CHAPTER 1
PAGE
UNIVERSITY OF STO. TOMAS: Department of Medical Technology
vii
Efficacy of Commercially Prepared Cane Vinegar
as a Fixative on Papanicolaou
Smears of Vaginal ScrapingsIn Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements
For the Degree of Bachelor of Science
Major in Medical Technology
By:
Bravo, Joan Regine P.
Del Rosario, Ma. Athena C.
Labadnoy, Wilfred Bryan A.
Piczon, Katrina M.
Sales, Reneepearl Kim P.
Yu, Pauline Diandra B.
4D Medical Technology
January 2013
University of Santo Tomas
Sampaloc, Manila
APPROVAL SHEETThis Thesis Proposal entitledEfficacy of
Commercially Prepared Cane Vinegar as a Fixative on
Papanicolaou
Smears of Vaginal Scrapings
prepared and submitted by
Bravo, Joan Regine P.
Del Rosario, Ma. Athena C.
Labadnoy, Wilfred Bryan A.
Piczon, Katrina M.
Sales, Reneepearl Kim P.
Yu, Pauline Diandra B.
has been approved and accepted as partial fulfillment of the
requirements for Thesis Writing
1.______________________________
Chair
MemberMember
ASSOC. PROF. JOCELYN D. DOMINGO RMT, MSMPR
Chair, Department of Medical TechnologyPROF. PRISCILLA M. TORRES
Dean, Faculty of Pharmacy Ph.D.
University of Santo Tomas
Sampaloc, Manila
406-1611
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY
We hereby affirm that this submission is our own work and that,
to the best of our knowledge and belief, it contains no material
previously published or written by another person nor material
which to a substantial extent has been accepted for award of any
other degree of diploma of a university or other institute of
higher learning, that where due acknowledgment is made in the
text.We also affirm that the intellectual content of this thesis is
the product of our work even though we may have received assistance
from others on style, presentation, and language expression.
Candidates:
Bravo, Joan Regine P.
Del Rosario, Ma. Athena C.
Labadnoy, Wilfred Bryan A.
Piczon, Katrina M.
Sales, Reneepearl Kim P.
Yu, Pauline Diandra B.
_________________________________________
Ruby SP. Garcia, RMT, MSMT
Adviser
Noted by:
Assoc. Prof. Jocelyn Domingo, RMT, MS in Med. & Phar.
Res.
Chair, Department of Medical Technology
University of Santo Tomas
Sampaloc, Manila
RECOMMENDATION FOR PROPOSAL DEFENSE
This Thesis Proposal entitled
Efficacy of Commercially Prepared Cane Vinegar as a Fixative on
Papanicolaou
Smears of Vaginal Scrapings
prepared and submitted by
Bravo, Joan Regine P.
Del Rosario, Ma. Athena C.
Labadnoy, Wilfred Bryan A.
Piczon, Katrina M.
Sales, Reneepearl Kim P.
Yu, Pauline Diandra B.
.
has been thoroughly examined and is now officially endorsed and
recommended for a proposal defense.
______________________________________________
Ruby SP. Garcia, RMT, MSMT, AdviserACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to extend their gratitude to the
following who have given their time, knowledge and support in the
course of conducting this study.
God, we thank you for guiding us along the way, and for giving
us strength and knowledge.
Our parents, who were always supportive and understanding, and
for giving us the opportunity to be part of this institution.
Ms. Ruby Garcia, our thesis adviser, for patiently guiding and
assisting us from the selection of a topic until its
completion.
Ms. Angelica Fabillar, our statistician, for helping us
interpret the data we have gathered for this research. Dr. Grace
Fernandez, for helping us acquire our specimens.
Dr. Aristotle Lee, for giving us his time and effort in grading
the results of our experiment.ABSTRACT
Vinegar is a liquid substance consisting mainly of acetic acid
and water. It is produced through fermentation of ethanol by acetic
acid bacteria. It has been used for centuries to preserve foods by
pickling. The role of vinegar as a possible tissue fixative has not
been thoroughly studied although one of its main constituents,
acetic acid, is a compound used in combination with fixatives that
cause tissue shrinkage. This study aims to look into vinegar as a
possible alternative fixative for pap smears. Two endocervical
swabs smeared in the conventional way were collected from 6
patients each. One slide was immersed for 15 minutes in 95%
ethanol, the control used in the experiment. The other slide was
immersed in vinegar for 15 minutes. The slides were then stained
using the conventional pap smear staining technique and graded by
the pathologist using a Likert-type survey provided by the
researchers. Using the Mann-Whitney U-test, it was found out that
there was no significant difference between the smears fixed with
95% ethanol and vinegar.Table of Contents
Chapter 1 The Problem and Its Background
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Statement of the Problem
1.3. Objectives of the Study
1.4. Significance of the Study
1.5. Scope and Limitation
1.6. Definition of Terms
Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature
2.1. Fixation
2.2. Two Methods of Fixation
2.3. Mechanisms of Fixation
2.4. Factors Influencing Chemical Fixation
2.5. Alcohol Fixative
2.6. Acetic Acid
2.7. Papanicolaou Test
2.8. Papanicolaou Stain
Chapter 3 Methodology
3.1. Convenience Sampling Technique
3.2. Sample Collection and Preparation
3.3. Laboratory Methods
3.3.1. Fixation
3.3.1.1. Vinegar
3.3.1.2. 95% ethanol
3.3.2. Staining
3.4. Grading of Results and Interpretation
3.5. Statistical Method
References
Appendix A Budget Proposal
Appendix B Timeline
Appendix C Gantt Chart
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