Prinsip

Pengolahan/Kontrol

Gas Buang

(Sumber dan Kontrol

Bagian 1)

ABDU F ASSOMADI

Natural Close Relation

Carbon Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle

Sulphur Cycle

Resource use

Human well-being

Economic activity (GDP)

Environmental impact

Resource decoupling

Impact decoupling

Time

Decoupling economic development from increased natural resource consumption and aggravated negative environmental impacts

The Challenge 7

Teknologi Bersih 8

Resource Efficient & Cleaner

Production

Good

House-

keeping

Input

Material

Change

Better

Process

Control

Equipme

nt Modifi-

cation

Technolog

y Change

Onsite

Reuse &

Recycling

Producti

on of

Useful

Byprodu

ct

Product

Modifi-

cation

Logical Framework 9

Environmental Aspects

& Risks

Cleaner Production

Options

Where are waste

and emissions

generated?

Why are waste and

emissions

generated?

How can those

causes be avoided

or minimised?

source

inventory

cause

diagnosis

option

generation

Van Berkel (1995), Introduction to Cleaner Production Auditing,UNEP Industry and Environment Review

3. methods

Systematic root

source and cause

analysis guides the

identification,

evaluation and

implementation of

RECP opportunities

Relevant RECP Indicators 11

Materials Energy Water

Business

Waste Air

EmissionsWaste

Water

Product

Output

12

Eco-Efficiency Toolkit for Queensland Food Processing Industry, Gov of Queensland, Brisbane, 2004

Energy: a global concern 16

Continued rise in primary energy consumption

38% increase since 2000

Energy use causes 69% of global greenhouse gas emissions

Manufacturing and construction responsible for 39% of energy related CO2

emissions

All energy use is associated with other environmental impacts

Depletion of natural resources

Land use

Air and water emissions and waste generation BP 2015 Statistical Review of World Energy

IEA 2014 CO2 emissions from fossil fuel

Materials: a global concern 17

Continued rise in global materials consumption

80% increase between 1990-2008

Business as usual not an option for future

Tripling of global material consumption by 2050 assuming that all countries catch up to OECD levels from 2030 onward

All stages of material use cause environmental impacts

Energy use

Land use and depletion of natural resources

Air and water emissions and waste generation

Political factors

Balance of trade

Critical minerals

Green economies around the world?, UNIDO, 2010

Industry and Climate Change

Causes 32% of global GHG

emissions

Energy use

Process related

Vulnerable to impacts of

climate change

Availability of water

Disruption of operations and

logistics

Changing market demands

Significant mitigation potential

18

IPCC, AR V, 2014

Energy: a business concern

Cost to business Prices of fuel and energy

Unexploited productivity potential through energy efficiency

Risk to business Lost production due to interrupted energy supply

Volatility in fuel and energy prices, due to market and political factors

Impact on environment Contribution to climate change, due to emissions of Greenhouse Gas

(GHG)

Generation of smoke and other air emissions, slags, etc.

19

System Benefits 20

– One unit of friction

reduction reduces

fuel consumption at

power station by 10

units

Lovins, A., Energy Efficiency: Taxonomic Overview.

Encyclopedia of Energy, 2004: p. 383-401.

RECP for Energy Efficiency

Source:

Where is energy used for what purpose and with what

losses?

Cause:

What factors influence these energy uses and losses?

Option:

How to minimize these causes of energy uses and losses?

21

source

cause

option

Thermal SystemsHeat balance - Boiler energy flow diagram

22

Source: UNEP CP-EE Manual

Kontrol Pencemar Udara

Pengelolaan/Kontrol Sumber

Reduksi emisi ke Atmosfer

Konversi Pollutant

Pengelolaan emisi

Removal Pollutant

Oksidasi (thermal, catalytic, combustion)

Absorpsi

Adsorpsi

Metode Biologi

Air Pollution Control Two basic approaches are used for controlling air pollution

Controlling or confining the pollutant at source, by:

Modifying the process

Reducing the pollutant concentration use of the suitable

equipment to destroy, alter or trap the pollutant formed

Dilution of pollutant in the atmosphere to permissible level

before they can reach the receptor, by using tall stacks,

controlling the process

Method and equipment used to control gaseous pollutant

Combustion, for gases and vapor of organic in nature, hydrocarbon, etc.

Equipment : fume incinerator, steam or venturi flare and after burner

Absorption (gasses passed through scrubber or absorber containing absorbent; chemical reactivity, time and surface contact, concentration absorber)

Equipment : plate tower, spray tower, packed tower, venturi of scrubber

Adsorption (gasses passed through porous solid; silica gel, zeolite, iron oxide, activated carbon, Alumina, bauxite, etc.

Equipment : Suitable container of adsorbent or column adsorbent

Comparison of

method to

control gaseous

air pollutant

Method of Particulate/Gaseous

Control

27

PROCESSCONTROL

DEVICE STACKInlet Loading Outlet

Loading

Type of Fuel

Efficiency (F/A, T)

System Burner

Efficiency

Properties of

Pollutant

Cost

Space

High

Air quality

Regulation

Air Pollutant Work

The control equipment should be designed to meet emission

limitation at minimum cost with maximum reability

The basic trade-off involve decision between collection

efficiency, pressure drop, installation cost, and operating cost.

28

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