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Prevention of Respirable
Crystalline Silica at the workplace
Social Dialogue
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Insert your logo Crystalline Silica in Foundries
Crystalline silica is ubiquitous Crystalline silica is the base material of cores and
moulds Crystalline silica flour is the base material of
refractory materials Where there is crystalline silica, there is often also
respirable crystalline silica
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Definition of Respirable Crystalline Silica Dust (RCS)
alveolar fraction (A)
thoracic fraction
respirable fraction (R)
Aerodynamic diameter (µm)
Ma
tter %
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0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
1975 1985 1995 2005
Red line: Current limit value in A and inofficial limit value in D: 0.15 mg/m3
Grey line: Suggestion from SCOEL for EU: < 0.05 mg/m3
RCS at workplaces in foundries
The blue curve reflects the 90%-value in mg/m3 (Main association of commercial Employers' Liability Insurance Association)
Insert a chart that informs about the measured values in your country
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(1) Other limits are applied for dust containing quartz(2) Since 1 October 2006(3) No OELs for crystalline silica since 2005, instead there is a workers health protection system.
Countries All industries (mg/m³)
Austria (1) 0.15Belgium 0.1Czech Republic 0.1Denmark (1) 0.1Estonia 0.1Finland 0.2France (1) 0.1Germany (3)Greece (1) 0.1Hungary 0.15Ireland 0.1Italy 0.05Netherlands 0.075Poland 0.3Portugal 0.05Slovak Republic 0.1Slovenia 0.15Spain 0.1Sweden 0.1UK (2) 0.1
European limit values for crystalline silica
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IARC1 Classification 1997
Crystalline silica inhaled in the form of quartz or cristobalite from occupational sources is carcinogenic to humans, group 1
In making the overall evaluation, the Working Group noted that carcinogenicity was not detected in all industrial circumstances studied2
1: IARC: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon
2: IARC Monographs 68, “Silica, silicates, dusts and organic dusts” (1997)
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SCOEL1 Statement 2003
The main effect in humans of the inhalation of respirable silica dust is silicosis. There is sufficient information to conclude that the relative risk of lung cancer is increased in persons with silicosis.
Therefore preventing the onset of silicosis will also reduce the cancer risk. Since a clear threshold for silicosis development cannot be identified, any reduction of exposure will reduce the risk of silicosis.
It arises that an OEL should lie below 0.05 mg/m3.
1: SCOEL: European Commission DG EMPL, Scientific Committee for Occupational Exposure Limits
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New cases of silicosis excl. coal workers
0
100
200
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700
1979
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2005
Germany
UK
France
Belgium
Years
New
cas
es
Belgium: Fonds des Maladies ProfessionnellesFrance: Statistiques Financières et Technologiques des Accidents du Travail, CNAM UK: Health & Safety Statistics, HSE Germany: Berufgenossenschaften Statistiken
New cases of silicosis excl. coal workers
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Consequences of an EU classification
SubstitutionUse in closed systems whenever technically
possible (Minimisation down to zero)Labeling as carcinogenEnvironmental regulatory concerns (e.g.
emissions, waste, etc.)Critical public attentionOEL: below 0,05 mgNot feasible in most foundry shops
Appropriate reply: Action not legislation
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What is a Social Dialogue?
Agreement between social partners on EU level Social Dialogue Agreement (SDA) instead of legal regulations Preparation of „Good Practices Documents“ Employers strive for implementation Monitoring in companies (employer/employee)
Several industries concerned Formalised procedure of the EU-Treaty Strong support through the EU Commission!! Signature on April 25, 2006 Entry into force October 25, 2006
Insert your logo Social Dialogue on crystalline silica in the EU –
Panels at the negotiations
Negotiation Platform on Silica (NePSi) Plenary
Employers
NePSiOffice
Technical Working Group:
Measures etc.
Steering-Working Group:
Rules etc.
Employees
CAEF CEEMET
DGVGDMVDG
EMF
IG-MetallGesamt-
metall
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Agreement text Objectives
Health protection of employees Minimisation of exposure through application of Good Practices
(no European limit values) Increase of knowledge
„Non application“: Non compliance with the treaty and the Good Practices that
leads to an increased exposure and thereby to health risks
Principles Increase of knowledge, necessity of a strategy of prevention Silica is indispensable for many industrial processes
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Agreement text (2) Good Practices
Obligation to comply with described technical solutions or comparable effective protective measures
Documentation within the scope of a risk assessment (that needs to be created anyway)
Monitoring and Reporting Double verification principle for monitoring the Good Practices Monitoring format considerably adapted and easy to handle Time and effort for monitoring within reason (0.5 to 2 days every 2
years) Implementation and updating may require extra time, depending on the
status of the respective occupational safety and health organization Monitoring is added value from point of view of the workers‘ unions
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Annex 3 Reporting
In foundries the employer has to prepare a report every 2 years in coordination with the employees’ representative on the situation regarding crystalline silica dust, there are the following tasks:
Number of …
• employees
• employees exposed to crystalline silica
• employees included in risk management
• employees included in health monitoring
• employees trained and informed on crystalline silica
• technical occupational health and safety measures
• organisational occupational health and safety measures
• personal protective measures
•Free area for your comments
Just yes/no
no figures
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Agreement text (3) Training of employees Establishment of a council as single institution to supervise
implementation and interpretation of the agreement Equal representation, consensual decisions aspired In repeated cases of unjustified non-application of the Good Practices by a
company: Resolution on „appropriate measures“ Reimbursement through European Union
Confidentiality stipulation Duration
Right for termination at any time at one-year period If EU law is suggested regarding crystalline silica, parties convene to
consult consequences Entry into force
Since October 2006
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More on the Social Dialogue
Negotiations have been concluded with a result that has been accepted by all negotiating parties
Concrete occupational health and safety measures have been agreed upon
The agreed health and safety measures as well as their monitoring and reporting are demanding
The agreements (especially the Good Practices) are geared to circumstances in modern central-European foundries
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Good Practice Guide on Workers’ Health Protection through the Good Handling and Use of Crystalline Silica and
Products containing it
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Part 1: Respirable crystalline silica essentials 1. Introduction 1.1 What is silica? 1.2 Respirable crystalline silica 1.3 Occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica 2. Silica and the silica industry 2.1 Where silica occurs 3. Respirable crystalline silica and its health effects 4. Risk Management – What do I need to do?
Annex 1: Table of Occupational Exposure Limit Values 2Annex 2: Tables of processes generating fine particles
Part 2: Task Manual 56 Task Guidance Sheets, of which 28 are of relevance for foundries
Annex 1: Good Practices
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Annex 1
Risk Management
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2.1.4
Design of ducting This activity covers design of the ductwork, which makes up part of a dust extraction system. This guidance sheet is to be read in conjunction with the sheets entitled “local exhaust ventilation” and “design of dust extraction units”.
Access Restrict access to the work area to authorised personnel
only.
Design and equipment
This guidance sheet is aimed at employers to help them comply with the requirements of workplace health and safety legislation, by controlling exposure to respirable crystalline silica. Specifically, this sheet provides advice on the design of ducting, for connection to a dust extraction unit in the workplace. It describes the key points you need to follow to help design an efficient system of ductwork, which is easy to maintain. Depending on the specific circumstances of each case, it may not be necessary to apply all of the control measures identified in this sheet in order to minimize exposure to respirable crystalline silica. i.e. to apply appropriate protection and prevention measures. This document should also be made available to persons who may be exposed to respirable crystalline silica in the workplace, in order that they may make the best use of the control measures which are implemented. This sheet forms part of the Good Practices Guide on silica dust prevention, which is aimed specifically at the control of personal exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust in the workplace.
.
Definition of
objective
Title and (repeated) sub-titles
Picture or illustration
Maintenance
Examination and testing
Cleaning and housekeeping Do not clean up with a dry brush or using compressed air.
Personal Protective Equipment Refer to task sheet 2.1.15 dedicated to Personal Protective Equipment.
Training Give your employees information on the health effects associated with
respirable crystalline silica dust
Provide employees with training on: dust exposure prevention; checking controls are working and using them; when and how to use any respiratory protective equipment provided and what to do if something goes wrong. Refer to task sheet 2.1.19 and part 1 of the Good Practice Guide.
Supervision Have a system to check that control measures are in place and
that they are being followed. Refer to task sheet 2.1.17.
Employers should make sure that employees have all the means to perform the checklist given opposite.
Employee checklist for making the best use of the controls Look for signs of damage,
wear or poor operation of any equipment used. If you find any problems, tell your supervisor.
Employee checklist
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Individual task sheets: General
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Individual task sheets: Foundries
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The Agreement will enter into effect 6 months after its implementation, provided it has been translated into the 20 official EU languages.
In 2007, a preliminary reporting on the status of implementation will be organized.
Official reporting for the first time in 2008, and every 2 years from then on.
Signature25/04/06
Entry into effect
25/10/06
Preliminary
reportingMay 2007
reporting May 2008
Translation
Time Line
Insert your logo Action plan for companies
Implement checklist
Nominate responsibles
Organize training sessions
Determine exposure (risk assessment)
Prepare reporting
Further information:
www.dgv.de
www.nepsi.eu
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