RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES BANGLORE, KARNATAKA.

ANNEXURE –IISYNOPSIS PROFORMA FOR REGISTERATION OF SUBJECTS FOR

DISSERTATION

1. NAME OF THE CANDIDATE

AND ADDRESS

LINTO M THOMAS

1st YEAR M.Sc NURSING

RAJEEV COLLEGE OF NURSING,

HASSAN, KARNATAKA

2 NAME OF THE INSTITUTION RAJEEV COLLEGE OF NURSING,

HASSAN , KARNATAKA

3 COURSE OF STUDY AND

SUBJECT

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING

(COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING)

4 DATE OF ADMISSION TO THE

COURSE

12 th JUNE 2009

5 TITLE OF THE TOPIC EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED

TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE

REGARDING MANAGEMENT OF FLOODS

AMONG NATIONAL SERVICE SCHEME

(NSS) VOLUNTEERS OF RAJEEV COLLEGE

OF NURSING AT HASSAN

5.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM “A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS

OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME

ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING

MANAGEMENT OF FLOODS AMONG

NATIONAL SERVICE SCHEME (NSS)

VOLUNTEERS OF RAJEEV COLLEGE OF

NURSING AT HASSAN”.

6. BRIEF RESUME OF WORK INTENDED

6.1 INTRODUCTION

“A stitch in time saves nine”

As children, perhaps our first recollection of a natural disaster was hearing about Noah

and the Great flood in the book of Genesis. The fairy tale fashion in which the story is invariably

told in no way prepares one for the destruction and devastation that disasters truly leave behind.

We do not expect disasters but they happen. (waeckerle, 1991 Page 820) .Disasters can affect one

family at a time as in a house fire, or in the case of a chemical leak in Bhopal kills 2500 people

and injured 150,000 (Taggart 1985). One earth quack in Iran killed 40,000 people and created an

instant home less population of approximately 500,000. 1

A disaster is defined as a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a

society causing widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses which exceed

the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. 2

Disasters can be divided into natural and man made or technological. Natural disasters include

floods, draughts, forest fires, earth quakes, tsunamis, hurricanes volcanic eruptions, tornadoes.

Man made includes hazardous substance accidents, radiological accidents, dam failures,

structural fire and explosions, and domestic disturbances.3

A flood is an over flow or accumulation of an expanse of water that submerges land. This

is one of the main natural disasters. The word flood comes from the old English word ‘flood’

which means flow. Flooding may result from the excess volume of water with in a body of water

such as, a river or a lake, which over floes or break levees, with the result that some of the water

escapes its natural boundaries. Floods have their greatest impacts at local level especially in the

lives of ordinary people. Current disasters are becoming more complex and climate change

posses a greater potential for adverse impacts (Aalst & Burton )4

The national commission on floods (1980) assessed the flood prone area in India as 40

million ha (12% of geographical area).Out of the total area liable to floods about 80% (32

million ha) could be provided with reasonable protection and approximately 50% of such area

has been so for through various means of flood management measures.

India is a vast country with a total geographical area of 3.29 million sq.km. It lies

between the longitudes’ 68 ۫۫۫۫ ۫۫ O’ and 97 ۫ 30’ east and between latitudes 8 ۫۫۫ ۫ O’ and 37 ۫ North. Due to

its vastness the different regions of the country have varied climate and rain fall patterns. The

rain fall has extremely wide fluctuation ranging from 110mm in western Rajasthan to 11,000mm

in north Eastern part of the country with average annual amounting to 1150mm. Heavy freak rain

fall does, however occur in the driest regions and cloud bursts are not unknown in some

particular areas. 5

Rural people’s lively hood depends on natural resources and their knowledge to manage

available natural resources. Their knowledge continues to evolve under changing circumstances,

based on personal experiences and observations are observed from secondary sources. In contrast

to the populist view of cultural embedded ness of local knowledge. We assert that farmers

knowledge that have developed and used in their decision making have ecological rationality in

most cases and can be differentiated from cultural and supernatural aspects. Effective

communication is a solution to improve the knowledge level of local people regarding

managing and careful use natural resources6. This can successively do by NSS volunteers of

different areas of because they are the helping hands of the needy people.

6.2 NEED FOR THE STUDY

‘We can not pursue long term strategies of health for all with out paying attention to the

global problem of disasters’ (Pickens 1992)

Disasters create the most devastation in developing countries, where the death rate is

three to four times higher than in developed countries. Poor people suffer the most, since their

houses are less steady and they have fewer resources and less means of social security. 7

Natural disasters between 1960 and 1989 affected 233million people in china alone,

claiming 7, 27,849 lives and injuring 4, 25,162. Disasters are not confined to a particular part of

the world they can occur anywhere and at any time. Statistics, gathered since 1969, show the

dramatic rice in the number of people affected by disasters. 1

On the whole morbidity which results from a disaster situation can be classified in to

four types such as Injuries, Emotional stress, Epidemic of disease and Increase in indigenous

disease. Excessive flooding is a world wide problem which in many countries results to loss of

life and extensive damage to infrastructure and agricultural production. Much of the international

emergency assistance is directed to alleviate the immediate short-term problems arising as a

result of excessive floods. 8

LOSS DUE TO FLOOD (WORLD REPORT) 09

YEAR UNADJUSTED

DAMAGES (k)

CCI

INDEX

ADJUSTMENT

FACTOR

ADJUSTED

DAMAGES

(BILLION)

2000 $1,338,735 6221 1.28 $1.714

2001 $7,309,308 6334 1.26 $9.210

2002 $1,211,339 6538 1.22 $1.478

2003 $2,482,230 6695 1.19 $2.954

2004 $13,970,646 7115 1.12 $15.647

2005 $42,010,435 7446 1.07 $44.951

2006 $3,744,636 7751 1.03 $3.857

2007 $2,609,160 7966 1.00 $2.609

Most floods occur because of excessive rainfall and dam failures. It has been estimated

that more than 700,000 hectors of useful land for agricultural land human settlements are

rendered use less due to annual floods in Nigeria. For example in August 2001 excessive

flooding cussed severe devastation of land property and human life in Kano & Jigawa States

when rivers Challawa and Kano were flooded. It was reported that 20 people died in Kano and a

further 48,500 were displaced. While in Jigawa, 180 deaths were registered, 800 people were

injured and 35,500 displaced. The total number of people affected including those whose

farmlands were washed away, exceeded 143,000. 10

FLOODS IN INDIA

India blessed with a large number of natural resources and heavy

rainfalls which give immense advantages as well as many draw backs like floods. This is a vast

country with a total geographical area of 3.29 million Sq.km. Due to its vast ness the different

regions of the country have varied climates and rainfall patterns, The rain fall has extremely wide

fluctuations. Rural population of this country has suffered a lot from this flood. Those made a

huge disturbance in villager’s life by destructing their crops, farmlands, homes and their lives.11

MAXIMUM DAMAGE BETWEEN 1953 TO 2004 IN INDIA (CWC, 2006-2007) 12

Item Unit Average During

(1953-2004)

Max Damage(Year) Damage

during

2004

Area affected Million

Hectare

7.63 17.50(1978) 8.47

Population of

affected

Million 32.92 70.45(1978) 34.19

Human live cost No. 1597 11316(1977) 1650

2.92 Million

Hectare

3.56 10.15(1988)

Value of damage

Crops

Rs. Crore 708.574262.62(2000)

755.67

Value of damage

houses

Rs. Crore 251.05 1307.89(1995) 870.73

Value of damage

public utilities

Rs. Crore 813.69 5604.00(2001) 2228.25

Value of total

damage to houses,

crops and public

utilities

Rs. Crore 1917.07 8864.54(2000) 3854.65

2008 FLOODS In this season flood hitted mainly on Eastern parts of India, West Bengal and Orissa hit

with heavy rains, creating flood-like situations in the two states. This monsoon killed 100 people.

In the second section of the monsoon hit Andhra, Karnataka, and Kerala. 42 people died in

Andhra alone. In Mumbai heavy rains lashed the city and its suburbs, affecting traffic and

disrupting rail services of 10th & 11 th August. 13

2009 FLOODS Floods triggered by heavy monsoon rains have killed many people in 2009. It affected

various states of India.

YEAR STATE NO. OF DEATHS

2009 Karnataka 178

2009 Orissa 36

2009 Andhra 37

2009 Maharashtra 25

2009 Kerala 13

2009 Delhi 10

This current year flood affects millions of people in India directly among them many lost

their life, homes, family members, farming and so on. Schools and colleges closed for many

weeks. Lakhs of people stayed in relief camps. As usual, this flood also affected worsely on rural

people. Studies show that lack of knowledge regarding managing floods is the main cause of

the severe loss. 14

FLOODS IN KARNATAKA

The heaviest flood in over 100 years, today hit the Prakasam Barrage on Krishna River

threatening several villages downstream even as the toll due to heavy rain and rampaging floods

in Karnataka. River Krishna virtually turned into a sea in all its fury as a record 10.61 causes of

flood water reached Prakasam Barrage. This was the heaviest flood at Krishna River in more

than 106years as the previous record stands at 10.30 lakh caused in 1903.

Losses in this year

State Affected Damaged

houses

Killed people Displaced

people

Karnataka

&Andhra

400 villages 300,000 Over 200 Over 2 million

Karnataka people suffered actually due to lack of food and clean water. It is very difficult

to give instant solutions to thus people who are all living in flood prone area. However, more

lasting solutions are required to overcome and reduce the negative effects of flooding in a

sustainable way. For dealting the current problem, it is mandatory to make villagers more

educated on floods and its management. Through proper knowledge people can be ready to face

a flood.9 In here NSS volunteers can do a great job. As they work not only in a single area but to

move around and they can help millions of people. 15

6.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHUNG

PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING MANAGEMENT OF FLOODS

AMONG. N S S VOLUNTEERS OF RAJEEV COLLEGE OF NURSING, HASSAN

6.4 OBJECTIVES1. Identify the level of knowledge of N S S volunteers of Rajeev College of nursing on

management of floods during pre- test.

2. Asses the level of knowledge of N S S volunteers of Rajeev College of nursing on

management floods after administering Structured Teaching Pprogramme.

3. Implement an effective Structured Teaching Programme on management of floods for N

S S volunteers of Rajeev College of nursing .

4. Associate the level of knowledge of the N S S volunteers of Rajeev College of nursing

with selected demographic variables.

6.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

There will be significant difference in the level of knowledge of the N S S volunteers of

Rajeev College of nursing, who received the STP on flood management.

6.6 ASSUMPTIONS This study will

1. Create an innovative approach among the N S S volunteers of Rajeev College of

nursing for managing floods.

2. Promote the level of knowledge regarding flood management among NSS volunteers of

Rajeev College of nursing at Hassan.

6.7 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION 1. ASSESS:

It refers to judge the worth of Structured Teaching Programe on flood

management

2. EFFECTIVENESS:

It refers to the capacity of Structured Teaching Programe on flood management

for NSS volunteers to improve their knowledge level for overcoming further floods

effectively.

3. STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME:

It refers to systematically organized instruction on managing floods

4. KNOWLEDGE:

It refers to the understanding of the NSS volunteers on flood management

5. NSS VOLUNTEERS:-

Students, who enrolled as NSS volunteer as per the norms of National Service

Scheme.

6. FLOOD MANAGEMENT:: The way of overcoming or getting prepared for the flood by means of

education regarding precautions and life saving methods.

7.RAJEEV COLLEGE OF NURSING:

One of the leading nursing institutions in Karnataka.

6.8 CRITERIA FOR SAMPLE SELECTION INCLUSION CRITERIA:

1. Male and Female NSS volunteers of Rajeev College of nursing at Hassan.

2. NSS volunteers of Rajeev College of nursing at Hassan, Who are willing to

participate in the study.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

1. Male and Female NSS volunteers of Rajeev College of nursing at Hassan, who are

not willing to participate in this study.

6.9 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY: a. This study is limited to 100 NSS volunteers.

b. NSS volunteers of Rajeev College of nursing.

6.10 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: This study will

1. Provide adequate knowledge to the NSS volunteers of Rajeev College of

nursing at Hassan for managing floods.

6.11 CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORKTheoretical frame work is based on Betty Neumens theory.

6.12 REVIEW OF LITRATURE:-

1. Study conducted on 2009 by Pragya Kothari . She explained the terrific face of

flood in Karnataka and Andhra. Researcher’s aim was to find the hazards due to recent

floods in these two states. Researcher did 256 referrals and 445 views to find the exact

condition of Karnataka and Andhra. The final outcome was her success in her attempt by

find out the 5000 people’s death and more than 10,000 people lost their homes and

numerous people lost their farmland. 12

2. Study of Geographical Information system(GIS) and local knowledge in flood

management conducted on 2008 by Phons Tra n, Rajib shaw , John Norton in Vietnam.

The need for the study was to combine GIS and local knowledge into disaster

management at local level and they suggest a way to mobilize available human and

technical resource to strengthen a good partnership between local communities and

national institutions. They used data and mythologies ware, hydrological information and

flood records, geographical information including topography and land use, river

morphology, meteorological information relating to flood seasons so on. Methodologies

are proximity to the main river low-lying areas, distance from main roads. They

discussed about the importance of using flood mapping and its uses. 04

3. Case study of Allahabad City based on G I S flood management has done by

Syed Hasan Abas in the year of 2006. He states that disasters can well managed through

Spatial Planning. The objective of this study is to improve flood preparedness and

management for Allahabad District. The study will include development of G I S based

early response system and an emergency preparedness plan for the district and also

analyze the impact of flood disasters in the region. G I S based conceptual framework for

disaster management has also been suggested in this paper. This study reveals the

maximum damage between 1953to 2004in INDIA. (CWC 2006-07). The result shows

that 54 villages are surrounded by water reaches up to 84.50m. One can identify the

villages which are affected by this danger mark. The G I S generated map shows that out

of 54 villages only 7 villages mud road and 47 villages have paved road. Mud road

villages required more attention than paved road . G I S tool can be beneficial for getting

all the relevant information at the time of occurrence of the disaster.17

04. Study conducted, on 2006, regarding public perception of flood risk and

community based disaster preparedness by Tadahiro Motoyoshi states about participatory

flood risk management in local communities, it is necessary to understand how residents

perceive flood risks in their areas and what type of consciousness residents regarding

disaster preparedness actions. It has been pointed out that the ability of communities to

prevent disasters has declined as nuclear families increased, traditional communities

declined and solitary, live alone old people increased. This study examines consciousness

in accepting flood risks and the intention to participate in community based disaster

preparedness activities and carries out studies on each casual model based on

questionnaire were conducted in about 17 months after the Takoi region Torrential Rains

in 2000. Two findings were obtained through this study. First self responsibility,

consciousness about zero risk, acceptance of ordinary risks, and trust in alternative bodies

affect acceptance of flood 09

05. Study of local ecological knowledge in natural resource management

conducted on 2004 by laxman Joshi, Luis Avevalo, Nellyluque at Bogor in Indonesia. In

this study discussed about the common problems while using and managing natural

resources. They find the cause of this problem is the lack of knowledge of local people

so, they give suggestions to solve this problem is the better communication and

improving knowledge level of common man. They mainly concentrate on farmer and

rural people because they found that they are the least knowledge people regarding the

management of local resources especially rivers, ponds, lake, and so on. 04

06. Study of associated programme on flood management 2003 has done by

Suresh Chandra it was an integrated flood management case study. This study mainly

concentrated on description of floods in Damodar valley and flood management

measures. He also narrated type of flood event, implementation of Damodar valley

scheme and institution responsible for flood management. The final outcome of this study

was the recommendation of impresting policies which have already olewen by 1978

national Commission.5

07. Study was conducted on Nov 2003- April 2006 by Prof. Kamta Prasad

(chairman institute for resource management and Economic Development, India) The

need for the study was a local action related to involvement of flood in south Asia. The

objectives were building resilience in flood prone communities through participation to

reduce vulnerability and promoting integrated flood management linking land and water

uses, flood risks, socio-economic development. The study was initiated by APFM of

GUM/WMO in Nov 2003. This study has done by 3 phases. The final outcome of this

study was national seminars have conducted and it increases the mix of participation. 02

08. Study of Phytore mediation as a management option for contaminated

sediments in tidal marshes has completed by Bert.V, Seuntsens.P, Bejonghe.W

Lacherez.S, Thuv.H.T, Vande castede.B. The aim of this study was to review the current

management, remediation (phyto) and associated risks in the particular cases of

sediments contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants. This study contains the

important feature are management options for ecosystem on polluted sediments, based on

phy to remediation of contaminated sediments with floods on phytoextraction

phytostabilisation and phytoremediation of organic pollutants.18

09. Study of adaptation and mitigation strategies for climate change by suddhachit

mitra. In this studies researcher has drawn that a certain amount of climate changes is

now inevitable due to history emissions and inertia of the system in spite of robust

mitigation methods. Adaptation strategies yield benefits almost immediately the research

discussed about choice of planets particularly crucial for phytonemediation success on

contaminated sediments. At last research conducted by in some circumstances as to avoid

flooding or to ensure navigation dredging operations are necessary.19

10. Study of risk analysis and uncertainty in flood damage reduction conducted in

the year of 2000by commission of Geosciences Environment and Resources (CGER) The

need for this study was to find out the possible ways of reducing flood damages. They

discussed about the multidisciplinary understanding of the earth sciences. And civil

engineering. The final result, they suggested that, dams, and other river works must be

sized to local conditions, Geotechnical theories, and applications help ensure that

structures will safely withstand potential hydraulic and seismic forces and economic

considerations must be balanced to ensure that reductions in flood damages are

commensurate with project costs and associated impacts on social , economical, and

environmental values .20

7 .METERIALS AND METHODS OF STUDY:-

Source of data:

Data will be collected from the NSS volunteers of Rajeev College of nursing, Hassan.

7.1 Method of collecting data:1. Research design-

A quasi – experimental study is planned for the research study.

Quasi- experimental Study designA group of 100 NSS

volunteers of Rajeev

college.

Pre test intervention Post test

Study group O1 x O2

Keys

O1- pretest knowledge regarding flood management among NSS volunteers of Rajeev

College at Hassan

O2-post test knowledge regarding flood management among NSS volunteers of Rajeev College

at Hassan

X – Structured teaching programme on flood management

2. RESERCH SETTING The setting includes Rajeev College of nursing, where the research study is intended to

be conducted.

3. POPULATION:- 100 NSS volunteers of Rajeev College of nursing.

4. SAMPLE:-The NSS volunteers of Rajeev College of nursing, who have fulfilled the inclusion

criteria

5. SAMPLE SIZE:-100 NSS volunteers of Rajeev College of nursing at Hassan

6. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:- Simple random technique will be used for selecting the sample.

7. COLLECTION OF DATA:-Interview method is planned for collection of data will be done by using self administered

questionnaire.

8. VARIABLES:-Independent variable:

Structured Teaching Programme on flood management for NSS volunteers of Rajeev

College of nursing at Hassan

Dependent variable:

Knowledge of NSS volunteers regarding floods management.

9. PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS:-

1. Descriptive statistics analysis includes percentage mean, median, frequency, and standard

deviation for NSS volunteers of Rajeev College of nursing at Hassan on flood

management.

2. Inferential statistics: It includes independent t– test paired t-test and ANNOVA test for

the assessment of knowledge and to associate with socio demographic variables is

planned.

10. PILOT STUDY:-

10%of the population is planned for the pilot study which will be conducted during the month

of April 2010.

11. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS:-

a. Does the study require any intervention to be conducted on the Rajeev College of nursing?

- Yes, informed consent will be taken from the Principal.

b. Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution?

- Yes.

c. Has the consent been taken from the principal?

- Yes.

12. LIST OF REFERENCES :-1. Sanhope and Land caster. COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING – promoting health

of aggregates, families, and individuals. Fourth edition. 376-379

2. Prof. Kamta Prasad. Community approach to flood management in South Asia

www.worldwaterforum4.org.

3. Susan Clemen, Stone. Sandra L McGuire Comprehensive Community Health

Nursing. Fifth edition: 148-150.

4. Phong tran, GIS and local knowledge in disaster management.– Local ecological

knowledge in natural resource management .www.gis.com

5. Suresh Chandra, India : Flood management – Damodar river basin

6. Laxman Joshi. Luis Arevalo . Julio Alegre and Fergus Sindair. Local ecological

knowledge in natural resource management . www.millenniumassessment.org

7. Dr. B. Sridhar Rao. Principles of community medicine fourth edition. 449-452

8. 2008 flood studies in India .www.wikipedia.org

9. .Mithra C N -Flood losses: complication of flood losses. http://bids.org.bd

10. Flood indication hazard modeling of the river Kaduna using remote sensing and

geographic information system: www. Isdehs.com

11. 2009 flood studies and its consequences according to Ministry of home affairs disaster

management unit www.wikipidia.org

12. Pragya Kothari .; Flood management : flood wreak havoc in Andhra &Karnataka at

least 200 people killed . www.toostep.com

13.2008 flood studies and its consequences according to Ministry of home affairs disaster

management unit. www.wikipidia.org

14. Rain fury claims 240 lives in 3 states, millions affected in Karnataka

www.expressindia.com

15. Urgent appeal for millions affected by floods in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka:

www.sewainternational.org

16...Pragya Kothari .; Flood management : flood wreak havoc in Andhra &Karnataka at

least 200 people killed . www.toostep.com

17. Sayed Hasan Abbas . G I S based flood management- case study of Allahabad City.

18. Bert V. Seuntjens P. Dejonghe W .Lacherez S. Thuv.H.T. Vande castede. B -

Phytoremediation a management option for contaminated sediments in tidal marshes,

flood controlareasand dredged sediment landfill sites. www.springerlink.com

19. Suddhachit Mitra ; Adaptation and mitigation strategies for climate change: a brief

review . www.coolavenues.com

20. Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources; risk analysis and

uncertainty in flood damage reduction studies.www.nap.edu