformed into Russian

word ―сидел‖ using transformation-generalization. This word is typicall for the

Russian converstional speech.

Also there‘s rearrangement in the sentence, phrase ―tapes reveal‖ from the end of

the sentence in translation goes to the beginning as ―Согласно записям‖. The word

―reveal‖ transformed as ―Согласно‖ because in Russian language more stylistically

correct would be ―Согласно записям‖, not ―записи раскрывают‖.

(The Guardian 10.05.11)

Rihanna Grabbed By Fan During

'Today' Show Performance

Фанат схватил Рианну за талию во

время выступления в шоу ‗Today‘

As the usual offer: Rihanna had been grabbed by fan during her performance at

show ‗Today‘.

47

In this headline transformation-concretization was used. According to the content

of this headline she was grabbed by fan around her waist. That‘s why interpreter

translated it not only grabbed, but concreted with words ―…схватил Рианну за

талию…‖

―During her opening performance of "S&M," a fan grabbed Rihanna around

the waist as she walked through the crowd, pulling the singer into the metal

barricade.‖

Also, Source text is in Passive voice, and it was transfered into active voice

sentence.

(Billboard 27.05.11)

Lil Wayne released from prison Лила Уэйна выпустили из тюрьмы

As the usual offer: Lil Wayne was released from prison. The word ―released‖ has

different translation, ―выделенный; выпущенный; отпущенный; освобождѐнный;

раскреплѐнный; разъединѐнный‖. And in our opinion would be better to translate it

as ―освободили‖. In result: ―Лила Уэйна освободили из тюрьмы‖.

(The Guardian 04.11.10)

Pete Doherty jailed for six months Пит Доерти в тюрьме на шесть

месяцев

As the usual offer: Pete Doherty was jailed for six months. In this headline

auxiliary verb ―was‖ omitted. Also, the transformation-substitution was used. The

verb ‗jailed‘ was transformed as noun ‗в тюрьме‘. And in our opinion this is fully

acceptable interpretation.

(The Guardian 09.05.11)

Willie Nelson arrested for cannabis

possession

Уилли Нельсон арестован за хранение

марихуаны

The word ―possession‖ can be translated like ―владение; обладание;

собственность; имущество; пожитки‖ but according to context it was translated

like ―хранение‖. So this is perfectly acceptable translation.

(The Guardian 29.11.10)

Beyonce's BBMA Performance: 'I

Never Worked So Hard in My Life'

Выступление Бейонс на BBMA:

«Никогда в жизни так не работала»

As the usual offer: About her Performance in BBMA, Beyonce says: ‗I have

Never Worked So Hard in My Life‘.

In this headline auxiliary verb ―have‖ omitted. Also headline is including direct

speech. In this translation of headline was used omission of word ‗Hard‘, it was

generalized and translated as ‗так‘. Because it is understandable if we say, «Никогда

в жизни так не работала» that she worked really hard. So in our opinion this is fully

admissible interpretation.

(Billboard 03.05.11)

James Blunt: How I prevented a third James Blunt: Как Я предотвратил

48

world war Третью Мировую

As the usual offer: ―How I have prevented a third world war‖, says James Blunt.

In this translation transformation-omission was used. The word ―war‖ was

dropped. And translated just ―третья мировая‖, for reader it is understandable

without specification that ―третья мировая‖ is already means ―war‖. So it is fully

acceptable omission. And translation is eligible.

(The Guardian 15.11.10)

Former Kiss Guitarist Arrested For

Domestic Violence

Бывший Гитарист «Kiss» был

арестован за насилие в семье

As the usual offer: Former ‗Kiss‘ Guitarist has been Arrested for the Domestic

Violence. In this headline article ―the‖ and auxiliary verb ―has been‖ omitted. Phrase

Domestic Violence directly translated like ―физическое насилие дома (в

отношениях между членами семьи)‖. But if we translate directly whole sentence it

would sound like ―Бывший Гитарист «Kiss» был арестован за физическое

насилие дома‖, and reader won‘t understand what is ‗физическое насилие дома‘

and we used adaptation of culture receptor (domesticating) and translated as

‗насилие в семье‘. And now it is understandable that he made violence to members

of his family.

(Rolling Stone 02.05.11)

Lil Wayne forced to cancel European

visit

Лила Уэйна не пустили в Европу

As the usual offer: Lil Wayne have been forced to cancel European visit

In this headline transformation-omission and generalization was used. First of all,

the word ―visit‖ was omitted because generalization cancelled need of this word.

Second is generalization of phrase ―forced to cancel‖, they were translated like ―не

пустили‖. It is connected with the content: ―…The rapper spent much of last year

behind bars, serving eight months for weapon possession charges. The UK

Border Agency rejected his application because of his criminal record, which

also includes assorted drug charges since 2007…‖ As we can see his visa

application was rejected and because of that interpreter generalized phrase as ―не

пустили‖.

(The Guardian 08.04.11)

Cortney Love Sued Again for

Defamation on Twitter

Cortney Love подали в суд за Клевету

в Твиттере, опять

As the usual offer: Courtney Love had been sued again for Defamaiton on

Twitter.

There is the movement of part of speech. The adverb ―again‖ in English, is in the

middle of the sentence and in translation it was moved to the end. That‘s because

translator wanted to emphasize, according to content, that Courtney Love had been

sued second time.

49

(Billboard 27.05.11)

Guardian critic named jazz journalist

of the year

Критик Guardian стал джаз

журналистом года

As the usual offer: The Guardian critic was named as the jazz journalist of the

year. In this headline article ―the‖, auxiliary verb ―was‖ and preposition ―as‖ were

omitted.

According to the verb ―named‖ with transformation-substitution translated as

―стал‖.

John Fordham wins top prize at 2011 Parliamentary jazz awards.

Guardian critic John Fordham was won the title of jazz journalist of the year

at the 2011 Parliamentary jazz awards. Billed as "Britain's premier awards for the

jazz community and jazz fans in both Houses", winners are chosen by members of

the All Party Parliamentary Jazz Appreciation Group (APPJAG).

In their citation, the judges said: "John Fordham has been known to the British

jazz public for his finely honed critiques and observations for more than three

decades. Fordham has a broad-church approach to jazz and an open mind, as

happy writing about the Bad Plus as he is about Humphrey Lyttleton."

Other winners at the event at the House of Commons on Tuesday night (17 May)

included Edinburgh pianist Brian Kellock, heralded as jazz musician of the year;

conservatoire-trained pianist John Turville, whose Midas was acclaimed as jazz

album of the year; and Scottish group Brass Jaw, named as jazz ensemble of the year.

The APPJAG special award went to Dame Cleo Laine, "the undisputed queen of

British jazz".

(The Guardian 02.05.11)

3. Headlines with an infinitive. They say about the future event, which yet does

not happen, but should occur.

Examples:

Justin Bieber to launch own perfume Justin Bieber запускает новый аромат

As the usual offer: Justin Bieber is going to launch his own perfume. In this

headline auxiliary verb ―is going to‖ omitted.

Also, translator used transformation-addition. The pronoun ―own‖ was translated

as adjective ―новый‖. Jaustin Bieber has not ever launched perfumes, and according

to content of the headline interpreter translated it as ―новый‖.

(The Guardian 16.05.11)

Domino Records to launch new radio

station 'for the world outside of pop'

Domino Records запустит новую

радио станцию «для людей вне поп

музыки»

50

As the usual offer: Domino Records is going to launch new radio station ‗for the

people outside the pop music‘. In this headline auxiliary verb ―is going to‖ omitted.

Also, in translating the word ‗world‘ was used concretization and translated as

‗людей‘. And for reader it is understandable that the ―world‖ itself is people.

And another transformation is addition, in source text it is only said ―pop‖, not

pop music and interpreter has chosen to concrete and added the word ―музыка‖, and

at last we have ―поп музыка‖.

(The Guardian 30.04.11)

Killers to head back into the studio Killers обратно в студию

As the usual offer: The Killers are going to head back to the studio. In this

headline article ―the‖ and auxiliary verb ―is going to‖ omitted.

(The Guardian 20.04.11)

Glee producer to launch record label Продюсер Glee выпустит фирменную

наклейку на пластинке

As the usual offer: Producer of ‗Glee‘ is going to launch record label. In this

headline auxiliary verb ―is going to‖ omitted.

In this headline descriptive translation was used. The phrase ―record label‖

descriptivrly translated as ―фирменную наклейку на пластинке‖. Because if we

translate ―record label‖ as just ―лейбл‖ reader won‘t understand what itself is record

label.

(The Guardian 15.04.11)

Kanye West Will Play SXSW Кэни Уэст в Остине

As we can see Source text and Target text are absolutely different.

Interpreter used omission, concretization and again omission. The abbreviation

―SXSW‖ (South by SouthWest) was omitted at all, and instead of that the word

―Остине‖ was added. Abbreviation ―SXSW‖ may be unknown for reader not living

in USA, so interpreter decided to take the word ―Остине‖ from the content.

―…Kanye West has confirmed rumors that he will be performing at the SXSW

festival in Austin, Texas…‖ with that he concreted in what exactly Kanye West will

perform.

Then he omitted the word ―Will Play‖. With such way, interpreter perfectly saved

pragmatic aspect of the headline.

(Rolling Stone 14.03.11)

Pink Floyd to release unheard tracks Pink Floyd достает архив

As the usual offer: Pink Floyd is going to release unheard tracks. In this headline

auxiliary verb ―is going ot‖ omitted.

Translation of this headline is slightly different from Source text. Phrase ―достает

архив‖ was fully taken from the content. Because in Russian, combination ―не

услышанные песни‖ is impossible.

51

Why Pink Floyd...? releases on EMI include re-issues of all 14 studio albums and

unheard recordings from archives.

More than four decades after they released their first album, previously unheard

recordings from Pink Floyd are to be released this summer.

The tracks will be unearthed from the archives in a schedule of releases which

will include collectors' box sets and remastered studio recordings. The unheard

recordings include a version of the album title track Wish You Were Here featuring

jazz violinist Stéphane Grappelli.

(The Guardian 20.04.11)

2.4 Exprimental Part

For our experimental part we have chosen 5 students and asked to do two tasks

concerning translation of headline and guessing the content (body) according to

headline.

First task was to translate following translation:

1. Headline: Snoop Dogg considers launching hip hop version of the X Factor

First student‟s translation: Снуп Догг подумывает над запуском хип-хоп

версии альбома «The X Factor»

Second student‟s translation: Снуп Догг планирует выпустить хип-хоп

версию X Factor

Third student‟s translation: Snoop Dogg думает запустить (или начать) хип-

хоп версию проекта Х-фактор

Fourth student‟s translation: Снуп Дог предложил запуск проекта X Factor в

новом формате.

Fifth student‟s translation: Снуп Догг планирует о запуске хип-хоп версии X

Factor

Official translation: Снуп Догг думает запустить хип хоп версию X Factor

First student used transformation-concretization. While translating the phrase

―The X Factor‖ student concreted that the ―album‖ X Factor was going to be

launched. But actually the X Factor is project like our ―Superstar Kz‖, like

―American Idol‖ in USA, like ―Народный Артист‖ in Russia. So the concretization

in this sentence is improper.

Also, third student used transformation-concretization too. Student concreted by

word ―проекта Х-фактор‖.

And fourth student used transformation-generalization. Phrase ―hip hop version‖

was translated generally as ―в новом формате‖. Along with official translation,

fourth student‘s translation is acceptable, because it saves the pragmatic aspect of the

original headline.

2. Headline: Beyoncé unveils new album title: 4

First student‟s translation: Бейонс раскрывает название своего нового

52

альбома «4»

Second student‟s translation: Бейонс объявила свой новый альбом под

названием 4

Third student‟s translation: Beyoncé раскрыла имя нового альбома: 4

Fourth student‟s translation: Выпуск нового альбома Beyonce title: 4

Fifth student‟s translation: Бейонси записала новый альбом под названием: 4

Official translation: Новый Альбом Beyoncé под названием «4»

First and second student used transformation-addition of word ―своего‖ and

―свой‖.

Third student translated the word ―title‖ as ―имя‖. In typical Russian language

word ―имя‖ usually used for infused things. For not infused things, it gives

―название‖. So it is incorrect to say ―имя‖ for album.

Fourth student rearranged parts of speech. The object in English sentence

―Beyonce‖ is at the beginning and in translation it was moved to the end of sentence.

This movement is acceptable in Russian language.

But alongside with official translation, third student‘s translation is acceptable.

Because it has same style, same word arrangements with Source text. And gives exact

meaning of the headline.

3. Headline: Singing to children may help development of language skills

First student‟s translation: Пение детям может развить языковые навыки

Second student‟s translation: Пение может помочь развитию языковых

способностей у детей

Third student‟s translation: Пение маленьким детям может помочь в

развитии языковых способностей

Fourth student‟s translation: Колыбельная как новый путь развития языка.

Fifth student‟s translation: Пение может поспособствовать развитию

языковых навыков у детей

Official translation: Пение детям помогает развитию языковых способностей

Second and fifth students‘ translations used some rearrangement of part of speech.

The adjective ―children‖ from the beginning of sentence, was moved to the end of

target sentence as ―у детей‖.

Third student used addition as transformation. Student added word ―маленьким‖

in addition for word ―детям‖. Without addition it is understandable that ―дети‖ are

already small children, because there are no big children.

Fourth student thought that parents sing to children only to make them fall asleep.

That‘s why it was translated like ―Колыбельная‖.

4. Headline: Pink Floyd Reunite at Roger Waters Show in London

First student‟s translation: Воссоединение легендарных «Пинк Флойд» в

Roger Waters Шоу в Лондоне

Second student‟s translation: Новое воссоединение Pink Floyd на Шоу

53

Роджера Уотерса в Лондоне

Third student‟s translation: Pink Floyd воссоединились на шоу Roger Waters

в Лондоне

Fourth student‟s translation: Шоу Роджер Уотерс собирает старый состав

Pink Floyd!

Fifth student‟s translation: Воссоединение Pink Floyd на Roger Waters Show

в Лондоне

Official translation: Воссоединение группы «Pink Floyd» в Roger Waters

Show в Лондоне

First student used transformation-addition. Student added the Russian word

―легендарных‖, showing respect to the band.

Also the second student used addition. The word ―Новое‖ was added.

And in official translation transformation concretization was used. It was specified

that ―Pink Floyd‖ is a band with Russian word ―группы‖.

5. Headline: Michael Jackson killed himself over debt, lawyers claim

First student‟s translation: Юристы заявили Майкл Джексон повяз в долгах

Second student‟s translation: Адвокаты утверждают, что Майкл Джексон

покончил с собой из-за долгов

Third student‟s translation: Адвокаты утверждают, что Майкл Джексон

покончил с собой из-за долгов

Fourth student‟s translation: Долг подтолкнул к самоубийству Майкла

Джексона, заявил адвокат

Fifth student‟s translation: По утверждению адвокатов, Майкл Джексон

убил себя из-за долгов

Official translation: Адвокаты заявляют, самоубийство Майкла Джексона

спровоцированы долгами

First student used transformation-omission and generalization. Phrase ―killed

himself‖ was omitted, and instead of that translated generally ―повяз в долгах‖.

Fourth student‘s translation is more suitable in parts of speech with source text.

So, along with official translation this student‘s translation is eligible.

6. Headline: Radiohead leave US fans waiting for the Universal Sigh

First student‟s translation: Радиохед оставляет ждать своих американских

фанатов очередной выпуск газеты «the Universal Sigh»

Second student‟s translation: Radiohead оставляет своих фанов в США в

ожидании the Universal Sigh

Third student‟s translation: Radiohead оставили американских фанатов в

ожидании ―the Universal Sigh‖

Fourth student‟s translation: Фанаты СШ не получат свою порцию

Radiohead на Universal Sigh

Fifth student‟s translation: Фанаты Radiohead в США с нетерпением ждут

54

Universal Sigh

Official translation: Фанаты Radiohead ждут новостей от «Universal Sigh»

In source headline the word ―news‖ was omitted. Because of that most of students

did not understand the headline itself and all translations are incorrect unfortunately.

Also, in official translation the word ―US‖ was omitted.

7. Headline: Beyoncé To Be Honored by Michelle Obama, Lady Gaga, Bono

at 2011 Billboard Music Awards

First student‟s translation: Мишель Обама, Леди Гага и Боно признались,

что уважают Бейонс на «Billboard Music Awards 2011»

Second student‟s translation: No translation

Third student‟s translation: No translation

Fourth student‟s translation: Первая леди США, Lady Gaga и Bono выразили

глубокую честь Beyonce на Billborad Music Awards‘11

Fifth student‟s translation: Бейонсе была удостоена похвалы от Мишель

Обамы, Леди Гага и Боно на премии Billboard Music Awards 2011

Official translation: Michelle Obama, Lady Gaga и Bono наградили Beyonce на

«Billboard Music Awards 2011»

Because of the phrase ―To Be Honored‖ many students did not understand and

could not translate the headline. The word ―Honored‖ they translated as ―Уважают,

Выразили Глубокую Честь, Похвалы‖. But it is only ―Наградили‖.

Fourth student used concretization. Michele Obama is wife of the President of

USA Barack Obama. And she is First Lady. So the student instead of her name

replaced with phrase ―Первая леди США‖.

Generally most students transfered passive sentence into active.

8. Headline: Muse Frontman Matt Bellamy Engaged To Kate Hudson

First student‟s translation: Muse Frontman Matt Bellamy помолвлен с Кейт

Хадсон

Second student‟s translation: Солист группы Muse Мэтт Беллами помолвлен

с Кэйт Хадсон

Third student‟s translation: Фронтмен группы Muse Мэтт Беллами

помолвлен c Кейт Хадсон

Fourth student‟s translation: Солист группы MUSE помолвлен

Fifth student‟s translation: Вокалист группы Muse Мэтт Бэллами помолвлен

с Кейт Хадсон

Official translation: Солист группы «Muse» Мэтт Беллами помловлен с Кэйт

Хадсон

In this headline first and third student used transliteration of the word ―Frontman‖.

Forth student used transformation-omission. The name of actress ―Kate Hadson‖

was omitted. By that way he saved intrigue and pragmatic aspect of the headline.

9. Headline: Justin Bieber faces the biggest threat to his career: puberty

55

First student‟s translation: Джастин Бибер столкнулся с самой большой

угрозой своей карьеры – половое созревание

Second student‟s translation: Джастин Бибер переживает главную угрозу

своей карьеры: переходный возраст

Third student‟s translation: Джастин Бибер столкнулся с самой большой

опасностью для своей карьеры: половое созревание

Fourth student‟s translation: Половая зрелость – большая угроза в карьере

Джастина Бибера.

Fifth student‟s translation: У Джастина Бибера настал самый опасный

период для его карьеры: мутация голоса во время переходного периода

Official translation: Большая угроза карьере Джастина Бибера – половая

зрелость

Fifth student used transformation-concretization of translation: student explained

the word ―puberty‖ not only like ―переходной возраст‖ but also concretes that while

puberty period voice of the man starts mutating and it was translated like ―мутация

голоса во время переходного периода‖.

10. Headline: Gucci Mane gets a grime makeover

First student‟s translation: Gucci Mane сделали макияж из грязи

Second student‟s translation: No translation

Third student‟s translation: No translation

Fourth student‟s translation: Новый грим на лице G. Mane

Fifth student‟s translation: No translation

Official translation: Gucci Mane переходит на грайм

Three students out of five did not understand and did not translate this headline.

And rest two of them translated incorrectly. The ―grime‖ is direction in R&B Music,

not ―грязь‖. And the word ―makeover‖ according to context means transition, not

―макияж, грим‖.

Second task was to guess the content of the article according to headline:

1. Headline: Bruno Mars takes plea deal in cocaine case.

First student‟s opinion: Bruno Mars was accused of being involved in cocaine

case and now he is going to sue for libel

Second student‟s opinion: Bruno Mars takes plea of guilty

Third student‟s opinion:

Fourth student‟s opinion: Bruno Mars is summoned because of the cocaine case.

Fifth student‟s opinion: Bruno Mars may be arrested because of cocaine

Original Body: Singer to avoid prison sentence by pleading guilty to drug

possession, paying a fine and serving one year of probation.

First student‘s sentence is more suitable to original.

2. Headline: „Spider-Man‟ Musical Will Return To Broadway in June

First student‟s opinion: The musical ‗Spider-Man‘ is going to be shown in all

56

theaters of Broadway Street in June

Second student‟s opinion: I think that everything is clear according to headline.

Musical will return

Third student‟s opinion: The article probably says why ‗Spider-Man‘ Musical

wasn‘t on Broadway, who are the main actors, when in June they start and etc.

Fourth student‟s opinion: About the return of the musical beloved by everyone

to streets of Broadway.

Fifth student‟s opinion: The Return of well-known Musical

Original Body: The producers of Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark have announced

that the troubled musical will be relaunched on June 14th.

This time the third student‘s sentence is more suitable to original.

3. Headline: Abba set for reunion as Agnetha admits, „I have a dream‟

First student‟s opinion: The legendary group ―Abba‖ will reunite as Agnetha (a

member of this group) admitted

Second student‟s opinion: Long-awaited reunion of legendary Abba

Third student‟s opinion:

Fourth student‟s opinion: Rebirth of ABBA with their new album ―I have a

dream‖

Fifth student‟s opinion: Abba wants to make a reunion

Original Body: Despite an offer of $1bn the group has not performed for 30

years, but its most reclusive member has told a magazine that it might finally be time

to get together again

In this headline said that ―Agnetha admits‖, and not all people know that Agnetha

haven‘t been meeting with other members of group for 30 years, while other three

members had been meeting each other periodically.

4. Headline: The Guardian teams up with Glyndebourne this summer

First student‟s opinion: There is going to happen a big event that will be held by

the The Guardian and Glyndebourne

Second student‟s opinion: The Guardian will write about Glyndebourne or will

raise it to new level

Third student‟s opinion:

Fourth student‟s opinion: Information about formation of Guardians with

Glyndebourne

Fifth student‟s opinion: Consolidation of famous newspapers

Original Body: The Guardian will become the first news organisation to live

stream a complete opera this summer, when it teams up with Glyndebourne to

broadcast the last night of sell-out production Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg.

First and fifth students‘ sentences suits a little bit with source text.

5. Headline: The Real Story Behind the Beatles‟ Last Days

First student‟s opinion: The true reason of Beatles‘ breakup, what really

57

happened, what is the real event that caused Beatles‘ breakup

Second student‟s opinion: Disclosure of the Beatles‘ Last Days

Third student‟s opinion: The story probably tries to intrigue the readers with

new facts about the Beatles‘ last days, has some interviews with famous people and

may include photos.

Fourth student‟s opinion: Disclosure of some facts about Beatles

Fifth student‟s opinion: The real story about Beatles‘ last days

Original Body: Sunday marked an anniversary most Beatles fans would rather

forget: the day in 1970 when Paul McCartney announced to the world that the Beatles

were essentially over.

So to conclude second chapter we wanted to mention what we have done in this

chapter. We have defined two magazines: ―Boolboard‖, ―Rolling Stone‖ and one

newspaper ―The Guardian‖, showing their history, their development through these

years, and in what directions they do work.

Also, we defined and explained directions in music. Specifically R&B Music, Pop

Music and Rock Music telling their history, way of development, subdirections in

itself and have shown representatives of these directions.

Then we analyzed translations of music headlines, showing different problems,

issues, peculiarities, grammatical and syntactical transformations and ways of

translation.

In our experimental part we obviously showed that without background

knowledge, without awareness about headlines and their peculiarities, it is difficult to

translate music headlines.

58

CONCLUSION

Generally headline can be defined as the denomination of literаture, scientific or

musicаl produce. Mаny dictionаries define Heаdline аs а short summаry of the most

importаnt items of news reаd аt the beginning of а news progrаmme on the rаdio or

television. Heаdline is one of the bаsic newspаper feаtures. The heаdline is the title

given to а news item or newspаper аrticle [14, c. 42].

In conclusion we wanted to mention that aim of this research was to determine the

adequacy of the translation model, from difficulties in headline trаnslаtion of music

articles. To solve these problems some objectives were set:

1) Identification peculiarities of English Press Headlines:

The mаin function of the heаdline is to inform the reаder briefly of whаt the news

thаt follows is аbout. Sometimes heаdlines show the reporter‘s or pаper‘s аttitude of

the fаct reported. In most of the English аnd Аmericаn newspаpers sensаtionаl

heаdlines аre quite common. The function аnd the peculiаr nаture of English

heаdlines determine the choice of lаnguаge meаns used. Heаdlines аlso contаin

emotionаlly colored words аnd phrаses аs the itаlicized words.

Syntаcticаlly heаdlines аre very short sentences or phrаses аnd hаve а vаriety of

pаttern:

- Full declаrаtive sentences

- Interrogаtive sentences

- Nominаtive sentences

- Ellipticаl sentences

- Sentences with аrticles omitted (Аrticles аre frequently omitted in аll types of

heаdline)

- Complex sentences

- Heаdlines including direct speech

The Heаdlines in English lаnguаge newspаpers cаn be very difficult to understаnd.

One reаson for this is thаt newspаper heаdlines аre often written in а speciаl style,

which is very difficult from ordinаry English.

2) Identification peculiarities of Music Press Headlines

The music press is defined as a press availing a high reputation, appropriate

culture and outlook of the audience of a certain level, namely, mainly designed for

artists, interested in music, culture and tradition.

Question about functions is traditionally debated issue in the study of problems of

headline translation. On the basis of the theoretical studies on the subject, some

researchers of Russian science, namely, V.S. Muzheva [10, c. 86], L.D. Petrova [11,

c. 78], S.P. Suvorov [12, c. 79], E.A. Lazareva [13, c. 69], focused on

summarizing the roles of the headlines, paying attention on the development of

modern newspaper language, appropriately classified as generic functions:

59

- Nomination

- Informative,

- Pragmatic,

- Predictive,

- Integrative, as well as optional features:

- Compositional

- Informative-educational.

3) Translation analysis of Music Press Headlines from English into Russian

Translation analyisis of practical material suggests that nowadays there is an

intense process of democratization and liberalization of the media, resulting in

a violation of literary-linguistic norms, which is becoming less

standard and mandatory. Headlines most forthrightly reflect events that occur in

modern society. While analyzing the translation processes of headlines we have

revealed different types of transformations used by interpreters:

- Transformation-omission

- Transformation-concretization

- Transformation-addition

- Transformation-generalization

Also, we shall notice, that in connection of specific character of music headlines,

and in their functional direction, not all grammatic transformations used while

translating from English into Russian. Music headline which must, in condensed form

objectively describe the situation, rarely consists of several sentences or compound

sentences. Therefore, transformations like division or unification of sentence,

substitution of compound sentence into simple sentence, substitution of main clause

into subordinate clause and vice versa, substitution of compound sentence into

complex sentence and vice versa are not typical for translation of music press

headlines.

Substitution of simple sentence into complex and conjunctional sentence into

conjunctionless sentences can be found very rarely.

Also substitutions of gender categories are not typical for transllarion of music

headlines.

Substitution of part of sentence, substitution of parts of speech, rearrangement,

concretization, generalization, addition and omission were the most widespread

grammatical transformations in translation of music press headlines, and the reason

for that is the difference of language structure from ordinary English sentence, partly

because of peculiarity of music press headline.

60

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