Principles and Practtces of Management

8/8/2019 Principles and Practtces of Management

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PRINCIPLES AND PRACTTCES OF

MANAGEMENT

ASSIGNMENTS A


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Q1. Compare the three schools of management thought and discuss which theory as per

you is most important and why ?

Ans. Different school of thought have emerged and all of them defined management intheir own way :

* CLASSICAL SCHOOL

Management is ordering people to do the job. Management is designing job structure.To manage is to forecast, to plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate and to control.

Body of management thought based on the belief that employees have only enconomical

and physical needs, and that social needs and needs for job- satisfaction either dont existor are unimportant.

* BEHAVIOURAL SCHOOL

Management is managing men. Management is the development of people and notthe direction. Body of management thought based on the belief that use of psychological

techniques in motivating employees works better than rules and regulations proposed by

classical school of management see also contingency school of management , quantitives

school of management, and system school of management.

* MODERN DEFINITION Management is a multipurpose organ of the society, which aims at utilizing the resources

of the country for creating a situation of plenty and comfort instead of scarcity and

misery.

* The theory as we think is the most important is modern school of management;

The marketization of education can not serve as the guiding principle in constructing the

modern school system nor can it be directly transplanted from modern enterprise systembecause the modern school system is a kind of educational institution rather than an

economical institution what it should focus on is not the ownership of property or the

distinction of property, but on the core educational issue, that is the students developmentsuch a kind of modern school system requires that the government delegates power to

schools to realize academic autonomy in school ( self governance).

Q2. Discuss the 14 general principles of management given by fayol. Which principle doyou think is the most important?

Ans. Fayol called the real father of the modern management theory; he also gave 14

general principles of management:1.) Division of work Fayol applies this principle to all kinds of work, managerial as

well as technical.

2.) Authority and responsibility Fayol found these are related, with the latter arisingfrom the former.

3.) Discipline Fayol said discipline requires good superior s at all levels.

4.) Unity of command Single superior should give orders.


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5.) Unity of direction Each group of activities with the same objectives must have one

head and one plan.

6.) Subordination of individual to general intrest7.) Remuneration Must be fair giving maximum possible satisfaction to employees and

employer.

8.) Centralisation Fayol says individual circumstances will determine the degree towhich authority is concentrated or dispersed.

9.) Scalar chain Fayol belived that chain of superiors from highest to lowest ranks

should not be departed from needlessly but can be short circuited when the need be.10.) Order A place for everything and everyone.

11.) Equity Loyalty can be elicited from personal by combination of kindliness and

justice.

12.) Stability of tenure Unnecessary turnover can have high danger and cost.13.) Initiative Managers must sacrifice personal vanity to permit subordinates to

exercise initiative.

14.) Espirit-de-corps In union there is strength emphasizing the needs for team work

and importance of communication in obtaining it.

* The most important principle we think is the Scalar chain (line of authority) Ahierarchy is necessary for unity of direction. But lateral communication is also

fundamental, as long as superiors known that such communication is taking place. Scalar

chain refers to the number of levels in the hierarchy from the ultimate authority to the

lowest level in the organization. It should not be over stretched and consist of too- manylevels.

Q3.) Decision making is the most critical managerial task. Discuss the above statement

in light of decision- making steps?Ans.- It is the selection of the appropriate alternative from a set of alternative course of

action. It is the core of all of planning. Decision making is at the core of all planned

activities. Seldom can 100% rationality be achieved as future entails uncertainties so themanager must settle for limited rationality. Limitations are in terms of information, time

and certainty.

Selection is done based on experience, experimentation or research and analysis. The

decision may be programmed eg.- repetitive and routine or non- programmed(unstructured) ie- unique, strategic. Decision are made under different conditions-

Certainty conditions- Cause effect known

Risk conditions- Probabilities can be drawn Uncertainty conditions Meager database unsure weather situation will change

on.

The degree of risk varies from decision to decision.

Decision making process requires a structured approach involving six steps-

1.) Identify and select the problem-2.) Analyse the causes of the problem-


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3.) Generate potential decision -

4.) Select and plan the decision to be implemented-

5.) Decide and implement-6.) Evaluating the decision-

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Principles and Practtces of Management