Ancient History Review Timeline 1.) Creation 2.) River Valley
Civilizations (Nile, Euphrates, Hindus) 3.) Greek Civilizations 4.)
Roman Civilizations 5.) Islam Begins 6.) Christianity in the dark
ages
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Section 1 Reforms in the Church What were the reasons for
reform in the church during Medieval Times? Moral Corruption
Neglect of church duties for person gain Needed protection from
Vikings for their land Churchmen became vassals divided between
church and feudal lords Lay-investiture kings and nobles appointed
officials and invest them with their religious authority
Unqualified leaders Enticed by money.
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List and describe the measures of reform that began in 910
Forbid Simony-buying and selling of religious or blessed articles
or church offices Freed church from secular control Restore dignity
of the papacy Cistercians monks live in seclusion and strict
discipline Bernard of Clairvaux most zealous member College of
Cardinals churchmen choose the pope
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CisterciansBernard of Clairvaux
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How did the clash between church and state lead to Henry IVs
penitence at Canossa and the Concordat of Worms?
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Pope Gregory VII wanted church free from secular control and
prohibited lay investiture Emperor Henry IV didnt obey and called
the Pope a false monk.so the pope excommunicated him 1077 Henry
begged barefoot in the snow! Concordat of Worms recognized the
right of the church to elect its own bishops and abbots and to
invest them with spiritual authority.
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Henry IV Gregory VII
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Describe the new religious orders founded in the 13 th century.
Monks lead lives of seclusion Franciscan and Dominican friars
labored for reform by living and preaching among the people
(mendicant orders) Francis of Assisi founded Franciscan order and
gave up wealth Dominic battled heresy by educating. They would lead
education and the Inquisition
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Francis of Assisi
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Describe the rule of Innocent III at the zenith of the papacy.
Wealth Power Even humbled the kings (not positively)
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List and describe the weapons that the popes directed against
those who opposed them. 1.) Excommunication 2.) Interdict 3.)
Inquisition
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Describe the character and results of the Medieval Reform
Provided not lasting solutions Compounded problems Didnt focus on
inward cleansing
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Describe the founding of the German kingdom after the death of
Charlemagne Grandson divided kingdom (p. 109) Needed protection
from Magyars Created Dukes who protected duchy. Elected Henry the
Fowler Allowed dukes to maintain authority Repelled invaders and
expanded eastward Otto I, Henrys son, was strong and forced
authority over dukes. Supported by churchmen and defeated Magyars
Magyars settled in the Danube Valley and are known as
Hungarians
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Charlemagne Henry the Fowler
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Otto I
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Describe the establishment of the Holy Roman Empire Italy was
divided and warring Otto crossed Alps and took Lombardy 10 yrs.
Later took Rome Church wanted protectionsooo.
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Explain why the Holy Roman Empire was called holy, Roman, and
an empire. Pope crowned Otto emperor Association created Holy Roman
Empire between Germany and Italy.but not holy, roman, or an empire
Later kings saw themselves as decedents of Charlemagne and
Caesar
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List the conflicts that weakened the Holy Roman Empire and
would prevent Germany and Italy from unifying as early as many of
the other European countries.
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1.) Conflict of Interest Germany intervening in Italian affairs
Otto III building castle in Romerest of Germans left behindbut
growing in power. 2.) Conflict with the popes Emperors began
choosing popes.taking their power The disagreement between Henry IV
and Gregory VIIbut Henry was mad! He returned home, crushed German
nobles, captured Rome, appointed new pope. Gregory had to flee and
died within the year Innocent III helped gain church power
again
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Otto III
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3.) Conflict with Nobles Most damaging conflict Emperors were
concerned with Romeso German nobles grew in power A new royal line,
Salian House, took over (House of Henry IV) They couldnt establish
a centralized monarchy After Henrys sons death, civil war broke out
Leading to Feudalism and duchies became states
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Do you Remember Feudalism?
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1152 Princes wanted to end civil wars Elected Fredrick I
(Barbarossa) of the Hohenstaufen House, king. Wanted to build holy
empire.and once again meddled in Italy Married son to heiress of
Sicily Fredrick II last notable Hohenstaufen ruler, inherited
German and Sicilian kingdoms He is high cultured and educated, was
the ward of Innocent III
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Barbarossa Fredrick II
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Fredrick promised to leave Sicily alone, but after Innocents
death, he went to take it and Italy over.leaving Germany alone once
again Papacy fought him Fredrick died 1250 end of Holy Roman
Empire. Italy and Germany would not be reunited till 19 th century
as unified national states.
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General Timeline Roman Britain Angles and Saxons invade Danish
Vikings Invade Alfred the Great pushed back Danes and laid a
foundation for a unified English monarchy England fell to the
Danish ruler Canute Anglo-Saxons drove out the Danes and placed
Edward the Confessor on the throne Battle of Hastings
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William the Conqueror brings centralized feudalism from
Normandy to Britain Henry II strengthened royal authority Magna
Carta limited the kings power Edward I established Parliament
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Describe how the Angle Saxons occupied and changed Britain
Romans had to leave in 5 th century to protect Roman territory on
the continent Angles and Saxons invaded Britain They established
kingdoms and called the land Angle land
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Explain why Alfred was called the Great including how he
strengthened the Anglo-Saxon practice of local government.
Protected a helpless England from the Danes He conquered southern
England Set up a monarchy Built a navy, churches, schools Divided
realm called shires ruled by shire-reeve Built schools and churches
Monks compiled Anglo-Saxon Chronicles Had great character
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Alfred the Great
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Explain why William the conqueror invaded England A century
after Alfred, England fell to Danish ruler, Canute His later rulers
were weak, so Anglo-Saxons drove out the Danes and made Edward the
Confessor king A descendant of Alfred Known as confessor b/c of his
devotion to God 1066, Edward dies, and his cousin William says
throne was promised to himEnglish nobles elected Harold instead
William gets popes permission, and invades England
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Edward the Confessor William the Conqueror
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Harold, Early of Wessex
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Oct. 14, 1066 William and Harold meet and fight the Battle of
Hastings It wasnt just about kings! It alters English history
Harold killed, Anglo-Saxons defeated William the Conqueror
established Norman dynasty
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Battle of Hastings
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List and describe the steps that William the Conqueror took to
establish centralized feudalism in Britain Brought Norman
feudalism; William was feudal lord Divided land among military
followers, and they were called tenant-in-chief Men had to pledge
allegiance He chose the popesnot the church Wanted to tax people,
to did a survey called Domesday Book
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Doomsday Book
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Video of Battle of Hastings
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLy1LskT6Y8
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Describe how Henry I strengthened royal authority. Henry I
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Describe how British courts of this time influenced the way
courts work today
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Describe Henrys conflict with Thomas-a-Becket Henry vs
Becket
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Describe Richard Is rule of England Richard I
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Explain how the Magna Carta came into being, what it did, and
what important precedents it set.
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Match the witan, Curia regis, and parliament with their
description and put them in chronological order
Slide 51
Describe how Edward I created Parliament and how it came to
consist of the House of Commons and House of Lords Edward I
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Parliament became more and more powerful
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Explain why the development of Parliament was important for
future democracies
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Overall Timeline
Slide 55
List and explain the factors that helped the Capetian kings
increase their power Capet Coat of Arms
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List and explain the ways in which Phillip II expanded the
power of the French Monarchy. Explain how his position differed
from the early Capetian kings
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Philip II of France
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Explain how Louis IX expanded royal power and why he gained the
title, the ideal medieval king Louis IX
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Describe Philip IV clash with Boniface VIII, including what
triggered the clash, what weapons Philip and Boniface yielded
against each other, and why Philip won.
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Describe the Origins of the Estate General and contrast its
effect on France with Parliaments effect on England
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Section 4
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List the motivations spurring particpants of the Crusades
Slide 63
List the Methods the Roman Catholic Church employed to urge
Europeans to join in the Crusades
Slide 64
Describe each of the following crusades 1.) First Crusade
2.)The Kings Crusade (3 rd Crusade) 3.) The Diverted Crusade (4 th
Crusade) 4.) The Later Crusade
Slide 65
List and Describe each of the five consequences of the Crusades
that the book mentions, also describe how the crusades led to each
consequence.
