Prevention,Prognosis and Epidemiology of Otitis Media

8/14/2019 Prevention,Prognosis and Epidemiology of Otitis Media

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prevention,prog

Presented by

Syadzwina Syaufika


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Prevention...

The best way to prevent ear infections is to

prevent colds and flu.

Good Hygiene..


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Good hygine Colds and flus are spreadprimarily when an infected person coughs or

sneezes near someone else. A very common

method for transmitting a cold is by shaking hands.

Waterless hand cleaners that contain an alcohol-

based gel are also effective for everyday use and

may even kill cold viruses. (They are less effective,

however, if extreme hygiene is required. In such

cases, alcohol-based rinses are needed.)

Antibacterial soaps add little protection, particularly

against viruses.


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Flu Vaccines. Flu vaccines produce an

immune response that attacks the active virus.

Vaccines are typically given by injection. Antibodiesto the influenza virus generally develop within 2

weeks of vaccination, and immunity peaks within 4

- 6 weeks, then gradually wanes.


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Antiviral Drugs. Antiviral drugs are

available to treat influenza. One such drug,

oseltamivir (Tamiflu), is approved for use

in children age 1 year and older. Studies

report significant reduction in symptoms

and in the incidence of ear infections with

this drug.


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Preventing BacterialInfections

Antibiotics have been used to prevent

bacterial infections in children with

recurrent ear infections (4 or more

episodes a year).


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Pneumococcal Vaccine. Thepneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) protects

against S. pneumoniae (also called pneumococcal)

bacteria in children, the most common cause of

middle ear infections, pneumonia, and other

respiratory infections. The recommended schedule

of pneumococcal immunization is four doses, given

at 2, 4, 6, and 12 - 15 months of age


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Dietary Factors andSupplements

Healthy Diet. Daily diets should include

foods such as fresh, dark-colored fruits

and vegetables, which are rich in

antioxidants and other important food

chemicals that help boost the immune

system.


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Prognosis...

There has been some concern that ear

infections in infants less than three months

old may indicate more serious infections,

such as meningitis.


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Chronic otitis media usually responds to

treatment, but your child may need tocontinue taking medicines for several

months. Such ear infections are not life

threatening but can be uncomfortable and

may result in hearing loss and other

serious complications.


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With treatment, the prognosis foracute

otitis media is very good. However, long-

lasting accumulations of fluid within the

middle ear are a risk both fordifficulties

with hearing and speech.Furthermore,

without treatment, otitis media can lead to

an infection within the nearby mastoid

bone, called mastoiditis.


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Epidemiology...

Race Until recently, prevalence of OM in

the United States was reported to be

higher in black and Hispanic children than

in white children.


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Sex Several more recent studies have

shown equal AOM prevalence in malesand females; many previous studies had

shown increased incidence in boys.


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Age Peak prevalence of OM in both

sexes occurs in children aged 6-18

months.

Some studies show bimodal prevalence

peaks; a second, lower peak occurs at age

4-5 years and corresponds with schoolentry.

Although OM can occur at any age, 80-


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Referensi...

www.emedicine.com

www.umm.edu

www.medlineplus.com
http://www.emedicine.com/http://www.umm.edu/http://www.medlineplus.com/http://www.medlineplus.com/http://www.umm.edu/http://www.emedicine.com/


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Documents

Prevention,Prognosis and Epidemiology of Otitis Media