Problems• Millions of gallons of sewage are dumped

into the river.• Chemicals from agricultural runoff and

industrial wastes (Nitrogen from fertilizers and arsenic from industry are the leading pollutants).

Problems• Many species of plants and animals

along the river are disappearing.• Blue-green algae growth caused by high

levels of nitrogen and phosphates. The algae reduces oxygen causing fish to die.

• Contaminated fish are eaten by the Chinese which leads to other health problems.

Solutions• Building more water treatment facilities.• Encouraging the building of sanitary

landfills.However, the pollution continues to

worsen in “China’s Toilet Bowl”Real solution: Education

CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF FLOODING

• India-

• China-

FLOODING IN INDIA

• Deforestation• Poor urban drainage• Building of dams• Monsoons• Inadequate town planning• Overpopulation

• FLOODING!!!!• When you alter the

land the water is not able to go where it is supposed to go, which in turn develops into a flood!

Causes Effects

“Super Luxury!”

FLOODING IN CHINA

• Deforestation• Erosion• Ice blockage• Breaking of the levees• Monsoons• Towns established in flood

plains

• FLOODING (in China) !!!!

Causes Effects

CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION

Air Pollution in China

Air Pollution in India

Air Pollution Causes• Enormous and growing population• Rapid growth of cities• Development of industry• Dependence on coal• Automobile emissions• Open fires in rural areas using wood,

animal dung or coal as fuel

AIR POLLUTION IN CHINA

• Coal burning• Few environmental

standards enforced• HUGE numbers of cars

on the roads

• Acid Rain• Cancer- leading cause of

death• 1% of air is classified as safe

to breathe by European Standards

• Dissolving of limestone buildings

Causes Effects

“At the junction of Ningxia province and Inner Mongolia province, I saw a tall chimney puffing out golden smoke covering the blue sky, large tracts of the grassland have become industrial waste dumps; unbearable foul smell made people want to cough; Surging industrial sewage flowed into the Yellow River…”

Fan Jai Zhuang in Anyang City, Henan province, there is only one wall separating this village from the steelmaking furnaces. The villagers live in this heavily polluted environment where the village is under the iron rain every day. March 24, 2008

Shizuishan Industrial district in Ningxia province, the tall chimneys spitted out smoke and dust. Residents took preventive measure for the falling dust from the sky when going outside. April 22, 2006

In Inner Mongolia there were 2 “black dragons” from the Lasengmiao Power Plant covering the nearby villages. July 26, 2005

Zhaozhuang village by the Hong River in Wugang City, Henan province, 66-year-old Zhao Bingkun suffering from esophageal cancer since 2004, after the second surgery, treatment cost already have reached over 200,000 yuan. His condition is in late stage, he is having fever everyday, waiting for death. April 7, 2009

People form Fanjiazhuang are ready to submit a complain filled with their fingerprints, to seek compensation for pollution damages. March 19, 2008

Chinese factories violate air pollution guidelines

Yutian, Hebei province: Cyclists ride through a cloud of pollution produced by a nearby factory.

INDIA

AIR POLLUTION IN INDIA

• Vehicles and industry emissions

• Road dust• Old diesel engines- lack of

emissions• Cremations- use of butter ghee• Lack of pollution standards

• 50% of children suffer from Asthma.

• Respiratory and cardiovascular problems

• Premature death• Lung disease

Causes Effects

1960’S GREEN REVOLUTIONThis was India’s attempt to modernize Indian agriculture

1) Continued expansion of farming areas 2) Double cropping existing farmlands 3) Using seeds with improved genetics

Rice & wheat are leading agricultural products in India!

EXPANSION OF FARMLAND• The area of land under cultivation

was being increased right from 1947.

• This was not enough in meeting with rising demand.

• Other methods were required. Yet, the expansion of cultivable land also had to continue.

• So, the Green Revolution continued with this quantitative expansion of farmlands.

DOUBLE-CROPPING• Double-cropping was a primary

feature of the Green Revolution.• Instead of one crop season per

year, the decision was made to have two crop seasons per year.

• The one-season-per-year practice was based on the fact that there is only natural monsoon per year. This was correct. So, there had to be two "monsoons" per year. One would be the natural monsoon and the other an artificial 'monsoon.'

SEEDS WITH IMPROVED GENETICS• New types of seeds and grains

were introduced• Indian Council for Agricultural

Research • Developed new strains of high

yield value (HYV) seeds, mainly wheat and rice but also millet and corn.

UH, OH! THERE ARE PROBLEMS

• Pesticides and fertilizers were made available… YIKES!

• The chemicals the farmers used increased pollution in streams and rivers.

• Some farmers found the new techniques too expensive to use!

Overall Effects of Air PollutionEffects:

• The Asian Brown Cloud over parts of India and China

• High rate of respiratory diseases (diseases of the lungs, bronchial tubes and trachea). The leading cause of death in China is respiratory and heart disease.

• Acid Rain• Changes in climate

Solutions• India is finding it difficult to enforce

many of the laws that would limit air pollution. Why?– Desire for continued economic growth

• China is trying to find ways to control pollution while maintaining economic growth.

• China was able to reduce some pollutants by 45% before the summer Olympics.

HOT SEAT REVIEW QUESTIONS!• What is the introduction of

harmful substances into the environment called?

• Another name for the Yangtze River?

• T/F- Yangtze River was named one of the busiest waterways in the world?

• Name one cause of pollution in the Yangtze River

• What does the Ganges River provide to Northern India?

• Name one effect of pollution in the Ganges River

• One cause of air pollution in China

• T/F- Dams cause flooding in India?

• What group developed strains of high yield value seeds?