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Printers
Unit objectives: Compare and contrast printing
technologies Install printers Optimize printing and perform routine
maintenance tasks for printers Troubleshoot printer problems
Topic A
Topic A: Printing technologies Topic B: Printer installation Topic C: Printer optimization and
maintenance Topic D: Printer troubleshooting
Dot-matrix printer
Can print multipart forms Slow and noisy compared to other
printer types Impact printer
– Use mechanical means to press ink onto a page
Near letter quality (NLQ)
Dot-matrix printer components
9- or 24-pin print head Pins pushed forward in patterns to strike ink
ribbon 9-pin quality not as good as 24-pin Tractor feed and friction feed Horizontal and vertical perforations in paper Banners Preprinted forms require careful alignment Friction feed primarily for envelopes and
single-sheet papers
Dot-matrix printer connections
Serial Parallel Rare network interface Some have both serial and parallel
Dot-matrix options
Font card slots Memory Paper feeders
Other impact printers
Daisy wheel Band printer
Activity A-1
Examining the dot-matrix printing process
An inkjet printer Ink dispersion Forces ink through nozzles Nozzles are 50 to 60 microns in
diameter Two methods:
– Thermal bubble– Piezoelectric bubble
Inkjet process
Thermal bubble technology Piezoelectric technology Ink cartridges
Inkjet cartridge print heads
Print head part of cartridge New ink cartridge = new print head Makes cartridge more expensive
Inkjet print quality
Standards– Laser printer for text– Darkroom photographs for graphics
Affected by:– Resolution (dpi) of printer– Quality of paper– Quality of ink if printed page gets wet
Dithering, also known as half-tones
Straight-through paper path
Curved paper path
Photo printers
Good print quality Quality not quite as good as that of
chemically produced prints Use special photo paper Some printers allow you to print
CD/DVD labels
Printing onto a CD
Activity A-2
Examining how inkjet printers work
Laser printer
Standard of quality for other printer types High-quality, high-volume Black-and-white, and color Dropping in price
– Consumables can cost as much as printer
Laser printer components
Toner cartridge Laser scanning assembly Power supplies Paper control and transport assembly Transfer corona assembly Fusing assembly Electronic control package
Toner cartridge components
Hopper filled with toner EP drum Blade to remove used toner Corona charging assembly
Laser scanner assembly
Laser Mirror Lens, or lenses
Power supplies
High-voltage power supply (HVPS) Converts standard 120 volt AC to
high-voltage electricity used by EP process
DC power supply (DCPS) used to power components that don’t require high voltages– For example, laser & fuser– +5V and -5V for the printer’s logic
circuitry– +24V for the paper transport motors
Paper control and transport assembly
Paper moves through series of rollers Rollers
– Some guide paper– Some apply pressure to fuse toner
Transfer corona assembly
Primary charge roller charged by HVPS
Primary charge roller charges paper to accept toner
Static charge eliminator strip drains charge
Creates ozone – can cause respiratory illness– Laser printers employ ozone filters
Fusing assembly
Composed of rollers and heating lamp Applies heat and pressure to adhere
toner to page
Electronic control package
Also known as “printer control circuitry” or “main logic assembly”
Communicates with – Printer memory– Control panel– Computer
Laser printing process
continued
Laser printing process, continued
1. Cleaning and erasing
2. Charging or conditioning
3. Writing or exposing
4. Developing
5. Transferring
6. Fusing
Note: Some sources place the cleaning and erasing stage at the beginning of the process. Others place it at the end of the process. In either case, it prepares the drum for receiving and printing the next image.
Activity A-3
Examining how laser printers work
Other printer types
Solid-ink Dye sublimation Thermal
– Thermal wax transfer– Direct thermal– Thermal autochrome
Plotter
Creates line images Uses pens Often available in large format for CAD
drawings Draws smooth lines and curves
Additional printer types
Snapshot printers Large-format printers
Activity A-4
Identifying other printer technologies
Topic B
Topic A: Printing technologies Topic B: Printer installation Topic C: Printer optimization and
maintenance Topic D: Printer troubleshooting
Main Windows print processes
Client – includes GDI Spooler Printer – print language is translated to
hardware directions for printing the job
Activity B-1
Examining the Windows printing process
Inkjet printer installation
Most local printers connect via USB Windows autodetects and installs
drivers Can install additional software from
manufacturer
Ink-level monitoring utility
Printer interfaces
USB Parallel SCSI Serial Wired or wireless Ethernet network
connections
Inkjet communications interfaces
Parallel interface USB interface
Configure the connection type
SCSI — Assign a unique device ID Parallel — Specify the correct LPT
port– Usually LPT1
Serial — Specify the correct COM port– Usually COM2– COM1 used for modem
Port identified for the printer
Installing an inkjet printer
1. Connect the printer to a computer, using the correct interface
2. Plug the printer in
3. Power it up
4. Windows will probably recognize the new device and install drivers for it
5. If drivers aren’t installed automatically, do it manually with materials that shipped with the printer
Upgrading a device driver
Use Device Manager utility Follow prompts in wizard or use printer
installation file Configure options for best
performance
Laser printer setup
Unpack from packaging Remove all packaging materials and
tape Install toner cartridge
– Remove tape insert from toner– Rock from side to side
Might need to install drum or other components
Printer interfaces
Parallel SCSI USB Serial IEEE 1394/FireWire Wired or wireless Ethernet network
Communications interfaces
USB interface
Parallel interface
Installing a printer
1. Connect the printer to the network or a computer, using the correct interface
2. Plug the printer in
3. Power it up
4. Windows will probably recognize the new device and install drivers for it
5. If drivers aren’t installed automatically, do it manually with the materials that shipped with the printer
Installing a network printer in Windows 7
1. In Windows 7, open Devices and Printers
2. Click Add a printer
3. Click Add a network, wireless or Bluetooth printer
4. Select the desired printer and click Next, or click The printer that I want isn’t listed
5. If prompted, click Install driver
6. Enter a name for the printer and click Next
7. If desired, set as the default printer and print a test page
8. Click Finish
Installing a network printer in Vista
1. Open Printers2. Click Add a printer3. Click Add a network, wireless or Bluetooth printer4. Select the desired printer and click Next, or click The
printer that I want isn’t listed.5. If the printer isn’t listed, you can:
– Browse for it– Enter its share name– Enter TCP/IP address – Enter host name
6. If the print drivers are available on the network, Windows will prompt you to install them. Click Install driver.
7. Enter a name for the printer and click Next8. If desired, set as the default printer and print a test
page9. Click Finish
Activity B-2
Installing a local printer
Topic C
Topic A: Printing technologies Topic B: Printer installation Topic C: Printer optimization and
maintenance Topic D: Printer troubleshooting
Printer configuration settings example
Printer configuration options
Orientation Collation Copies Quality Color Order Switch print trays Spool settings Some configuration can be done
through buttons on printer itself
Print queue
Queue - waiting to be output on the printer To view - double-click printer’s icon in the
Printers utility Users with Print permissions can, for their
own documents:– Pause– Resume– Restart– Cancel
Administrator can restart printer spooler service
Separator pages
Printer priorities
Give priority to printouts of particular users or groups
Configure on the Advanced tab of the printer’s Properties sheet
In Windows Vista and Windows 2000 Professional, secure printer using Security tab of printer’s Properties sheet
Activity C-1
Optimizing printing
Printer options
Dot-matrix printer options and upgrades– Paper park– Input/output trays– Font cartridges– Paper cutter
Inkjet printer options and upgrades– Vary by manufacturer– Scanner head– Multifunction devices– Additional paper trays – Alternative media holders– PostScript upgrade kit continued
Printer options, continued Inkjet printer options and upgrades,
continued– Batteries– Bluetooth adapter– Network card
Laser printer options and upgrades– Page description languages– Input and output trays– Network connection– Internal hard disk– Duplexers
Other types of printers options and upgrades
Activity C-2
Installing printer add-ons and upgrades
Printer maintenance
Follow manufacturer’s guidelines Common tools
– Cleaning solutions and sprays (isopropyl alcohol, denatured alcohol)
– Cleaning equipment (soft cloths, cotton swabs)– Lubricants– Compressed air– Toner vacuums and toner rags or extension
magnet brushes– Screwdrivers (to open compartments)– Chip puller
Safety
Follow ESD safety precautions Keep dangling jewelry, neckties and
long hair away from printer Handle components carefully Don’t damage components or self
when clearing paper jam Document maintenance steps in log
Dot-matrix printer maintenance
Compressed air to blow out paper, dirt, and debris
Mild household cleaners on exterior Rubbing alcohol to clean roller Use ESD precautions and remove
neckties, watches, and jewelry; pull back and secure hair
Inkjet printer maintenance
Change low ink cartridges Use recommended supplies Clean print nozzles and recalibrate printer Adjust ink output calibration for color
matching Proper ventilation Remove dust Test page Calibrate ink output for color matching if
available Set up with proper ventilation
Laser printer maintenance
Scheduled maintenance and unscheduled service calls
Routine maintenance– Replace toner cartridges– Clean and lubricate components– Replace components (parts-life counters)– Check and update firmware– Remove accumulated toner– Maintain adequate ventilation– Test page
Follow safety precautions handling toner and around high-voltage power supplies
Consumables
Keep adequate supply on hand Store in cool, dry locations
Activity C-3
Performing inkjet and laser printer maintenance tasks
Topic D
Topic A: Printing technologies Topic B: Printer installation Topic C: Printer optimization and
maintenance Topic D: Printer troubleshooting
Printer troubleshooting
Application trying to print Printer Operating system and drivers Connection
Testing the application
Close down and restart the application If you can print other files from that
application, troubleshoot the file that wouldn’t print
If other files won’t print, try printing from another application
If you can print from another application, troubleshoot the application that’s causing problems
If you can’t print from any applications, test the printer
Testing the printer
Verify that it’s online and ready Check service error messages
– “Add media” – “Add supplies” or “Add toner”– “Regular maintenance”– “Paper jam”– “Incorrect media”
HP uses numerical error codes Engine test page
Operating system and drivers
Print test page from printer’s Properties dialog box
If test page prints, troubleshoot the application and driver settings
If test page doesn’t print, check:– Printer status– Driver– Port settings– Accessories and options– Event logs
Connections
Network– Verify Internet/intranet access or access
to another network server– Test TCP/IP connectivity– Consult with network technician
Local– Cable– Different computer
continued
Connections, continued
Connectivity issues– Loose, broken, damaged, or improperly
wired cables– Broken or malfunctioning network
devices– Incorrect protocol, network settings, or
TCP/IP settings– Bad network cards– Firmware– EMI– Wireless connection problems
Power supply
Use multimeter to test J210 Pins:
– Pin 1: +5V– Pin 5: -5V– Pin 9: +24V
Dark images
Light or weak images
Repetitive image defects
Ghosting and shadows
Smearing
Banding
Focus
Voided areas
Registration, jitters, skew
Misaligned color registration
Weak color, missing color
Vertical and horizontal lines
Black or blank pages
Transport/feed issues
Media jamming Skewing Creasing, wrinkling, folding, and
tearing Multiple sheets feeding in at one time
(multifeeding); misdirected media (misfeeding)
Burning
Transport/feed causes
Foreign objects Damaged media Media feed problems Media feed timing Separation Duplex Fusing Media exit and delivery Faulty sensors
Activity D-1
Troubleshooting printer problems
Unit summary
Compared and contrasted printing technologies
Installed printers Optimized printing and performed
routine maintenance tasks for printers Resolved printer problems