Preventing Dementia Presentation 2

8/13/2019 Preventing Dementia Presentation 2

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Introduction History

Description

Impact

Etiology Risk Factors

Prevention

Overview


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What is Dementia?


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Dementia Literally means without mind

Referred to a variety of mental illness

Senile/Senility

Literally means old age Developed negative connotation due to cognitive decline assoc

with the elderly

History

(Birchtold & Cottman, 1998


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Age related cognitive decline first recorded byPythagoras in the 7thcentury, B.C.

Old age (Senium) begins at 63

A long period of physical decline and decay,

and regression of mental capacity

A return to the imbecility of infancy

Fortunately, few humans experience it

History



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Plato and Aristotle (3rdcentury B.C.)

Mental failure in old age inevitable

Elderly are useless in roles requiring high ability,due to deterioration of imagination, judgment,

reasoning, and memory Didnt link deterioration to organic causes

History



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Cicero (2ndcentury B.C.)

Senile debility is not characteristic of all elderly

The weak minded affected more

An active mental life can prevent or postpone

mental failure Should be considered a disease and defended

against

History


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Galen (150-200, A.D.)

Mental deterioration with age inevitable, and dueto reduced number of animal spirits and fromcoldness and humidity in the brain

Little progress for more than a millennium Roger Bacon (1214-1294)

memory is a function of the brain

cognitive decline is due to injury to the brainoccurring in old age.

History



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Dementia described by Shakespeare in literaryworks (14th/15thcentury , A.D.)

Differentiated between cognitive decline andmadness

Commented on both affective and cognitive

changes that occur with dementia

Many elderly with symptoms of dementiavictimized during witch hunts (1400-1600s, A.D.)

History



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Human dissection becomes popular/acceptablein the 1700s

Brain atrophy first observed

Senile dementia classified as medical condition(neuroses) resulting from disturbed nervous

system function Senile dementia defined as decay of perception

and memory in old age Cullen

History



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Suspected causes for senile-dementia in theearly 19thcentury:

History

Menstrual disordersSequelae of deliveryHead injuriesProgression of age

Ataxic feverHemorrhoids surgeryMania and monomaniaParalysisApoplexySyphilis

Mercury abuseDietary excessesWine abuseMasturbation

Unhappy loveFearsPolitical upheavalsUnfulfilled ambitionsPovertyDomestic problems


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In the 1860s decreasedbrain weight linked tosenile dementia and eventually brain atrophy

1890s Brain atrophy in dementia attributed tolesions caused by neurovascular events

(strokes), cutting off the blood supply to thebrain

1898 senile dementia differentiated fromdementia praecox (later schizophrenia)

History



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1907 Alois Alzheimer using advancing cellularstaining techniques discovered neurofibriltangles, and plaques throughout the brain of adeceased 51 year old with pre-senile dementia

Auguste D. is first observed case of Alzheimersdisease

5 cases of Alzheimers Disease discovered by1910

History


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No universal definition

Considered to be a syndrome, analogous tounhealthy aging, a diagnostic label

Deterioration in at least three of the following

domains: memory, language, visuospatial skills,personality or behavior, and executive functioning

Common symptoms include forgetfulness,language deterioration, mood changes, impaired

judgment, and loss of initiative

Current Definition & Descriptio

(Mandell & Green, 2011; Cu


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Celebrities w/ DementiaCharles Bronson


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Celebrities w/ DementiaJames Doohan


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Celebrities w/ DementiaCharlton Heston


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Celebrities w/ DementiaRonald Reagan


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2005 24 million people with dementia globally

A new case every 7 seconds

Alzheimers Disease (AD) accounts for up to70% of all dementia cases

AD is 5thleading killer in the U.S. of adults overage 65

Over 100$ billion a year for care (US)

Dementia Pandemic

(M


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Dementia Pandemic


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Dementia Pandemic


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Dementia Pandemic

(M


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2005 24 million people with dementia

A new case every 7 seconds

Alzheimers Disease (AD) 5thleading killer inthe U.S.

Prognosis

(M

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Preventing Dementia Presentation 2