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Private & Confidential
PPLive—A Practical P2P Live System with Huge Amount of Users
Gale HuangP2P Software [email protected] Synacast Media-Tech Corp.Sept. 2007
Private & Confidential
Agenda
What is PPLive? – An online video broadcasting and advertising network– An efficient P2P technique platform and test bench in the world
Common & Special characters Continuous self-adjustment procedureKey points PPLive most concerns for
Private & Confidential
1. What is PPLive?
Private & Confidential
What is PPLive?– An online video broadcasting and advertising network
Provides an online viewing experience comparable to that of traditional TV broadcasting75 million global installed base and 20 million monthly active users600+ channels on PPLive with content ranging from news, music, sports, movies, games, live video and other interactive services to a global audience
– An efficient P2P technique platform and test bench
History of PPLive:Bill’s story
– Inventor of PPLive core technology– Dropped out of post-graduate program to start PPLive in dorm and grew the user
significantly in the first two years.
Introduction of PPLive
Estimated global installed base 75 million
Monthly active users* 20 million
Daily active users 3.5 million
Peak concurrent users 2.2 million
Monthly average concurrent users 1.5 million
Weekly average usage time 11 hours
Private & Confidential
Industry Trends
Napster
BitTorrent
Skype
PPLive
File Sharing
Downloading
Video Streaming
VOIP
2001 2003 2004 2005
Basic Applications
Advanced Applications
PPLive is well positioned to exploit the next explosive growthPPLive is well positioned to exploit the next explosive growth
Private & Confidential
Introduction of PPLive ——Focus on P2P Streaming
Encoding & Decoding
MPEG-4 H.264
Digital Rights
DRMDigital Watermark
Napster/ KazzaeMule/ Poco
P2P file share
Bit Torrent/ ThunderDudu Accelerate
P2P DownloadAccelerator
PPLive
P2P Streaming
SkypeHeadcall
P2P-Voip
xPlus/ ZCom/Poco MagBox
P2P-Magzine
P2P technology
Streaming technology
Private & Confidential
Introduction of PPLive——distribution view
PPLive is a P2P Live System
– Media Publish System– P2P content delivery network– End users’ PPLive player– Multi-media formats Supported– DRM Supported
Movie
Entertainment
Online Show
Sports
Private & Confidential
Common and Different Characters
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Common points– what topology of p2p architecture to be chosen
Tree based (multi-tree based)Mesh basedUnstructuredOther DHT based…
– How to organize peer nodes?– How to make peer nodes know and communicate with each other
?Find the partnersMake use of the partners
– How to manage the resource?– Most concern about the metric of the P2P System
Common characters
Private & Confidential
Different points
Most different points– Viewing experiences is the most important metric
– Much more practical– Feedback from the PPLive test bench itself
75m end usersConsider their viewing experienceTake responsibility of all usersPart of users have updated version which is under control , before spreading to all of users
Ideas
Theory
PPLive test bench Feedback
Improvement
Private & Confidential
Feedback network—— Test network Feedback ( Global)
Private & Confidential
PPLive software Architecture
PPLive has centralized servers taking charge of registering, providing the source and bridging with other applicationsDHT based Super Node consists of stable SN and virtual SNEach SN takes charge some Channels in Live system ; while in VOD system, each SN takes charge of a certain areaIn each P2P group , we can assign a special p2p algorithm different with other groups
Overlay NetworkSN
Server
SN SNSN
SN
SSN
C
VSN
C
C
C
C
SNCandaditeResourse ListSNListPeerList
SN
SNListPeerList
Acess Server
Adapter ServerSource ServerClassical C/S or P2P
Network
One Channel, One P2P Group
One P2P Group, One P2P Strategy
Smart routing Algorithm
Global Distribution
Private & Confidential
Peer node architecture
Peer node– Key point of the whole P2P System– Implementer of the smart routing
algorithm– Hierarchical design– A unified interface provided to the high
level applications
Disk Driver
File Management
IP
TCP/UDP/Control
Route Management
P2P
Data Transmission
Resource Management
Media Service Storage Service
Live Streaming VOD File Sharing File Storage
PPLive Peer node architecture
Net
P2P
APP
Private & Confidential
PPLive Software Architecture
SN SN
SN
SN
C
CC
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Public Network
server
Peer
Peer
PeerPeer
Peer
Peer
Peer
Peer
Peer
Peer
Peer
Peer
Peer
Peer
Peer
PeerPeer
Peer
Peer
Peer
Peer
Peer
PeerPeer
Peer
Peer
Peer
Network layer view
P2P layer view Global view
Private & Confidential
PPLive Common Overlay
A Common overlay network contains
– Query queue(P2P orders)Application related
– Real streaming– VOD– File sharing
– Download from the query queue (How to execute the orders)
Application independentAbility of uploading and downloading
Query Queue
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
R6
...
Ping-pong layer
PP1 **
PP2 ****
PP3 ***
PP4*
...
R4 R7 R10 ...
R1 R3 R6 ...
R2 R5 R8 ...
R9 R16 ...
R1:QueryQueuePP1*:pingpong
layer(*represents capacity)
Disk Driver
File Management
IP
TCP/UDP/Control
Route Management
P2P
Data Transmission
Resource Management
Media Service Storage Service
Live Streaming VOD File Sharing File Storage
Private & Confidential
Continuous self-adjustment procedure
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1st Misunderstanding– For most P2P System, it is
commonly thought: The more users look simultaneously the better view experience the users will have.
Conclusion– For most p2p system,
especially for streaming applications (bandwidth wasted and real time requested application ), it is not necessarily the truth.
– User scale greatly influences the architecture;
Continuous self-adjustment
2200
1800
1100
650
450
250150
70
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Jun 2005 Dec2005
Mar 2006 Jun 2006 Sep2006
Dec2006
Mar 2007 Jun 2007
Unit: Thousands
Nov. 2004 May 2005 Dec. 2006
• Distributed Index
Server supported
•Initial PPLive core with Single Global Index
• Chord based DHT is used for all Index Servers
Oct. 2006
• Gossip based Peer communication mingled with DHT
• Smart SN introduced to corporate with peers
May. 2007
• Unified p2p platform proposed to support multi-applications
Jun. 2007
Private & Confidential2nd Misunderstanding– Theoretical model can lead to the real performance evaluation
Conclusion– Modeling the system has a big help to design and optimize the P2P application – P2P System’s capacity can just be proved by the fact of real operation
• 1 PC server• 10Mb distribution bandwidth• 500kbps video• 250,000 audiences• 50,000 audiences from abroad
Source: PPLive database
Over 250K peak simultaneous users to watch the “Super Girl” Live, China, Q3, 2005
• 1 PC server• 10Mb distribution bandwidth• 400kbps video• 1,480,000 audiences
Source: PPLive database
A NBA play-off game with Huston Rocket, Live, China, Q2,2007
Private & Confidential
3rd Misunderstanding– Experimental environment can represent the real network
environment.
Conclusion– PPLive was also born from the CERNET, which is specially for educational
use and very idealistic for P2P experiment– PPLive encountered many difficulties while walking out from CERNET
Heterogeneous networkUnpredictable user patternAsymmetric networkPoor network condition, half of them are 512kbps bandwidth, while we run 400kbps video on it
– Stronger and smarter algorithm should be used
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Key points PPLive most concerns for
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PPLive Platform Strategy
Broadband Network Infrastructure
Content Provider Advertiser Services Provider End Users
VOD System File SharingLive System Others…Distributed
Storage
P2P Content Deliver Network
Private & Confidential
Continuous self-adjustment (cont)
Deeply improve the users’ viewing experience– Based on the P2P streaming technology– Adapting for Chinese complicated network environment
Integrate the multi high level applications into this platformOpen the part of the platform interface to public
– Let others join in this platform
Private & Confidential
Thank you!
Question Time
PPLive—P2P changes our lives