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Printed Organic Electronics:
DR MATT GRIFFITHCentre for Organic ElectronicsThe University of [email protected]
A New Way to Think About Energy
Centre for Organic Electronics
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The Priority Research Centre is an initiative of the University of Newcastle that is about 10 years old.
It brings together researchers from Physics, Chemistry and Medicine.
Motivation of the PRCOE
Life is Short.
Build Stuff that Matters.
What does the world need?
Global Challenges
R. E. Smalley; MRS Bulletin, 2005, 30, 412–417.
Professor Richard Smalley1996 Nobel Prize Laureate
Semiconducting Polymers
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H. Shirakawa, E. J. Louis, A. G. MacDiarmid, A. G. Chiang, K. Chwan, A. J. Heeger, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,1977, 16, 578.
Organic Electronic Materials
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• Flexible
• Tailor molecular properties
• Solution-processable (no vacuum)
• Printable
• Offers key advantages over traditional electronics:
Allows for low cost R2R manufacture
M. J. Griffith, N. P. Holmes, D. C. Elkington, S. Cottam, J. Stamenkovic, A. L. D. Kilcoyne, T. R. Andersen; Nanotechnology, 2019, Article In-Press.
Making (Small) Devices
Mix two organic electronic materials intimately on nanoscale
Force positive charges in one direction, negative charges in the other.
M. J. Griffith, N. A. Cooling, B. Vaughan, K. M. O’Donnell, M. F. Al-Mudhaffer, A. Al-Ahmad, M. Noori, F. Almyahi, W. J. Belcher, P. C. Dastoor; Energy Technol., 2015, 3, 428-436.
Scaling Up Materials Synthesis
R2R fabrication consumes a lot of materials!
Retail Purchase◦ P3HT synthesis (1g scale): $700/g
◦ Functionalized Fullerene (1g scale): $1,000/g
In-House Synthesis at COE◦ P3HT synthesis and functionalized mixed fullerene
◦ 100g scale; costs reduced by orders of magnitude
N. A. Cooling, E. F. Barnes, F. Almyahi, K. Feron, M. Al‐Mudhaffer, A. Al‐Ahmad, B. Vaughan, T. R. Andersen, M. J. Griffith, A. S. Hart, A. G. Lyons, W. J. Belcher, P. C. Dastoor; J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016, 4, 10274.
Remove CHCl3Ultrasonification
Two Phase System Miniemulsion NP Dispersion
Mix phases together
60 °C, 3-4 hr
NP Structure P3HT shellPCBM Core
PC60BM P3HT
P3HT Shell
PCBM Core
M.F. Al-Mudhaffer, K. Feron, N.C. Nicolaidis, N.A. Cooling, X. Zhou, J. Holdsworth, W.J. Belcher, P.C. Dastoor, M.J. Griffith; Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 2017, 175, 77-88.
Create discrete pre-blended nanoparticles in water
Control nanostructure in tuneable lab synthesis
Eliminates toxic solvents from fabrication process
Water Based Solar Paint
R2R Printing and Sputtering
Acquired R2R coating line and sputter coater◦ Capable of fabrication at 20 m/min
◦ Multiple printing techniques end stations (modular system)
◦ Use to create solar cells, transistors and sensors
The Fabrication Process
PacPrint 2017 12
A Decade of Work up for Inspection
Designed, printed and constructed a public large area solar demo at PacPrint(Melbourne Exhibition Centre, May 2017)
2018: Pre-Commercial Demonstration14
Innovations Connections project Technology Demonstration (TRL7 TRL8) 150 m2 installed on CHEP roof at Beresfield
Build Stuff that Matters
Inputs to LCOE
C.J. Mulligan, M. Wilson, G. Bryant, X. Zhou, W.J. Belcher, P.C. Dastoor,, Solar Energy Mater. & Solar Cells, 2014, 120, 9-17.
Beyond Solar Cells
Printed Glucose Sensors
Carbon-based electronics
Ready integration of biomolecules/enzymes
Achieve glucose sensitivity at saliva levels
Platform technology: explosives, food safety
D.C. Elkington, N.A. Cooling, W.J. Belcher, P.C. Dastoor, X. Zhou; Electronics, 2014, 3, 234-254.
Medical Technology
Organic electronic arrays for radiation dose measurements
Printed Sweat Sensors
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0 50 100 150
I D(μ
A)
Time (seconds)
Water only
5 mM NaCl(aq)
50 mM NaCl(aq)
Industrial military partner since 2016 Integrate electrolyte sensing in OTFTs Selective ion detection Sensitive to concentrations in sweat Printable low-cost architecture Large scale manufacture
Printed Explosives Sensors
Multinational industry partner since 2012 Use printed light, pressure and plasma sensors Detect underground to detonate explosives Safe, secure, remotely programmable Cheap and disposable
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LCO
E ($
/kW
h)
Comparison of Technologies
2 yr
3 yr
5 yr
10 yr
OPV lifetime
3%3 yrs 5%
5 yrs
C. J. Mulligan, C. Bilen, X. Zhou, W. J. Belcher, P. C. Dastoor, Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells, 2015, 133, 26-31.
Connecting Research with Industry
Tech Vouchers – $30k (max) ◦ NSW government program◦ Half investment from business, matched by government◦ https://www.industry.nsw.gov.au/business-and-industry-
in-nsw/innovation-and-research/techvouchers
Innovations Connections – $100k (max) ◦ Federal government program◦ Half business/half government for SME with annual turnover of $1.5M – $100M ◦ https://www.business.gov.au/assistance/entrepreneurs-programme/innovation-
connections
Both eligible for ATO R&D tax incentive◦ 43.5% refundable offset for business with turnover under $20M◦ 38.5% refundable offset for all other entities