PROBLEM WITH ADJECTIVESMeet 24

Matakuliah : G0794/ Bahasa Inggris Tahun : 2007

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By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

• Identify the problems with Adjectives

Learning Outcomes

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Contents

• Materi 1: Recognize -ly adjective • Materi 2: Use predicate adjectives correctly • Materi 3: Use -ed and -ing adjectives

correctly • Materi 4: Exercises• Materi 5: TOEFL EXERCISE• Materi 6: TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISES

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AdjectivesAn adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun by describing, identifying, or quantifying words. An adjective usually precedes the noun or the pronoun which it modifies.

In the following examples, the highlighted words are adjectives:– The truck-shaped balloon floated over the treetops.– Mrs. Morrison papered her kitchen walls with hideous wall paper.– The small boat foundered on the wine dark sea.– The coal mines are dark and dank.– Many stores have already begun to play irritating Christmas music.– A battered music box sat on the mahogany sideboard.– The back room was filled with large, yellow rain boots.

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An adjective can be modified by an adverb, or by a phrase or clause functioning as an adverb. In the sentence,

My husband knits intricately patterned mittens.the adverb ``intricately'' modifies the adjective ``patterned.''

Some nouns, many pronouns, and many participle phrases can also act as adjectives. In the sentence

Eleanor listened to the muffled sounds of the radio hidden under her pillow. both highlighted adjectives are past participles.

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Possessive AdjectivesA possessive adjective (``my,'' ``your,'' ``his,'' ``her,'' ``its,'' ``our,'' ``their'') is similar or identical to a possessive pronoun; however, it is used as an adjective and modifies a noun or a noun phrase, as in the following sentences:

– I can't complete my assignment because I don't have the textbook.

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Demonstrative AdjectivesThe demonstrative adjectives ``this,'' ``these,'' ``that,'' ``those,'' and ``what'' are identical to the demonstrative pronouns, but are used as adjectives to modify nouns or noun phrases, as in the following sentences:

– When the librarian tripped over that cord, she dropped a pile of books.

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Interrogative AdjectivesAn interrogative adjective (``which'' or ``what'') is like an interrogative pronoun, except that it modifies a noun or noun phrase rather than standing on its own (see also demonstrative adjectives and possessive adjectives):

– Which plants should be watered twice a week?

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Indefinite AdjectivesAn indefinite adjective is similar to an indefinite pronoun, except that it modifies a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase, as in the following sentences:

– Many people believe that corporations are under-taxed.

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Attributive AdjectivesAdjectives which appear directly beside the noun, most commonly before, are called attributive, because they attribute a quality to the noun they modify. More than one adjective can modify the same noun.

Examples: He washed the empty cup. "Empty" is an attributive adjective, as it is placed directly beside the noun "cup." It is describing the cup.

The chatter made the room noisy. This is an instance in which the attributive adjective appears directly behind the noun. "Noisy" is describing the "room."

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Predicate Adjectives: Adjectives which appear after a linking verb are called predicative, because they form part of the predicate. They modify the subject of the sentence or clause (a clause is a portion of a sentence which contains a subject and a predicate).

Examples: The painting was colourful. noun: painting linking verb: was adjective: colourful (describing the noun"painting")

The wind remained strong. noun: wind linking verb: remained adjective: strong (describing the noun "wind")

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MATERI PENDUKUNG

1. http://www.learn4good.com/languages/toefl/toefl_stan_test2.htm

2. http://www.ets.org/ell/testpreparation/toefl/