24
ORGANIC AGRICULTURE SYSTEM History: •In Germany, Rudolf Steiner's , 1924, “biodynamic agricult Lord Northbourne 1940:The term “Organic farming” = the fa as Organism. Sir Albert Howard 1947: Published book “Soil and health” •Japanese farmer, 1940: Natural farming (no tillage system 1972, the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), was founded in Versailles, France 1980s, various farming and consumer groups worldwide bega pressing for government regulation of organic production led to legislation and certification standards in the 19 •1990s, the retail market for organic farming in developed economies has grown about 20 per cent annually

Prinsip Pertanian Organik

  • Upload
    -

  • View
    121

  • Download
    3

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Prinsip Pertanian Organik

ORGANIC AGRICULTURE SYSTEMHistory:•In Germany, Rudolf Steiner's , 1924, “biodynamic agriculture”•Lord Northbourne 1940:The term “Organic farming” = the farm

as Organism. •Sir Albert Howard 1947: Published book “Soil and health”•Japanese farmer, 1940: Natural farming (no tillage system)•1972, the International Federation of Organic Agriculture

Movements (IFOAM), was founded in Versailles, France •1980s, various farming and consumer groups worldwide began

pressing for government regulation of organic production. This

led to legislation and certification standards in the 1990. •1990s, the retail market for organic farming in developed economies has grown about 20 per cent annually

Page 2: Prinsip Pertanian Organik

• 1960: The input-intensive cultivation types of the Green

Revolution

• Advantages: high-yielding maize, wheat or rice varieties

through intensive use of artificial irrigation, fertilizer and

pesticides and machinery.

• Disadvantages: environmental and social problems.

Page 3: Prinsip Pertanian Organik

Organic =plant or animal origin

Organic agricultureOrganic agriculture= =

•The kind of agriculture which is based on organic manures or other natural inputs, i.e. mineral or pesticides of plant origin

•Agricultural systems, which follow the principles & logics of living organism in which all elements (soil, plants, farm animals, insects, the farmers) are closely linked each other.

DEFINITIONS:

Page 4: Prinsip Pertanian Organik

• Organic farming is the form of agriculture that relies on techniques such as crop rotation, green manure, compost and biological pest control to maintain soil productivity and control pests on a farm. Organic farming excludes or strictly limits the use of manufactured fertilizers and pesticides, plant growth regulators such as hormones, livestock antibiotics, food additives, and genetically modified organisms.[1] Organic farming usually involves mechanical weed control (via cultivating or hoeing) rather than herbicidal weed control.

Page 5: Prinsip Pertanian Organik

• Organic agriculture is a production system that sustains the health of soils, ecosystems and people. It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects. Organic agriculture combines tradition, innovation and science to benefit the shared environment and promote fair relationships and a good quality of life for all involved.

Page 6: Prinsip Pertanian Organik

Other name of organic farmingOther name of organic farming• Farming with Nature (no synthetic chemicals

and fertilizers) and also farming in a way that is compatible with or even enhances the biodiversity and self-renewing characteristics of the environment in which we farm). It uses variety of natural crushed rocks, manure and other waste products, and naturally derived materials such as seaweed and seaweed extracts, as well as crop rotation to maintain fertility and plant competition via strategies such as companion planting, intercropping, Cover cropping and local variations of these techniques as the main tools for weed control.

• Biological or ecological farming

Page 7: Prinsip Pertanian Organik

Why farm organically?

• Has the potential to be self-sustaining

• Soil and water, if managed well, can be perpetually self-renewing into the future.

• Protected from soil erosion, salinization, water pollution and overexploitation

• Increase biodiversity

• Food are more healthy (free from pesticide residue, antibiotic in meat and genetically modified organism (GMO).

• Use energy from renewable resources

Page 8: Prinsip Pertanian Organik

Will it work?Will it work?

• Farming is not easy and organic farming is not easier than other farming.

• Many farmers have made organic farming pay and have improved their lifestyle at the same time.

• Some have improved their returns from farming.

Page 9: Prinsip Pertanian Organik

Is organic food better for you?

• Contain very little residue• Higher vitamin and mineral content• Good for the environment and also good for

human• Good taste and freshness

Page 10: Prinsip Pertanian Organik

QUESTION?QUESTION?

• Is traditional farming organic?

Page 11: Prinsip Pertanian Organik

Conventional VS Organic agriculture

• Conventional: Focus on achieving maximum yield through nutrient inputs and control of insects, pests and weeds.

• Organic agriculture :Besides production of goods of high quality, it focus also on conservation of the natural resources fertile soil, clean water and rich biodiversity.

• Organic agriculture is a modern approach• Organic agriculture is not a step to traditional

methods.• Organic agriculture claims to be Sustainable

Page 12: Prinsip Pertanian Organik

What traditional and organic farming have in common

Organic methods which can be found in traditional

farming

What is specific to organic farming

- no use of chemical fertilizer, fungicides, herbicides, growth promoters etc

- closed nutrient cycles, low external inputs

- use microbial for pest management

- no use of genetically engineered plants and animals

- recycling of biomass through mulching or composting

-use biological control

- use of animal manures - mixed cropping and/or crop rotation

-use high yielding, but diseases resistant

-sustainable management of resources: soil, energy, water

Introduction of green manures, cover crops and nitrogen fixing tree

-maintenance of soil fertility, prevention of soil erosion

-application of good compost and bio fertilizer

Page 13: Prinsip Pertanian Organik

Organic farming is related to the concepts of Sustainable Agriculture, especially with regard to the reduction of external inputs, as an attemptto achieve more environmental justice.Organic farming was developed by farmers in the industrialized countries as an explicit counter-movement to input-intensive, high-tech agriculture.Organic farming relies on natural cycles. At the centre of this agricultural system is the maintenance and enhancement of soil fertility and the general rejection of synthetic fertilizer and pesticides.

Page 14: Prinsip Pertanian Organik

SUSTAINABILITYSUSTAINABILITY• Sustainability refers to the successful management

of resources of agriculture to satisfy human needs while at the same time maintaining or enhancing the quality of the environment and conserving natural resources.

• Environmentally friendly methods of farming that allow the production of crops or livestock without damage to the farm as an ecosystem, including effects on soil, water supplies, biodiversity, or other surrounding natural resources.

• Terms often associated with farms or ranches that are self-sustaining include “low-input,” organic,

“ecological,” “biodynamic,” and “permaculture.”

Page 15: Prinsip Pertanian Organik

AGRICULTURE SYSTEM IS SUSTAINABLE IF:AGRICULTURE SYSTEM IS SUSTAINABLE IF:

• Ecological sustainability:- Recycling the nutrients instead of applying external inputs.

- No chemical pollution of soil and water

- Promote biological diversity

- Improve soil fertility and build up humus

- Prevent soil erosion and compaction

- Animal friendly husbandry

- Using renewable energies

Page 16: Prinsip Pertanian Organik

• Social Sustainability:- Sufficient production for subsistence and income- A safe nutrition of the family with healthy food- Good working conditions for both men & women- Building on local knowledge and traditions

• Economic Sustainability:- Satisfactory and reliable yields- Low costs on external inputs and investments- Crop diversification to improve income safely- Value addition through quality improvement and

on farm processing- High efficiency to improve competitiveness

Page 17: Prinsip Pertanian Organik

Definition of some farming systemsDefinition of some farming systems

Traditional Agriculture

Farming methods before agrochemical, high yielding varieties & machines have been

introduced

Sustainable Agriculture Conventional AgricultureA group of agriculture systems “Green revolution” agriculture:Which are not clearly defined, monoculture of high yieldingAiming on sustainable land use varieties, use of chemical fertilizer,e.g. LEISA pesticides, etc.

Bio-dynamic agriculture Organic

Type of Organic Agriculture

Organic Agriculture

Integrated Production

Improved conventional agriculture through reduced chemical & pessticides

Page 18: Prinsip Pertanian Organik

The Principles of Organic AgricultureThe Principles of Organic Agriculture IFOAM 2005IFOAM 2005

Organic agriculture is based on:

1. The principle of health2. The principle of ecology3. The principle of fairness4. The principle of care

• Principle of health:

Organic Agriculture should sustain and enhance the health of soil, plant, animal, human and planet

Page 19: Prinsip Pertanian Organik

• Principle of ecology

Organic Agriculture should be based on living ecological systems and cycles, work with them, emulate them and help sustain them.

• Principle of fairness

Organic Agriculture should build on relationships that ensure fairness with regard to the common environment and life opportunities

Page 20: Prinsip Pertanian Organik

• Principle of care

Organic Agriculture should be managed in a precautionary and responsible manner to protect the health and well-being of current and future generations and the environment.

Organic Production and Processing is based on a number of principles and ideas.IFOAM is the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements. It is an‘umbrella’ organization for the organic industry, made up of nearly 800 organizationsfrom 104 countries.

Page 21: Prinsip Pertanian Organik

• To maintain, promote and increase agro-biological diversity through sustainable production systems and protection of their ecological context

• To maintain and promote genetic diversity by increasing the number of crop and plant varieties and animal breeds in the farming system; including specific attention to on-farm management of genetic resources

• To promote the responsible use and conservation of water and water resources

• To use, as far as possible, renewable resources in production and processing systems

Page 22: Prinsip Pertanian Organik

The principles of Organic Farming

• To produce sufficient quantities of nutritious wholesome, high quality food

• To work compatibly with natural cycles and living systems

• To include the wider social and ecological impact within the organic production and processing system

• To enhance biological cycles by involving microorganisms, soil flora and fauna, plants and animals within the farming system

• To encourage development of an ecologically valuable and sustainable aquatic ecosystem

• To maintain and increase long-term fertility and sustainability of soils

Page 23: Prinsip Pertanian Organik

• To create a harmonious balance between crop production To create a harmonious balance between crop production

and animal husbandryand animal husbandry

• To minimize all forms of pollutionTo minimize all forms of pollution

• To utilize biodegradable and recycled packaging materialsTo utilize biodegradable and recycled packaging materials

• To allow and provide everyone involved with a quality of To allow and provide everyone involved with a quality of

life that satisfies their basic needs, and furnishes an life that satisfies their basic needs, and furnishes an

adequate return, within a safe, secure and healthy working adequate return, within a safe, secure and healthy working

environmentenvironment

• To support the establishment of an entire production, To support the establishment of an entire production,

processing and distribution chain which is both socially just processing and distribution chain which is both socially just

and ecologically responsibleand ecologically responsible

• To recognize the importance of, protect and learn from, To recognize the importance of, protect and learn from,

indigenous knowledge and traditional farming systems.indigenous knowledge and traditional farming systems.

Page 24: Prinsip Pertanian Organik