Upload
cortezallen
View
45
Download
4
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Powerpoint about Principle of System
Citation preview
System ThinkingSystem Thinking
Simulation & Modeling
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
Overview Why system matter
System Thinking System Thinking1. Holistic (Integrated) Solution2 Long Term Gain Solution2. Long Term Gain Solution3. Win-Win Solution
Game of System Thinking Game of System Thinking Objective:
By the end of this lesson, you will be motivatedBy the end of this lesson, you will be motivated to think about system rather than parts
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
0. Why System Matter?
GM closes plant in Fremont, California (1982)(1982) Worst quality record
W t l b l ti Worst labor relations Highest employee absenteeism and drug use
Toyota opens Fremont plant in 1984y p p Hires 80% of GMs workforce Outstanding quality recordOutstanding quality record
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
1. System Thinking
An approach for developing models to promote our understanding of eventspromote our understanding of events, patterns of behavior resulting in the events and even more importantly theevents, and even more importantly, the underlying structure responsible for the patterns of behaviorpatterns of behavior
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
Three Solutions of System Thinking
1. Holistic (Integrated) SolutionL T G i S l ti2. Long Term Gain Solution
3. Win-Win Solution
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
1+1 >< 2
Why is the whole less than the sum of its parts?parts? 2 software developers work together will
produce less code than if they workproduce less code than if they work separately
Why cant the whole be MORE than the f it t ?sum of its parts?
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
Discussion Preparation Form a discussion group (divide the class into
4-6 groups)
Select any system (social, politic, education, physical biology etc) that you are interested tophysical, biology etc) that you are interested to discuss
Write the result of discussion & report to the class
The same discussion topic will be continued within this class and next classes
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
Discussion: Specify Common Problem
Think of any problems in your society or family or company or organizationfamily or company or organization.
What are the common problems?
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
Common Problems
Why is the whole less than the sum of its parts?parts? Focus on the short term gain
W k l th t Work only on the parts
They do their best to fight for its share of limited resourcesD i b t i t h Doing your best is not enough
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
System Thinkers Solution 1
Holistic approach
Pay attention to the interactions between parts rather than the parts themselves
To manage a system we need to manage the interactions between componentsthe interactions between components
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
Separate Improvement Destroy a System
System may be destroyed by separately improving the performance of one orimproving the performance of one or more of their parts
Example: Business traveller wants to save travel department money use cheaptravel department money, use cheap airline connections: cost more time and impacting his or her performance and p g pfinally damage the purpose of business travel
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
Departmental Saving Problem
Each department head proudly tell of their cost saving and profittheir cost saving and profit
What they forget is that each cost saving What they forget is that each cost saving is done by eliminating services from otherbusiness unitsbusiness units
At the end the net cost for the company At the end, the net cost for the company as whole increases and the net company profit decreasesprofit decreases
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
Orchestra
In orchestra, the players are not there to play solos as prima donnas each oneplay solos as prima donnas, each one trying to catch the ear of the listener
They are there to support each other
How about in your organization or family How about in your organization or family or country? Each supporting each other or just collection of prima donnas?or just collection of prima donnas?
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
System Thinkers Solution 2
Long term vision
Focus on the long term profits or benefit of the system as whole
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
Short Term
Short term thinking will lead to crisis over crisis Firefighting is rewarded even as the next fire starts Firefighting is rewarded, even as the next fire starts
buring Focus on quarterly profit statement to look good at the
expense of the future Fear of the next quarterly statement
F f th t f i l Fear of the next performance appraisal Fear of diminishing resources
Any person, with sufficient pressure, can achieve any given target number through distortion, shifting costs to others or outright falsification
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
Long Term
Long term success and winning environment for all come with systemenvironment for all come with system thinking in practice
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
System Thinkers Solution 3
Cooperation
Work to achieve Win-Win results
I t t d t f i t f Integrated management for improvement of synergy that allows individuals working within a system to achieve far more than the indiviualsystem to achieve far more than the indiviual themselves could have acieved.
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
Group and not Individual
W t t i di id l We cannot separate an individual componet from its performance appraisal, b t i i i i di id l bbut we can minimize individual bonuses(pay for the performance)
Group effort is encouraged, with p g ,participation by th workforce and leadership by managementp y g
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
Intrinsic Motivation
Build bigger pie rather than fight over the piecespieces
Employees develop pride and joy at their work insted of merely chasing the latest bonus or trying to avoid blame and the latest retribution
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
Summary
We are great at managing pieces and parts, and attempt to optimize the whole byand attempt to optimize the whole by optimizing individual parts.
Systems Thinking integrates to a higher whole rather than dissecting to lower levelsg
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
Discussion: Applying System Thinking
In your chosen system, how can you apply system thinking?apply system thinking?
In what way do you think your new h ill b b fi i l?approach will be beneficial?
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
Bonus: Game of System Thinking
The purpose of this game is to reveal system thinking through cooperationsystem thinking through cooperation, competition, trust and negotiation
You can cooperate, or betray other teams
Please do not feel bad if your team is Please do not feel bad if your team is betrayed by others. It is only game
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
Game of System Thinking Game preparation: The class is divided into 4 teams Give name to our team Each round:
h ll d b h h Each team will discuss about what to vote within a team
You are not allow to discuss the vote between teams Write the vote in the paper together with your team
name We will play for 8 roundsWe will play for 8 rounds Only at round 3, and 6, each team
representative can discuss between team
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
Game of System Thinking
Objective: G t th hi h t f t Get the highest score for your team.
Rule of the game: You can either vote for X or for Y, not both. If all teams vote Y, no team get any point If all teams vote X, each team get 4 points If there is a mixture of vote, those who vote
X get nothing but those who vote for Y get 5 points
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
Discussion after game
What did you learn from this game?
If you have high trust and highly cooperate, overall score up to 128
Compute the total score for each round and for all rounds (I will write in theand for all rounds (I will write in the white board)
Kardi Teknomo, PhD
Follow Up Game of System Thinking
We will play again 8 more rounds
However, now let us change the objective of the game
Instead of getting highest score for your team the objective is to obtain theteam, the objective is to obtain the highest overall score for all rounds.