PRINCIPLES OF REMOTE SENSING Lecture 1 Introduction
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GROUND RULES Assessments and Examinations: Total marks: 100 (AP
- 85; YSR 15) Distribution of my 85 marks: Mid-semester examination
25 End-semester examination 35 Assignments 10 Quizzes (3 + 1
unannounced) 10 Seminar - 5 Assignments and quiz would be
distributed through out the semester.
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GROUND RULES Attendance: Attendance would be taken; 85%
attendance COMPULSARY NO COMPROMISE ON PUNCTUALITY ..
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GROUND RULES
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Lecture notes / Working folder
http://www.csre.iitb.ac.in/~alok/GNR603_2014/ GROUND RULES
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COURSE OBJECTIVES To understand: To understand: -the physics,
chemistry, and technology involved in remote sensing -the
techniques for preprocessing aerospace remote sensing images
(processing techniques will be covered in SIP course)
-panchromatic, multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing in
different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum and to learn how to
interpret the images acquired using these sensors In short, the
primary objective is to provide the. In short, the primary
objective is to provide the conceptual foundations and technical
skills to apply remote sensing to solve real-world problems.
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COURSE CONTENTS Atmospheric windows and effects, corrections
Multispectral systems Characteristics of important remote sensing
systems: LANDSAT, IRS, ASTER, SPOT; High resolution sensors
Hyperspectral systems Thermal systems Microwave systems
Interpretations and applications - agriculture, forestry, land-use
mapping, geology, water resources etc etc. History and development
of remote sensing Electromagnetic radiation - nature and sources,
interaction with matter and atmosphere and Arial
Photography/Photogrammetry. ----------------- I Quiz
------------------- II Quiz ------------------- III Quiz
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A remote sensing image (Band 1 B) A remote sensing image (Band
1 B)
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A remote sensing image (Band 2 G) A remote sensing image (Band
2 G)
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A remote sensing image (Band 3 R) A remote sensing image (Band
3 R)
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A remote sensing image (Band 4 VNIR) A remote sensing image
(Band 4 VNIR)
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A remote sensing image (Band 6 TIR) A remote sensing image
(Band 6 TIR)
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A remote sensing image (TCC) A remote sensing image (TCC)
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A remote sensing image (FCC 247) A remote sensing image (FCC
247)
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A remote sensing image (FCC 234) A remote sensing image (FCC
234)
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Remote sensing : Perspective Concept: what do we understand by
remote sensing? Importance: Is it just pretty pictures or serious
science? Does it add to our understanding of natural systems and
resources? Applications to natural resources studies
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Acquisition of information about an object without making
physical contact Remote sensing : Concept Earth: surface,
atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere planetssun stars; galaxies
etc
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Most widely used remote sensors: human eyes Most widely used
remote sensors: human eyes Motivation for remote sensing systems
Motivation for remote sensing systems Collection (eye),
transmission (optic nerve) and storage (brain) Collection (eye),
transmission (optic nerve) and storage (brain) Cannot distribute
the data though Cannot distribute the data though Remote sensing :
Concept
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The sensor collects information within its IFOV (resolution
cell) without being in direct physical contact with it. The sensor
can be located on ground, aircraft and spacecraft platforms. Remote
Sensing : Concept
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Technology, science and art of obtaining information about an
object, area, or phenomenon through the analysis of data acquired
by a device that is not in contact with the object, area or
phenomenon under the investigation. Remote sensing : Concept
Technology : data collection Science and technology : data
processing and analysis Science and art : data interpretation
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the art, science, and technology of obtaining reliable
information about physical objects and the environment, through the
process of recording, measuring and interpreting imagery and
digital representations of energy patterns derived from non-contact
sensor systems. ASPRS formal definition of photogrammetry and
remote sensing: Remote sensing : Concept
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A Systems View of Remote Sensing Remote Sensing Active Passive
Passive Reflected light Thermal emission Passive Microwave Aerial
photography Visible/near IR/SWIR imaging Thermal imaging Passive
microwave radiometry Microwave sounding Laser Profiling and Lidar
Visible/IR Active Microwave Altimetry, Scatterometry Synthetic
Aperture Radar
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Data Acquisition Data processing and analysis 1) In situ
measurements (GPS, bio-mass, soil moisture, spectroradiometer,
etc.) 2) Remote Sensing Data (passive and active remote sensing )
Visual interpretation Digital Image Processing Scientific
Visualization Remote Sensing Process Science goal Information
extraction
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Types and classes of remote sensing data SpatialInformation
IntensityInformation SpectralInformation ImagersAltimetersSounders
(Polarimeters)ScatterometersRadiometers Spectrometers Imaging
spectrometers Imaging radiometers
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GeophysicalSonar Other types of remote sensing
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Advantages of Remote Sensing Data can be gathered from large
areas of the Earths surface or atmosphere in short space of time.
Data can be gathered from large areas of the Earths surface or
atmosphere in short space of time. In situ measurements are time
consuming and costly over large areas. Remote Sensing is considered
as cost effective. In situ measurements are time consuming and
costly over large areas. Remote Sensing is considered as cost
effective. No sampling bias - consistent coverage of the entire
area No sampling bias - consistent coverage of the entire area
Response of objects collected in different wavelengths Response of
objects collected in different wavelengths
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Often oversold Provides information only about the spectral
properties of objects on the earths surface (and their variation in
time and space). We hope that the spectral properties are proxies
for the property we are interested in. Noise atmospheric effects,
topographic effects, soil/vegetation cover Often considered an end
in it self (the pretty picture syndrome!) - remote sensing should
enhance scientific understanding of the system under study.
Limitations of Remote Sensing
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AtmosphereLithosphereHydrosphereCryosphere Planetary science
Land cover and land use Military. Applications of Remote
Sensing
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Further Reading Books : Remote Sensing and Image
Interpretation, Lillesand, Kiefer, Chipman, 2007 Remote Sensing and
Image Interpretation, Lillesand, Kiefer, Chipman, 2007 Introduction
to Remote Sensing, Campbell, 1996 Introduction to Remote Sensing,
Campbell, 1996 Remote Sensing : Principles and interpretation,
Sabins, 1997 Remote Sensing : Principles and interpretation,
Sabins, 1997 Physical Principles of Remote Sensing, Rees, 2001
Physical Principles of Remote Sensing, Rees, 2001 Introduction to
physics and techniques of remote sensing, Elachi, 1987 Introduction
to physics and techniques of remote sensing, Elachi, 1987 Remote
Sensing of the Environment : An earth resource perspective, Jensen,
2000 Remote Sensing of the Environment : An earth resource
perspective, Jensen, 2000 Journals : Remote Sensing of Environment
Remote Sensing of Environment International Journal of Remote
Sensing International Journal of Remote Sensing IEEE Trans.
Geoscience and Remote Sensing IEEE Trans. Geoscience and Remote
Sensing Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing ISPRS ISPRS ISPRS
Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing ISPRS Photogrammetry and Remote
Sensing