10
Between Two Stools? The Government's `Preventing Violent Extremism' Agenda PAUL THOMAS The 7/7 London bombings and the failed 21/7 attacks of July 2005 had, and con- tinue to have, a signi®cant impact on British politics and society. They repre- sented the emergence of a new phenom- enon for Britain: home-grown suicide bombers willing to attack civilians. In both the bombers' willingness to die, and in the deliberate targeting of civi- lians, these attacks were arguably dier- ent to previous `terrorist' threats to Britain, such as by various Irish repub- lican groups between the 1970s and 1990s. The fact that the bombings and attempted attacks of July 2005 were not a one-o spasm has been shown by a number of more recent trials and convic- tions for terrorist conspiracies. 1 These cases have all involved young British Muslims some of them converts) and plans for causing explosions, and been based in a number of dierent towns and cities. The alienation of a small minority of young British Muslims from `British' values and lifestyles that these attacks and conspiracy cases have apparently exposed has added fuel to the already heated public debates around national identity, `shared values' and integration that were prompted by the 2001 violent disturbances in Oldham, Burnley and Bradford all involving Muslim-origin young men), and the closely-related emergence of the new `race relations' policy priority of community cohesion. 2 Community cohesion's critique of `par- allel lives' and a profound lack of shared values in ethnically-mixed communities have led to a strong policy focus on direct contact and integration. 3 Implicit within the development of community cohesion policies has been a critique of past race relations policy approaches, with `multi- culturalism' characterised as leaving Brit- ain `sleepwalking to segregation'. 4 Increasingly, `multiculturalism' has also been blamed by a number of right-of- centre think tanks, such as Policy Exchange and the Royal United Services Institute, for undermining Britain's abil- ity to combat terrorism, both at home and abroad. 5 Whilst government ministers have avoided direct attacks on multicul- turalism, their pointed, post-2001 em- phasis on the new concept of `community cohesion' speaks volumes. The opposition have not felt similarly constrained, with Conservative Shadow Home Secretary Dominic Grieve MP commenting that `we've actually done something terrible to ourselves in Britain' through multiculturalism and that `in this vacuum, both the BNP and Hizb-ut-Tahir rise'. 6 Post-2001 community cohesion recom- mendations for citizenship tests and cer- emonies for new migrants, a stronger sense of an overarching `British' identity and a much greater focus on citizenship education for young people have all been re-energised in the wake of the 7/7 attacks. Alongside this has come a new policy initiative aimed directly at support for, and promotion of, Islamist terrorist ideologies within British society, as part of government's overall counter- terrorism strategy CONTEST). The `Pre- venting Violent Extremism' PVE) initia- tive was ®rst announced by government in October 2006, and operationalised via # The Author 2009. Journal compilation # The Political Quarterly Publishing Co. Ltd. 2009 Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA 282 The Political Quarterly, Vol. 80, No. 2, April±June 2009

Preventing Violent Extremism Article

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Between Two Stools? The Government's 'Preventing Violent Extremism' Agenda - Paul Thomas

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Page 1: Preventing Violent Extremism Article

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