Primary Economic Activities

1. Oil

2. Peat

3. Overfishing

4. Farming as a System

Oil – A non renewable resource

Uses of oil: Domestic,Industry,Transport

Who uses more oil?

The north or the South?

Can you think of advantages and

disadvantages of using oil as an energy

Resource??

Saudi Arabia

• Located in the Middle East between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf.

• The capital is Riyadh.

• Most of the oil fields are in the east of the country/

The History of Saudi Arabia• Up until the 1930s Saudi Arabia was a poor country.

Nomads moved from place to place with their herds of animals.

• 1938 oil was discovered. Chemical plants and oil based industries were set up.

• The Middle East became the world’s largest exporter of oil. Many people migrated from the desert regions and settled in the new cities that developed around the oil rigs.

• New hospitals, schools, houses and roads were built.

Saudi Arabian Culture• Islamic traditions are very different to what

we are used to1. Alcohol and pork are not consumed2. It is illegal for married men and women to

go out together in public3. Saudi women must be covered completely

when outside the home4. Saudi women can not drive cars and are

mostly forbidden from working outside the home. There are some exceptions.

The Price of Oil

• In 1960 the main oil producing countries founded the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).

Aim: To control the price of oil to ensure a steady income for its members.

The Future….

• Oil is a non renewable resource the supply will eventually run out.

• The government is encouraging other industries to set up and allowing foreign investors to invest in Saudi’s power generation and communicaitons network.

Activity

• Complete activity 4 in your books. Rewrite into your copies.

The Search for Oil in the Celtic Sea

• Waterford Oil

• Kinsale Gas

• Marathon Corporation

• Drilling

• Platform

What happened..

• 1970s the price of oil increased. The Irish government gave permission to companies to search for oil.

• Oil was discovered off Waterford and gas was discovered off Kinsale in Co.Cork. The gas off the coast in Kinsale was discovered by Marathon Corporation.

The Process

1. The Irish government rented out blocks of the seabed to Marathon.

2. They did rock studies. These showed that there was oil or gas present.

3. Drilling started and gas was found.

4. A platform was built. Gas was transported through a pipeline to the shore.

5. The gas was piped to industrial and domestic customers.

The oil off Waterford was too small and too

expenisve to exploit.

Mayo Gas

• The Corrib gas field discovered 70km off the coast.

• This exploitation is controversial and is an example of a conflict between an industry and the community.

ActivityIn your groups discover the conflict over the

Corrib Gas dispute using your book to help.

Find out the following

1. Who were involved?

2. What were they disagreeing about?

3. What were the arguments for and against?

4. What was the final conclusion?

5. Who do you agree with?

Peat – Non Renewable Resource

• Exploitation• Raised Bogs• Blanket Bogs• Ditcher• Grader• Miller• Harrow• Ridger

Types of Bog

• Raised bog – midlands of Ireland, 8m deep. Kildare and offaly.

• Blanket Bog – found when rainfall is on average greater than 120m per year.

• Shallower than raised bogs. 3m deep.

• Examples found in the West of Ireland

Traditional and Modern Peat Exploitation

Step Activity Machine Past

1.

2.

3.

4.

The Future of Peat Exploitation

• There is a disagreement about our bogs.

• Some think we should fully exploit them.

• Others think we should preserve them.

Can you think how peat bogs could be used

once they have been exploited?

Overfishing Keywords

1. Depletion

2. Continental Shelf

3. North Atlantic Drift

4. Super trawlers

5. Sonar and radar equipment

6. Nets

7. Motorised wrenches

8. Refrigeration

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Fishing in Ireland• Most of the fish caught in the sea are caught on

the continental shelf.• The continental shelf is an area of water just of

the coast.• Why ? – Shallow sea = sunlight = plankton =

feeding fish• The North Atlantic Drift influences the oceans

around Ireland and Europe. This warm current allows the water to be kept ice free all year round.

• The bays and harbours of Ireland are sheltered which makes fishing easier

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Why is fishing important

• Fish is a major food source.

• Fish is regarded as a healthy food due to it’s low fat content.

• Fishing industry employs millions of people worldwide.

» On fishing boats.

» In fishing ports.

» Processing plants.

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Over exploitation of fish

• Why have large quantities of fish now been caught? …………. Technology

1.Large modern fishing boats called super trawlers

2.Improved sonar and radar equipment3.Large nets4.Motorised winches5.Improved transportation and refrigeration.

Activity

• Using the 5 sentences above write 2-3 sentences explaining each into your copy books.

Use the heading ‘Technology and Fishing’

• You may work in groups.

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Three modern Fishing Methods

1. Purse Seining

2. Trawling

3. Drift Netting

4. Traps and fish farms

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Purse seining

Used to catch pelagic fish. Pelagic fish are fish that live near to the surface e.g Mackeral, tuna, herring and salmon

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Trawling

Used to catch demersal fish. They live near or on the sea bed. e.g.s Cod, whiting and haddock

Drift netting

Used to catch pelagic fish. This has been banned in Ireland

Keywords

• Overexploitation

• Celtic Sea

• Sustainable exploitation

• Quota

• Conservation Box or Exclusion Zone

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Over exploitation of fish

• With all this new equipment fish are been removed from the sea at a rate that does now all fish stocks to recover.

• We need to sustainably exploit our fish!

Can you remember what a sustainable resource is???

Case Study: Overfishing of herring in the Celtic Sea

• Why was herring overfished?

1.High commercial value

2.Often move to sheltered area which make them easier to fish

3.They move to the same area every year before they spawn (Release their eggs).

Herring stocks have been almost completely wiped out in the Celtic Sea.

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Conserving Herring Stocks

1. Fishing quotas have been set up by the EU

2. 320km exclusion zone around Ireland (non Eu) boats can not fish here

3. Irish conservation Box most Irish can only fish more than 10km off the coast, EU trawlers have to stay 20km off the coast.

4. Minimum net sizes

5. Stocks are checked and if lowered the quotas are changed

6. Shorter fishing season for some species.33

Farming: A system

Keywords

• Inputs

• Processes

• Outputs

• System

• Farming is a system, as it has inputs (raw materials), processes (activities) and outputs (finished products).

• Inputs: fertilisers, machinery, labour, buildings, government grants and subsidies,

• Processes: ploughing, milking, planting crops, harvesting

• Outputs: milk, beef, straw, vegetables, cereals, manure

Types of farm

1. Mixed farming : both livestock and crops

2. Dairy farming: Cattle only

3. Pastoral farming: Livestock only

4. Arable farming : crops only

5. Market gardening/ horticulture: fruits and vegetables

Factors Influencing Type of Farm

• Relief or shape of the land

• Climate

• Soil

• Family traditions

• Distance from the markets.

• Farming is labour intensive (e.g cows have to be milked twice a day, seven days a week

• It can also be high risk as the production cycle is very long.

• Poor summer weather, unusually cold winters, infections and bad prices at the mart all make farming an uncertain system

Activity

• Each group will be given a type of farm.

• Write the inputs, processes and outputs of the farm.

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The Seasons and Farming• Spring: Land is ploughed and fertilised. Seeds

planted. Lambs and calves are born• Summer: slurry is spread to fertilise grass.

Grass is cut for silage. Sheep are sheared and lambs are sold.

• Autumn: Crops are harvested. Land is ploughed and fertilised. Beef cattle are sold.

• Winter: Livestock is fed. Young cows are purchased. Sheep prepared for lambing. Farm machinery repaired. Maintenance work is carried out.

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