preventing child injury on farms

KC Barnwell, Cammie Sauer, Cami Hammond, Chris Monahan

table of contents

welcome---------------------------------------------------------------------1

background and introduction-------------------------------------------2-3

ramifications of the problem--------------------------------------------4

solutions--------------------------------------------------------------------5

solution 1: saftey training-----------------------------------------------6

solution 2: educating -----------------------------------------------------7

solution 3: ban children from working on farms--------------------8

conclusion------------------------------------------------------------------9

bibliography---------------------------------------------------------------10-11

appendix ------------------------------------------------------------------12-19

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Welcome to our issue book

Communication's 352 Persuasions is pleased to provide this Issue Book to provide dialog to the growing problem of Child Labor and injuries specifically relating to agriculture. The purpose of this issue book is to work together to:

- Understand the problem- Consider the benefits and possible weaknesses- Identify actions that are likely to make a positive difference and are attainable in terms of time, resources, and farmers will - Explore what needs to be done in the future

We hope that his book will help farmers and the community gain more knowledge and understand how important and dangerous farms are for children. This book will also help to prevent injuries and create stricter child labor laws.

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Background and introduction The Agriculture business has become one of the largest forms of child labor. Child labor is work that harms children or keeps them from attending school. Around the world and in the U.S., growing gaps between rich and poor in recent decades have forced millions of young children out of school and into work. The International Labor Organization estimates that 215 million children between the ages of 5 and 17 currently work under conditions that are considered illegal, hazardous, or extremely exploitative. In the early decades of the twentieth century children were often preferred because farm owners viewed them as more manageable and cheaper which caused the numbers of child laborers in the U.S. to hit its high. As the labor and reform movements grew and labor standards in general began improving, child labor began to decline. Organizations such as, Working Women’s Societies and state Consumers’ Leagues generated the National Consumers’ League in 1899 and the National Child Labor Committee in 1904, which shared common goals of challenging child labor. The National Child Labor Committee’s work to end child labor was combined with efforts to provide free, compulsory education for all children and culminated in the passage of the Fair Labor Standards Act in 1938, which then set federal standards for child labor. After many years the U.S. Department of Labor is proposing revisions to child labor regulations that will strengthen the safety requirements for young workers employed in agriculture and related fields, which have not been updated since 1970. Even though the parental exemption for the owner or operator of a farm is statutory and no one can regulate everything there still needs to be rules and regulations set to eliminate the harm that children face. A child of any age may perform any job, even hazardous work, at any age at any time. The reality is physical growth varies during the first 20 years of life (Gabbard, 1992). A very rapid growth rate takes place from birth to age 4. During this time, children are just developing their motor skills. These children experience balance problems and clumsiness, making coordination virtually impossible.

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background and introduction cont.

Preschool children generally have slower reaction times than older children. It is difficult for them to determine speed, weight, force, acceleration, distance or location accurately (Keogh and Sugden, 1985). Between preschool and puberty (ages 6-11), there is a period of steady growth. During these ages, children try to master more complex tasks requiring eye-hand coordination. These developments are usually slow and improves with practice. Preschool aged children use preoperational thought (Piaget, 1971). They are in the process of learning language and basic problem-solving techniques. It is very difficult for them to remember rules and their attention span is less than 10 minutes. Children between the ages of 6 and 11 operate on concrete facts (Piaget, 1971). They are not capable of dealing with abstract ideas ad their attention span is approximately 12 to 14 minutes. Due to the limitations in their cognitive development, oral instructions do not work well. They need demonstrations of how to do the task. By age eight, a child can begin to deal with issues like location, distance, and wight, force, speed,and acceleration (Keogh and Sugden, 1985). They develop directionally (north, south, east, west) around age 12 (Long and Looft, 1972). Between ages 9 and 11, the child begins to accurately judge the flight of a moving object and their ability to distinguish objects in motion slowly improves (Williams, 1983). Children begin thinking abstractly around 12 to 14 years of age (Piaget, 1971). They can understand instructions without seeing the task and can generalize past tasks to new experiences. From ages 15 to 18, abstract thinking has been accom-plished, allowing for oral instructions, generalization of skills from one task to another, and making projections into the future (Clark, 1994).

From this analysis we clearly see that

Children working on farms is dangerous and

needs rules and regulations.

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Ramifications of the problem

1 2 3Farms are dangerous and children need to

be aware of this.

- More than 25,000 children and adolescents have farm-related injuries each year.

- In Lancaster County a one-year-old child is hospitalized in critical condition after being run over by a forklift. Police said that a 16 year old was operating the forklift and did not realize the child walked behind the machinery. www.fox43.com

Farms are the least regulated industry.

- 100 children are killed each year in the United States and another 23000 are injured. - Children die from being run over by farm equipment or drowning in ponds or manure lagoons. - “There is a spectrum of prevention,” said Barbara Lee, the center’s director. “That includes one-on-one education, educating groups, changing community norms, changing organizational practices and changing public

Agriculture is a large contributor to the U.S.

economy. - Agriculture contributes $700 billon to the U.S. economy

- Agriculture is an industry that employs 15% of total Americans workforce to produce, process and sell food and fiber

- There is concern that the law could discourage developing kids’ interest in careers in agriculture

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solutions to the problem

1

2

3

Saftey trainingTraining both farmers and children in proper techniques and saftey protocol will help reduce inury on farms.

educatingEducating farmers on child labor laws and appropriate rules will make farming a safer enviroment.

ban children from working on farmsBy not allowing children to work in a farming enviroment the risk of injury or death is eliminated.

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solution 1 : Saftey educatingWorking with the hands:- Don’t work arms and hands above shoulder height- Make sure items are close to you so you don’t carry them too long- If you do the same things over and over take time to recover.

Lifting and stooping:- Align your hands directly with the lifts used to carry materials- Make sure loads are designed to be held close to the body- Providing heavy lifting equipment- Try to keep poundage of items carried to under 50 LBS:- When bending low make sure knees are at proper angle when carrying objects- Don’t carry objects more than 50 or so pounds while stooped- Hold things with care

Prevent sunburn and heat related injuries- Provide sunscreen- Provide protective clothing- Schedule work to avoid intense sun- Provide breaks in the shade- Provide adequate water

Prevent strains and sprains:- Use helpers- Rotate jobs- Provide breaks

Prevent Eye Injuries- Provide safety devices in place

Prevent Injuries from Farm Equipment and Machinery:- Keep safety devices in place- Add rollover protective structures to tractors-including older model tractors (ROPS)- Prohibit loose clothing and hair around power equipment

possible weaknesses

- Injuries can still occur if clumsiness is observed in following these procedures- Farm labor production could falter- The federal government may choose to regulate funding for saftey

Following these guidelines will provide a way to reduse catastrophic injury and help speed along the process of good farm labor production.

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solution 2: educating

STAYING IN SCHOOL: - When children see the importance of work they no longer want to stay in school and just want to drop out to make money- Education is very important and if the owners of the farm can have influences on these young children to get their education there would not have to be child labor laws. - Always allow children to go to school and to not work long hard hours

RULES AND REGULATIONS: - By having rules that young children have to obey they are learning to be obedient to not only their parents but to their co-workers as well.- Rules are a very good way to reduce injury- Knowing and understanding the rules on the farm will help the farm run a lot smoother- There needs to be rules with the most dangerous things- There needs to be guidelines that the owner follows and that he is trained on because it is very easy to just stray away when it is your own business- The rules and regulations should not be strict about who can and cannot work on the family farm but to only help prevent injuries.

FARMERS NEED TO BE TRAINED SPECIFICALLY ON CHILD LABOR: - By being educated on child labor farm owners are very much aware of what children can and cannot handle. - They are aware of what child labor is and will be much more cautious about child labor on their own farms - Famers need to know and understand that the government is not trying to take away the privelages of having children learn responsibilities but they are trying to protect children

possible weaknesses

- Children will have to obey some rules that they don’t like, as well as parents.- Some will think that the government is taking away their own free agency of their own farm. - Farmers will be annoyed by having to go to classes and learn the education about child labor, staying in school, and preventing injuries.

By having farmers learn about farm injuries, child labor and

the benefits of staying in school they can make their farm a

safer environment.

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solution 3: ban chidlren from working on farms

Children under 18 would not be allowed to work on farms:- Nearly 100 kids are killed on farms each year- In 2010, according to Bureau of Labor Statistics, 12 of the 16 children under age 16 who suffered fatal occupational Injures worked in crop production- For agricultural worked age 15 to 17, the risk of fatal injury is four times the risk for young workers in other workplaces

Children would not be able to be around:- Large farm animals - Tractors- Chemicals- Farm buildings

A farm would be classified as:- an area that was devoted to producing food products (Produce, grains, livestock), fibers, and/or fuel.

possible weakness

-Children would miss out on the chance to participate in FFA and 4H activities-Family farms would incur additional costs -Children would miss the opportunity to learn to work hard

By following these recommendations children would avoid the dangers

of farming.

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conclusion

In this issue book, we have explored three different problems and solutions regarding the injuries due to children working on agricultural farms. Though the solutions overlap in some respect they suggest different significances for actions that would help reduce child labor and injuries on farms.

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BibliographyAge-Appropriate Tasks for Children on Farms and Ranches. University of Idaho Extension. 20 April 2012. Web. June 26, 2012. http://www.extension.org/pages/63149/age-appropriate-tasks-for-children-on-farms-and-ranches

Barbella, Lisa. “Farm Safety Center steps up to protect rural children.” Medill Reports Chicago. 14 February 2012. Northwestern University. Web. 16 June 2012. http://news.medill.northwestern.edu/chicago/news.aspx?id=200339

Barrett, Julia R. "Farm Chore Checkup." Environmental Health Perspectives 112.14 (2004): A 804. Academic Search Premier. Web. 19 June 2012.http:// web.ebscohost.com. byui.idm.oclc.org/ehost/pdfviewer/ pdfviewer?sid=44072ea8-3a88-4163-ab76-e19549f9bd67%40sessionmgr 12&vid=7&hid=24

Clark, R. (1994, June). "Developmental characteristics of children: A framework for age appropriate tasks". Proceedings of the 1994 National Institute for Farm Safety (pp. 33-41). Bloomington, Illinois.

Gabbard, C. (1992). Lifelong motor development. Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown Publishers.

Government Cracks Down on Farms that Hire Children." The Ledger: n/a. ProQuest Newsstand. Jun 23 2010. Web. 19 June 2012 .http://search.proquest.com. byui.idm .oclc. org/docview/507820847/1376CFD4F4D174F46E1/58?accountid=9817

Grossman, Andrew. "Rule on Child Workers Pulled." WSJ.com. Wall Street Journal, 26 Apr. 2012. Web. 19 June 2012.http://online.wsj.com/article/ SB100014240527023039906045773685 93915594400.html

Hembree, Brandon. Make Farms Safe for Kids.29 June 2006. Web. June 26, 2012. http://beefmagazine.com/americancowman/youth-spotlight/farm_safety_tips_kids

International Labour Organization (ILO). (1996-2012). “Child Labour in Agriculture.” Web. 18 June 2012. http://www.ilo.org/ipec/areas/Agriculture/lang--en/index.htm

Jepsen, Dee. What Tasks are Appropriate for Farm Kids? Ohio State University. Web. June 26, 2012. http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/nsfc/319.htm

Keogh, Jr., and Sugden, D. (1985). Movement skill development. New York: Macmillan.

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Kent, Rachael. “Labor Department looks to ban kids from working on farms.” News Channel 7 25 April 2012. Web. 16 June 1012http://www2.wspa.com/news/ 2012/apr/25/labor-department-looks-ban-kids-working-farms-ar-3675217/

Local Harvest. Family Farms. Web. June 26, 2012. http://www.localharvest.org/organic-farms/

Lloyd, M. (1985). Adolescence. New York: Harper and Row.

Mataconis, Doug. “Is the Labor Department Barring Kids from Working on Family Farms? No, It’s Not.” Outside the Beltway, 25 April 2012. Web. 16 June 2012http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/is-the-labor-department-barring-kids-from-working-on-family-farms-no-its-not/

Mizvaldes. “Should Rural Kids be Allowed to Work on Farms and Ranches?” Learning to Submit 25 April 2012. Web. 18 June 2012 http://learningtosubmit.com/2012/04/25/should-rural-kids-be-allowed-to-work-on -farms-ranches/

Models, Firm Against Riding Along on Tractors." Morning Call: B.08. ProQuest Newsstand. Sep 09 1996. Web. 19 June 2012 .http://search.proquest.com. byui.idm.oclc.org /docview/392729989/ abstract/1376CFD4F4D1 74F46E1/28?accountid=9817

Piaget, J. (1971). The construction of reality by the child. New York: Ballentine.

Planting Right Messages May Make Farms Safer. 16 June 2012. Web. June 26, 2012. http://www.lancasterfarming.com/agriculturalinformation/-Planting-Right-Messages-May-Make-Farms-Safer-

Safe Farm. Use tractors with ROPS to save lives. Web. June 26, 2012. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/PM1265D.pdf

"The Role of Children on the Farm." The Role of Children on the Farm. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 June 2012.http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/livestocksystems/ components/6658-08.html

United States Department of Labor. News Release. August 31, 2011. Web. June 26, 2012. http://www.dol.gov/opa/media/press/whd/WHD20111250.htm

U.S. Department of Labor. “Farm Safety.” Fact Sheet No. OSHA 91-39. Web. 18 June 2012 http://ehs.okstate.edu/training/oshafarm.htm

Williams, H. (1983). Perceptual and motor development. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.

appendix

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Cammie SauerCammie Sauer was raised on a farm that was owned and operated by her dad and uncle. At a very young age she was given responsibilities to fulfill and these responsibilities grew as she did. It was on the farm that she learned how to work hard and to have fun too. She was able to work alongside her family and learn very many valuable life lessons and develop strong relationships. She is married now with three young children of her own. As fate would have it she lives on a small farm and is excited to be able to allow her children the same experiences she had growing up. Currently she is studying Communication at BYU-Idaho and is

eager to be a part of children’s safety education for those involved in agriculture.

Selection of Issue: Within the last year there was some news coverage of a proposal made that would ban children from working in an agriculture setting. This caught my attention because of my background and because I live in a farming community/state. When asked to pick a topic for our assignment this topic was something that I had a passion for and one that was unique.

Team member tasks: I have been a part of developing the three main issues and solutions for our topic.

Strategic Research:Safe Farm. Use tractors with ROPS to save lives. Web. June 26, 2012. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/PM1265D.pdfPlanting Right Messages May Make Farms Safer. 16 June 2012. Web. June 26, 2012. http://www.lancasterfarming.com/agriculturalinformation/-Planting-Right-Messages- May-Make-Farms-Safer-

Hembree, Brandon. Make Farms Safe for Kids.29 June 2006. Web. June 26, 2012. http://beefmagazine.com/americancowman/youth-spotlight/farm_safety_tips_kidsUnited States Department of Labor. News Release. August 31, 2011. Web. June 26, 2012. http://www.dol.gov/opa/media/press/whd/WHD20111250.htmLocal Harvest. Family Farms. Web. June 26, 2012. http://www.localharvest.org/organic-farms/Jepsen, Dee. What Tasks are Appropriate for Farm Kids? Ohio State University. Web. June 26, 2012. http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/nsfc/319.htmAge-Appropriate Tasks for Children on Farms and Ranches. University of Idaho Extension. 20 April 2012. Web. June 26, 2012. http://www.extension.org/pages/63149/age-appropriate-tasks-for-children-on-farms-and-ranches

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Cammie Sauer- Reflection When we were given the assignment to choose our topic I wanted to something on child labor in agriculture settings because I thought the new policy proposals were ridiculous. I felt like the government was taking on way too much jurisdiction and taking away the rights of families. It seemed unfair that families and friends would no longer be allowed to work together on farms. I was not alone on this feeling because the proposals never passed but as I have done research for this assignment I have learned that the proposals were made for a reason. There are many children and adults hurt and even killed while working on farms. I had overlooked the fact that my brother was in a farming accident at five years old. His slipped off the edge and his foot got caught in a grain auger. My dad was right there and was able to grab him out but not before the auger got to his heel. The accident resulted in a broken leg that needed to be reset in surgery, part of my brothers heel is missing, and many skin grafts. As stated before, my Dad was near my brother at the time of the accident and I would never consider my dad irresponsible but accidents happen and that is why they government made their proposals to try to avoid these situations. Even with this personal experience I still didn’t feel like it was right for children to be banned from working on farms. I loved being outside working with my Dad and having a feeling of accomplishment. My dad and uncle did hire employees but as my siblings and cousins got old enough to do the work the assignments were given to us. I felt lucky to have a summer job each summer and know that I would be able to earn money for the following school year. It was a blessing for both the owners of the farm (my dad and uncle) to have reliable employees and for the employees (myself, siblings, and cousins) to have a reliable employers. I interviewed a Safety Officer and he again reminded me of the dangers of farm work. He however didn’t feel like regulation was the answer but education is. I loved this statement. We can all agree that farm work can be dangerous but instead of banning the children from the work we should educate the families on how to make it a safe environment. I think that this is a great solution to the problem. Educate don’t regulate.

Educate, don’t regulate

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Cami Hammond My name is Cami Hammond. I was born in Cody Wyoming and learned from a very young age how to work hard. I completed high school with many honors in gymnastics and soccer, including 3-time state champion gymnast, and all state soccer for 4 years. I went to college at Brigham Young University Idaho and when I got married moved away. I am finishing my degree with 4-credits left in the online program through Brigham Young University Idaho. I am a wife and mother of three beautiful children, Jace 4, Brinlee 2 and

Aleigha 1. I love being out doors, hiking, fishing, and camping as well as playing sports. I love to be active and one of my hobbies is nutrition. I also love to cook and do any craft especially ones I can do with my husband and children.

Selection of Issue: Our group chose to do this issue because there have been recent proposals from the Obama administration and we felt like we all wanted to learn more about it. I felt very excited about the topic because I grew up in a small town with a lot of farms and friends that worked on farms and I felt like it was something that I felt strongly about.

Team Member Tasks: I was able to argue the affirmative side of the issue. I felt like it was very important for children to work on farms because it taught them hard work and responsibility. I also had the chance to write and research the background of the topic and help come up with a solution to the problem.

Strategic Research: Barbella, Lisa. “Farm Safety Center steps up to protect rural children.” Medill Reports Chicago. 14 February 2012. Northwestern University. Web. 16 June 2012. http://news.medill.northwestern.edu/chicago/news.aspx?id=200339Kent, Rachael. “Labor Department looks to ban kids from working on farms.” News Channel 7 25 April 2012. Web. 16 June 1012http://www2.wspa.com/news/2012/apr/25/labor-department-looks-ban-kids-working-farms-ar-3675217/Mataconis, Doug. “Is the Labor Department Barring Kids from Working on Family Farms? No, It’s Not.” Outside the Beltway, 25 April 2012. Web. 16 June 2012http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/is-the-labor-department-barring-kids-from-working-on-family-farms-no-its-not/Mizvaldes. “Should Rural Kids be Allowed to Work on Farms and Ranches?” Learning to Submit 25 April 2012. Web. 18 June 2012 http://learningtosubmit.com/2012/04/25/should-rural-kids-be-allowed-to-work-on -farms-ranches/U.S. Department of Labor. “Farm Safety.” Fact Sheet No. OSHA 91-39. Web. 18 June 2012 http://ehs.okstate.edu/training/oshafarm.htmJepsen, Dee. “What Tasks are Appropriate for Farm Kids?” Ohio State University. Web. 19 June 2012. http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/nsfc/319.htmInternational Labour Organization (ILO). (1996-2012). “Child Labour in Agriculture.” Web. 18 June 2012. http://www.ilo.org/ipec/areas/Agriculture/lang--en/index.htm

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Cami Hammond- Reflection I have really enjoyed researching the topic of child labor specifically children working on farms. I have learned so much and in fact have changed my opinion to a point. I have been able to learn the importance of child labor laws and the safety of children as their number one priority. I have learned that children do need responsibilities and farm owners need that help. I understand the negative reflections that statistics have but you also have to look at the statistics of those that have not been harmed and what children actually were able to accomplish and the responsibilities that were gained. As I was researching the background of child labor laws I definitely think they need to be updated. I think and feel like some of the incidents that are caused on farms can be reduced and I feel like there can be a lot of training that farm owners should go through. I understand that it is their own personal business but it is so easy to get relaxed about any situation and little accidents happen that become negative statistics causing more laws to be made. If farm owners were more aware of the accidents that are caused to children I think that farmers would be more careful. I do not think that the government should ever take away the responsibilities that young children can learn on farms because children need to learn hard work and dedication to something that is hard. They need to understand that there are people who are dependent on them and they learn that at a young age. I really thought it was very interesting that some of the concerns with children working on farms were dropping out of school. Children learn the value of the dollar and feel like it is much more important for them to make money rather than go to school. Children learn that they need money to do almost anything making it that much easier to just work instead of getting and education but in fact the opposite is much more important. I really hope that farmers do recognize what the Department of Labor is trying to say when they encourage the safety and wellbeing of children.

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Encourage the saftey and well

being of children.

Chris Monahan Hello my name is Chris Monahan and I am in my 5th semester at BYUI. Currently I live in Pennsylvania but I am in school in ID obviously 7 months out of the year. I am a trained professional storm chaser and have been for many years. I am the oldest of 3 other siblings. My favorite hobbies include reading, sports, and travel. Many times you will find me out traveling because frankly that’s what I do for the most part.

Selection of Issue: Our team chose farm labor issues to talk about because we are concerned about the issues that young people face on our farms on an everyday basis. We are drawn to this subject because every day millions of young people face possible crazy and unwelcome conditions in the world of farming thus the fact that we are working on this. I was not originally in on selecting this topic because I was working with another group but now after having researched it I agreed with my other class members that focusing on this subject would be quite welcome, now we are trying to get the word out for an issue like this.

Team Member Tasks: My main task was to focus on helping with the writing of the issue book. Specifically I was to work on how injuries can be caused in farm work and as most people know injuries are prevalent in a wide area of the farming industry. I am focusing on making sure that I get the story out about what really happens on farms with injury issues, to this end I have chosen some valid sources that tell stories and scenarios about this very subject.

Strategic Research: Grossman, Andrew. "Rule on Child Workers Pulled." WSJ.com. Wall Street Journal, 26 Apr. 2012. Web. 19 June 2012.http://online.wsj.com/article/ SB100014240527023039906045773685 93915594400.html

Barrett, Julia R. "Farm Chore Checkup." Environmental Health Perspectives 112.14 (2004): A 804. Academic Search Premier. Web. 19 June 2012.http://web.ebscohost.com. byui.idm.oclc.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=44072ea8-3a88-4163-ab76-e19549f9bd67%40sessionmgr12&vid=7&hid=24

LEIBY, ROBERT E. "Make Farms Safe, Watch for Children * Adults must be Good Role Models, Firm Against Riding Along on Tractors." Morning Call: B.08. ProQuest Newsstand. Sep 09 1996. Web. 19 June 2012 .http://search.proquest.com.byui.idm.oclc.org /docview/392729989/abstract/1376CFD4F4D174F46E1/28?accountid=9817

Government Cracks Down on Farms that Hire Children." The Ledger: n/a. ProQuest Newsstand. Jun 23 2010. Web. 19 June 2012 .http://search.proquest.com. byui.idm .oclc. org/docview/507820847/1376CFD4F4D174F46E1/58?accountid=9817

"The Role of Children on the Farm." The Role of Children on the Farm. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 June 2012.http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/livestocksystems/components/6658-08.html

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Chris Monahan- Reflection I am amazed everywhere I go and see how much our farms in this country are able to thrive but at the same time I worry about the people or even young people who work on these farms. Everyday young people all over the country choose to go and help these farmers to get their work done, nothing is wrong with that but the federal government has seen to make it a regulation issue and tightening up rule on how much children can work, this did however spark outcry and at the moment rules have been relaxed. I am amazed at the resolve that these young people have to help our country, having them available is a good thing but I still worry about their health and their well-being, they need all the help they can get to do a successful job. We must work together to make things right. This issue book is great because I can express my views on the issues that concern our day. Each issue is different but when it comes to things related to work conditions it has to be said with great emphasis. I strongly believe that things must be done for safer working conditions. We must make this happen.

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we need changes for safer working

conditions

KC BarnwellKC Barnwell is a senior at Brigham Young University- Idaho. She is eagerly anticipating her graduation from the University in a few short weeks. KC is a communication major and will be doing marketing and public relations for a fitness studio upon graduation. She has been married to her best friend, Shane for about two years. Together they enjoy cooking, riding their mopeds and eating sushi.

Selection of Issue:Every since Obama and his team have beeen contemplating child labor on farms KC has been very involved with the process. She believes that our country has the right to restrict employment that is harmful to children. I know that farms are a huge part of our nations well being, but it doesn’t mean that we can just turn our heads each time a 12-year-old gets hurt. America has become too fixated on monetary wealth rather then wellbeing. This issue was chosen because she firmly believes that if more citizens were educated about this topic we can make a change and difference.

Team Member Tasks:KC was soley responsible for the design and layout of this book.

Reflection:This issue book is meant to promote change. The more I’ve researched and read about injury on fams the more passionate I get about educating. We are doing our selves a dis-service if we just turn our heads everythime someone gets hurt. Farmers need to take more responsibilty for their actions. They need to be trained and taught how to educate the children that are working on their farms. Children need to be aware of the risks that are involved with working on a farm. The govenment doesn’t have any intentions of regulating farm work, so we need to. If childrenare going to work on farms then they need proper education and training; it could save their life.

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Children need to be aware of the risks

involved with farm work.

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Kent, Rachael. “Labor Department looks to ban kids from working on farms.” News Channel 7 25 April 2012. Web. 16 June 1012http://www2.wspa.com/news/ 2012/apr/25/labor-department-looks-ban-kids-working-farms-ar-3675217/

Local Harvest. Family Farms. Web. June 26, 2012. http://www.localharvest.org/organic-farms/

Lloyd, M. (1985). Adolescence. New York: Harper and Row.

Mataconis, Doug. “Is the Labor Department Barring Kids from Working on Family Farms? No, It’s Not.” Outside the Beltway, 25 April 2012. Web. 16 June 2012http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/is-the-labor-department-barring-kids-from-working-on-family-farms-no-its-not/

Mizvaldes. “Should Rural Kids be Allowed to Work on Farms and Ranches?” Learning to Submit 25 April 2012. Web. 18 June 2012 http://learningtosubmit.com/2012/04/25/should-rural-kids-be-allowed-to-work-on -farms-ranches/

Models, Firm Against Riding Along on Tractors." Morning Call: B.08. ProQuest Newsstand. Sep 09 1996. Web. 19 June 2012 .http://search.proquest.com. byui.idm.oclc.org /docview/392729989/ abstract/1376CFD4F4D1 74F46E1/28?accountid=9817

Piaget, J. (1971). The construction of reality by the child. New York: Ballentine.

Planting Right Messages May Make Farms Safer. 16 June 2012. Web. June 26, 2012. http://www.lancasterfarming.com/agriculturalinformation/-Planting-Right-Messages-May-Make-Farms-Safer-

Safe Farm. Use tractors with ROPS to save lives. Web. June 26, 2012. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/PM1265D.pdf

"The Role of Children on the Farm." The Role of Children on the Farm. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 June 2012.http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/livestocksystems/ components/6658-08.html

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