EXTERNAL EXAM PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERSUNIT-I

1. (a) Explain about Ammeter Loading effect.(b) Determine the Multiplier resistance on the 50V range of a DC voltmeter, whichuses 300mA meter movement having internal resistance of 1.2Ω.

2. (a) Draw the Ayrton Shunt Circuit and explain how current measurement is done?(b) It is desired to extend the range of a 10mA Ammeter with Rm =100 Ω to measure 15A. Draw the circuit and determine the value of R.

3. (a) Explain about different types of errors that occur in measurements. How theycan be Minimized ?(b) A Voltmeter having a sensitivity of 15k/V reads 80V on a 100V scale , whenconnected across an unknown resistor. The current through the resistor is 2mA. Calculate the % of error due to loading effect .

4. (a) Explain the Principle and working of differential Voltmeter .(b) Draw the Sketch and explain the principle and operation of True RMS measuring Thermocouple type Voltmeter.

5. (a) Explain the constructional details and differentiate between Ohmmeter seriestype and shunt type.(b) Explain the front panel of a multimeter. Suppose if we are measuring a voltage230V AC. What should be the voltage range we select.

6. (a) Explain the functionality of multimeter. Explain how a continuity test is done by using multimeter.(b) Explain how a Passive and Active components can be measuerd using a multimeter.

7. (a) Draw the circuit for a FET input electronic Voltmeter and explain its working.(b) Give the Schematic for true RMS responding Voltmeter and explain its operation.

8. (a) Explain the terms :i. Significant figures

ii. Conformity.(b) How are random errors analyzed? Explain them with examples.(c) Explain about true RMS voltmeter.

9. (a) Define voltmeter sensitivity. What is the loading effect of a DC voltmeter?Explain with an example.(b) In the circuit shown in figure 1b, two resistors R1 and R2 are connected toa 100V dc source. If the voltage across R2 is to be measured by voltmetershaving.

i. a sensitivity of 1000 /V andii. a sensitivity of 20,000/V, then find which voltmeter will read the accurate value of voltage across R2. Both the meters are used on the 50V range.

10. (a) Explain about systematic errors clearly with the help of examples.(b) A resistance is measured by the voltmeter and ammeter method, the voltmeterreading is 125.4V on the 250V scale and the ammeter reading is 288.5mA on500mA scale. Both meters guaranteed to accurate within ±1 percent of fullscale reading. Calculatei. the indicated value of the resistorii. the limits within which you can guarantee the result.

11. (a) What is Ayrton Shunt? Describe it with a neat sketch. Specify its applications.(b) Design a universal Ayrton shunt to provide an ammeter with a current range of2A, 5A, 10A using a d'Arsonval movement with an internal resistance Rm=50Ω and full scale deection current of 1mA.

12. (a) Draw the block diagram of the measuring system and explain the function ofeach stage of this system.(b) Explain the types of test signals used in determining dynamic characteristicsof measurements applied to a system.

EXTERNAL EXAM PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERSUNIT-II

1. List out some important features like, operating and performance characteristics of digital voltmeters.

2. What are the different sections of a frequency synthesized Signal Generator? Explain the function of each in waveform generation.

3. (a) Explain the Principle and working of a Function Generator.(b) Give the Specifications and Typical Values of a Function Generator Instrument.

4. (a) Explain the principle and working of Arbitrary waveform Generator Instrument.(b) Draw the Circuit for Hartley oscillator and explain the principle of operation.

5. (a) What are the different Types of signal Generators ? Explain each of them briefly.(b) What are the considerations to be made in choosing an oscillator Instrument or Signal Generator Instrument .

6. (a) Draw the block diagram of a Pulse Generator Instrument and explain the operation of the Instrument.(b) Determine the frequency of Colpitts oscillator with L =100mH C1

=0.005µF, C2 = 0.01µF.

7. (a) Explain the Principle and working of FM Signal Generator.(b) Give the specifications and Typical values of FM signal Generator.

8. (a) How Function Generator Instrument is different from signal Generator? Drawthe block schematic and explain the principle of function Generator Instrument.(b) Determine the oscillator frequency of a Hartley oscillator withL1

=100mH , L2 =1mH , M=50mH and c =100pf .

9. With respect to construction and circuit configuration, explain how a square wave generator differs from sine wave generator.10. (a) With a neat diagram describe the principle of operation of Random pattern generator.(b) Explain with a block diagram the working of a AF signal generator.

11. (a) What are the precautionary measures to be taken in a signal generator application?(b) Discuss in detail about RF signal generators operation.

12. (a) What is the need for inserting isolation between the signal generator outputand oscillator in a simple signal generator? What are the different ways in which this can be achieved?(b) With the help of a block diagram, explain the working of laboratory type pulse generator.

13. (a) What are the different types of digital voltmeters? Briefly explain each one of them.(b) The lowest range on a 41/2 digit DVM is 10 mV full scale. What is the sensitivity of this meter?

14. (a) With a neat diagram describe the principle of operation of Video pattern generator.(b) With a block diagram explain the working of an AF oscillator.

15. (a) Draw the block diagram of a function generator and explain its operation.(b) With a neat diagram discuss the operation of a pulse generator.

16. (a) What is meant by arbitrary waveform? Discuss with a neat block diagram theworking of a arbitrary waveform generator.(b) Distinguish between a random pattern and video pattern generators. Discuss about important features of both.

17. (b) A 31/2 digit of DVM has an accuracy of ± 0.5 percent of reading ± 1 digit.i. What is the possible error in volt, when the instrument is reading 5.00 V on the 10 V range?ii. What is the possible error in volt, when reading 0.1 V on the 10 V range?

18. (a) With neat diagrams, discuss about fixed and variable AF oscillators.(b) Describe the following terms related to signal generators:i. Random Noiseii. Arbitrary waveformiii. sweep generator.

19. (a) What are the precautionary measures to be taken in a signal generator application?(b) Discuss in detail about RF signal generators operation.

20. (a) Explain the Principle and working of Ramp Type DVM(b) Give the specifications and Typical Values of a DVM.

EXTERNAL EXAM PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERSUNIT-III

1. Draw the Circuit and explain the principle and working of Tuned circuit Harmonic Analyzer.

2. (a) Draw the block Schematic of a Wave Analyzer and explain its working . what are the applications of Wave Analyzes ?(b) Estimate the value of a minimum detectable signal (MDS) of a Spectrum analyzer with a NF of 25dB using 1KHz 3dB filter.

3. (a) What is wave analyzer?(b) What is the role of active filter heterodyne wave analyzer?(c) What are the limitations of frequency spectrum analyzer?

4. Draw the block Schematic of a Basic Spectrum Analyzer and explain its working?What are applications of this Instrument.

5. Draw the Block Schematic of AF Wave analyzer and explain its principle and Working

6. (a) What is the maximum sweep rate in kilohertz per second that could be usedwith a spectrum analyzer without introducing distortion with a 4-kHz Gaussian filter?(b) How the SSB modulated wave displayed on a spectrum Analyzer?(c) What are the limitations of the tuned circuit harmonic distortion Analyzer?

7. (a) Explain the front panel of Spectrum Analyzer.(b) Explain the importance of Spectrum Analyzer in communication systems.

8. (a) With a neat diagram explain the working of a capacitance - voltage analyzer.(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of a spectrum analyzer?

9. (a) Draw and discuss the spectral displays of various modulations using Spectrumanalyzer.(b) Explain one application of distortion factor meter.

10. (a) Distinguish between spectrum analyzer and harmonic distortion analyzer.(b) Explain the operation of a wave analyzer with a neat diagram.

11. (a) Explain how distortion occurs during transmission of a waveform or communication signal.(b) Explain about various types of distortions occurring in signals. How can they be analyzed

12. (a) Draw and discuss the spectral displays of various modulations using Spectrum analyzer.(b) Explain one application of distortion factor meter.

13. (a) What is the difference between a wave analyzer and harmonic distortion analyzer?(b) Explain with the help of block diagram the working of a harmonic distortion analyzer?

14. (a) Distinguish between spectrum analyzer and harmonic distortion analyzer.(b) Explain the operation of a wave analyzer with a neat diagram.

15. (a) Explain any two types of Spectrum Analyzers.

(b) Explain the following terms associated with Spectrum Analyzer.i. Sensitivityii. Dynamic Rangeiii. Harmonic Mixing.

16. (a) Explain with the help of a block diagram the working of harmonic distortion analyzer.(b) Explain briey the characteristics and terminology of a wave analyzer. Also draw its block diagram.

17. (a) Explain with the help of block diagram the working of a spectrum analyzer.(b) Explain the different applications of spectrum analyzer.

18. (a) Explain with a neat block diagram, the working principle of a distortion analyzer.(b) Explain about the following terms:i. Distortion in a waveformii. Distortion in a communication signal.

19. (a) Distinguish between spectrum analyzer and harmonic distortion analyzer.(b) Describe a signature analyzer and explain usage in locating faults in digital circuits.

EXTERNAL EXAM PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERSUNIT-IV

1. (a) Draw the circuit for Schering Bridge and derive the expression for unknown Capacitance Cx.(b) In the case of a Schering Bridge, arm Ac has R=4.7kΩ. Arm CD has unknown

elements . Arm BD has C=0.1µF Arm AB=4.7KΩ is shunt with 1MF. Determine Values of components is the arm CD.

2. (a) Draw the Wien Bridge and derive the expression for the frequency of excitationSignal at balance. What are the salient features of this bridge curcuit?(b) Which type of Bridge Circuit is used to determine L having Q factor in the range of 1to 10? Draw the circuit and derive the expression for the unknown inductance.

3. (a) Balancing of which type of Bridge circuits AC or DC is difficult ? Why?(b) Draw the circuit for Schering bridge and derive the expression for unknown elements.

4. (a) Which type of Bridge Circuit is used to determine the Dissipated factor of a Capacitor? Draw the Circuit and derive the expression for the unknown elements.(b) Draw the Andersons Bridge Circuit and derive the expression for the unknown Elements.

5. (a) Draw the Maxwells bridge Circuit and derive the expression for the unknown Elements at balance.(b) Draw the Wien Bridge Circuit and derive expression for the frequency at whichThe bridge elements are balanced.

6. Compare Ac Bridge circuit with DC Bridge circuits .

7. (a) Draw the circuit for the Hay's Bridge and derive the expression for unknown Inductance Lx.(b) In the case of Hay's Bridge one arm has resistance of 2KΩ .Another arm has aresistance of 4.7KΩ . The third arm 5KΩ in series with a capacitor of 0.1µF.Determine the values of the elements Rx and Lx in the fourth arm.

8. (a) The standard resistor arm of a Wheatstone bridge has a range of 0 to 100 ohms with a resolution of 0.001 ohm. The galvanometer has an internal resistance of 100 ohm and can be read to 0.5 μA. The other two arms have each 1 Kohm. The bridge is supplied with a 10V DC source. When the unknown resistance is taken as 50 ohm, what is the resolution of the bridge ini. ohms andii. percentage of unknown.(b) Discuss about various errors that occurs during measurement.

9. (a) With neat sketch explain the measurement of unknown inductance by usingHay’s bridge? What are the advantages and limitations of it.(b) What are the limitationsof wheat stone bridge?

10. Define Quality factor? Derive the expression of Quality factor in Hay’s bridge whichis used for the measurement of unknown inductance?

11. (a) With neat sketch explain how unknown resistance measured by means of wheatstone bridge?(b) What are the applications of wheat stone bridge? And list out its limitations.

12. (a) Explain the “parallel-connection” method of using Q-meter and Obtain the expressions for resistance, reactance and Q factor.(b) Give the list of the detectors used in ac bridges.

13. (a) Draw the Circuit of a basic Q-meter and explain its principle of operation using a vector diagram.(b) With circuit diagrams, explain the working of any two bridges that are employed for measurements at radio frequencies.

14. (a) Explain the FM recording method.(b) What are the important features of a Kit type LCR bridge?

15. (a) Discuss the “Direct-connection” technique of using Q-meter.(b) A coil with a resistance of 5Ω is connected to the terminals of the basic Q-meter. Resonance occurs at an oscillator frequency of 4 MHz and resonatingcapacitance of 80 pF . Calculate the percentage of error introduced by theinsertion resistance, Rsh=0.01Ω.

EXTERNAL EXAM PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERSUNIT-V

1. (a) By Lissajous pattern method , explain how the Phase difference between two Sinusoidal Signals can be measured.(b) Give the specifications with Typical values of a CRO.

2. (a) With the help of a block Schematic explain the principle and operation of a CRO.(b) Derive the expression for Electromagnetic Deflection Sensitivity of Sm. Compare this with CRT having Electrostatic Deflection Mechanism.

3. (a) Draw the block Schematic of CRO and explain its working.(b) Derive the expression for electrostatic deflection sensitivity SE of a CRO.

4. (a) Explain abouti. Triggered Modeii. Sweep Mode of a CRO.(b) The time base of a CRO has R = 470k and C = 0.01MF. Determine the %of non-linearity in a Sawtooth output wave form having a period of 0.5m.sec.

6. (a) Explain about Delay lines in CROs.(b) Determine the deflection sensitivity of a CRO, given with usual notation , l=2cm ; d =4.5mm ; L=20cm ; Va = 3200V.

7. (a) Explain how Lissajous patterns of Ellipse and circle are formed ? Derive necessary equations to prove the same .(b) A Lissajous patterns on a CRO has Six Vertical maximum Values and Five horizontal maximum Values. The frequency of the horizontal input is 1500Hz.Determine the frequency of the Vertical input.

8. (a) With a neat circuit diagram, explain the function of associated circuits that are used for CRT operation.(b) Explain how the light is emitted on the screen of a CRO

9. (a) What are the advantages of dual beam for multiple trace oscilloscopes?(b) How is the vertical axis of an oscilloscope deflected? How does this differ from horizontal axis?

10. (a) Draw the neat diagrams of both vertical and horizontal deflection systems and explain briefly about their working.

(b) Draw the block diagram of a dual beam oscilloscope and explain its working.

11. (a) With a neat block diagram, describe the working of a triggered sweep CRO.(b) Mention the advantages of general purpose oscilloscope.

13. Write short notes on the following controls:(a) Delayed Sweep(b) ALT/ CHOP mode(c) Astigmatism.

14. (a) Draw the neat block diagram of a general purpose oscilloscope and explain itsbasic operation.(b) Explain the following terms briey:i. Fluorescenceii. Phosphorescenceiii. Persistence.

15. (a) Explain the working of a post deflection acceleration oscilloscope using a scan expansion mesh.(b) Briefly summarize the characteristics of commonly used phosphors.

16. (a) With a neat circuit diagram, explain the function of associated circuits that are used for CRT operation.(b) Explain how the light is emitted on the screen of a CRO.

EXTERNAL EXAM PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERSUNIT-VI

1. (a) Explain the front panel of Digital storage Oscilloscope.(b) For a communication lab, signals up to 2 GHz are considered. Explain different specifications you consider for CRO selection.

2. (a) Explain the principle and working of a Dual Trace Oscilloscope.(b) Explain the method of measurement of period using CRO.

3. With the help of a block Schematic explain the functioning of a Dual Beam CRO.Compare this with single beam CRO.

4. Draw the block Schematic of a Period measuring instrument and explain its Operation clearly. How do you determine whether frequency or period Measuring to be done for a given Signal? Explain.

(a) Draw the block Schematic of frequency counter and explain its operation.(b) What are the di_erent types of errors that occur in Frequency/Period measurement? Explain.

5. Explain the principle and working of a storage oscilloscope and compare it with normal CRO.

6. (a) Draw the block diagram of the sampling oscilloscope and explain with suitablewaveforms.(b) What is the function of an attenuator in CRO.

7. (a) When is period measurement preferred over frequency measurement? Alsogive two conditions for the period measurement.(b) With a suitable block diagram, explain the operation of a pre scaled frequency counter.

8. (a) Explain the operation of 10 to 1 probe.

(b) Explain the operation of the spot wheel method for frequency measurement.

9. (a) With a suitable block diagram and waveforms, explain the operation of afrequency counter.(b) How many displays (total decades) should a frequency counter have if its accuracy and resolution are to be 0.001 percent?

10. (a) Draw the block diagram of a digital storage oscilloscope and explain its operation.(b) What are the advantages of an active probe?

11. (a) Discuss the following display modes of dual-trace CROi. A and B choppedii. A and B alternate.(b) Explain the working principles of a current probe.

12. (a) Draw the neat diagrams of both vertical and horizontal deflection systems and explain briefly about their working.(b) Draw the block diagram of a dual beam oscilloscope and explain its working.

EXTERNAL EXAM PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERSUNIT-VII

1. Draw the sketches of elastic Transducers and explain how they are used to measure pressure.

2. How are passive Transducer classified ? Give examples and explain the Principleof operation of each of the them. What are the Various physical Parameters that can be measured using them.

3. With the help of a neat sketch explain the principle , working , construction, characteristics and applications of LVDTs.

4. (a) Explain the Principle and working of Strain gauges.(b) What are Strain gauges Rosettes? Explain.(c) What are the Salient features of Semiconductor Strain gauges? Explain.

5. (a) How are the Transducers classified ? Explain about each of them.(b) Draw the Sketch of a potentiometer Transducer and explain how physical parameters can be measured .

6. (a) Explain the principle and construction of LVDT.(b) Explain the principle of Strain gauges and give their constructional details.

7. How are Transducers classified? Give examples and briefly explain about the Principle of operation of each of them.

8. With the help of necessary diagrams, explain the Principle and operation of LVDT.What are the advantages and disadvantages of this transducer? What are applications of LVDT?

9. (a) What is a RTD and where is it used?(b) What is the difference between photo-emissive, photo-conductive and photovoltaic transducers?

10. (a) Compare RTD with thermistor.(b) Explain how the displacement is measured using LVDT.

11. (a) With neat sketch, explain the resistance pressure transducers in detail?(b) Derive an expression for poissons ratio.

12. (a) Describe the operation of Optical pyrometers.(b) Explain the working of a turbine flow meter with a neat diagram.

13. (a) What parameters should be considered in selecting a transducer?(b) Define active transducer and passive transducer? Give the examples for each?

14. (a) Differentiate the bonded resistance wire strain gauge and unbounded resistance wire strain gauge?(b) Write short notes on the following terms:i. Active transducersii. Passive transducers.

15. (a) State the error introduced in thermocouple. Describe the various metod to compensate this error.(b) Explain How the thickness of a sheet material can be measured?

16. (a) Write a short note on pressure transducers?(b) Write a short note on any one of the bellow-type gauges for measurement of absolute pressure?

17. (a) Explain how an electrical transducer can be used to find the unknown pressure of a liquid?(b) Briefly explain the principle and operation of piezoelectric accelerometer?

18. (a) Compare thin film RTD and wire wound RTD.(b) Explain the working of a magnetic flow meter with a neat diagram.

19. Briefly explain the different types of resistance thermometers? Also give their applications.

20. (a) What is a RTD and where is it used?(b) What is the difference between photo-emissive, photo-conductive and photovoltaic transducers?

EXTERNAL EXAM PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERSUNIT-VIII

1. Explain the Principle, working, Construction, characteristics and applications of Thermistors.

2. (a) Explain the principle and working of ultrasonic Level gauge.(b) How Humidity and Moisture are measured? Explain.

3. Explain the principle of Elastic Force Device and other Electro mechanical Methods for force measurement .

4. Draw the Sketch and explain the principle and operation of Hotwire Anemometerfor liquid flow measurement. What are the two types of anemometer available for liquid flow measurement.

5. Explain the principle and working of Ultrasonic Flow meters. Compare this withother types of flow measurements .

6. (a) Explain the principle and working of Proximity Detector.(b) How Humidity and Moisture are measured? Explain.

7. With the help of a neat sketch explain the principle and working of Electromagnetic Flow meter. What are the advantages and Limitations of this Method?

8. Explain the principle and working of magnetic flow meters. What are the Advantages and Limitations of these meters. Compare them with other types of Flow measurement techniques.

9. (a) Explain how an electrical transducer can be used to find the unknown pressureof a liquid?(b) Briefly explain the principle and operation of piezoelectric accelerometer?

10. (a) Define pressure? What are different methods of pressure measurement?(b) Define the following terms:i. Gauge pressureii. Absolute pressureiii. Differential pressure.

11. (a) Write about calibration of pressure measuring instrument?(b) What is piezo electric effect? How pressure is measured by using piezoelectric pressure transducer?

12. Briefly explain the working principles and measurement of force by any two nonelectric techniques?

13. (a) Distinguish the A.C. tacho generator and D.C. Tacho generator?(b) With neat sketch briefly explain a.c. tacho generator?

14. (a) How pressure can be determined by using well type manometer?(b) What are the errors in manometer? Explain them in detail?

15. (a) With neat sketch, explain the resistance pressure transducers in detail?(b) Derive an expression for poissons ratio.

16. (a) Explain how an electrical transducer can be used to find the unknown pressureof a liquid?(b) Briefly explain the principle and operation of piezoelectric accelerometer?

17. (a) Explain briefly the construction and working of the Hydraulic Force Meter and also explain its applications in various measurements?(b) Find the cause that produces the resistance or obstruction to a 10kg body, moving with an acceleration of 10kg/m2. Name the cause and find the value of that cause?

18. (a) With a neat sketch, briefly explain the principle of operation and force measurement by cantilever beam type load cell?(b) Explain the working of D.C. Tacho generators with a neat sketch. What are its advantages and limitations?

19. (a) Write about calibration of pressure measuring instrument?(b) What is piezo electric effect? How pressure is measured by using piezoelectric pressure transducer?