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Preventative Health Program for Horses
VaccinationsCTVT pages 228-236
LACP 314-316
Overview
General overviewbull Historybull Physical examinationbull Why vaccinatebull How do I vaccinatebull What diseases
should I vaccinate for
bull When should I vaccinate
Physical Examination
bull New additions to a stable or established herd should be Cogginsrsquo test-negative for EIA and quarantined for 1 month before introducing them into general population
bull Physical Examination TPR weight eyes dental musculoskeletal system and skin should be examined
bull You must always obtain a history in conjunction with your exam on the horse
Why Vaccinate
bull Critical component of a horse health maintenance program
bull Primes the immune system for a quick response when exposed to infection
bull Prevent life-threatening diseasesbull Minimize or eliminate contagious
diseases that affect performance or herd health
Why Vaccinate
Prevent some FATAL diseasesbull Rabiesbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitis (EEEWEEVEE)bull WNV
How vaccines work
bull Passive Immunization
How vaccines work
bull Active Immunization
How vaccines work
bull Passive Immunizationndash Brief period of
protectionndash Antibody absorption
one time only
bull Active Immunizationndash Prolonged period of
protectionndash Boosting of protective
response by additional exposure
Vaccination can NOT guarantee disease prevention in all cases
bull Vaccination should be used in conjunction with good nutrition deworming pasture management and minimizing stress in your herd
How
bull Most vaccines are given IM (in muscle)
bull Some are available togive IN (intranasal)1048708 Influenza1048708 Strangles
Horses that are immunologically naiumlve or haveAn unknown immunization history should
Receive an initial immunizationFollowed in 4 weeks by a second
Immunization
Technician Note
Vaccine Reactions
bull Anaphylactoid reactions allergic reactions
bull Feverbull Lamenessbull Swelling or
abscess formation at the injection site
What should I vaccinate for
ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies
MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus
SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus
Tetanus Vaccines
bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is
given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions
bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks
Tetanus
bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound
bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw
bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds
lacerations umbilicus
Clinical Signs of Tetanus
bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch
Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis
The breathing muscles
Tetanus
bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be
vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is
safe and provides good protection
bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses
When to vaccinate - Tetanus
bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year
bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE
bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose
Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral
neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects
bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable
EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite
To horses and people
Encephalomyelitis
bull WEE seen throughout North America
bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas
bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease
Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis
bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord
bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures
Abnormal Mentation
Abnormal Gait - Ataxia
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Overview
General overviewbull Historybull Physical examinationbull Why vaccinatebull How do I vaccinatebull What diseases
should I vaccinate for
bull When should I vaccinate
Physical Examination
bull New additions to a stable or established herd should be Cogginsrsquo test-negative for EIA and quarantined for 1 month before introducing them into general population
bull Physical Examination TPR weight eyes dental musculoskeletal system and skin should be examined
bull You must always obtain a history in conjunction with your exam on the horse
Why Vaccinate
bull Critical component of a horse health maintenance program
bull Primes the immune system for a quick response when exposed to infection
bull Prevent life-threatening diseasesbull Minimize or eliminate contagious
diseases that affect performance or herd health
Why Vaccinate
Prevent some FATAL diseasesbull Rabiesbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitis (EEEWEEVEE)bull WNV
How vaccines work
bull Passive Immunization
How vaccines work
bull Active Immunization
How vaccines work
bull Passive Immunizationndash Brief period of
protectionndash Antibody absorption
one time only
bull Active Immunizationndash Prolonged period of
protectionndash Boosting of protective
response by additional exposure
Vaccination can NOT guarantee disease prevention in all cases
bull Vaccination should be used in conjunction with good nutrition deworming pasture management and minimizing stress in your herd
How
bull Most vaccines are given IM (in muscle)
bull Some are available togive IN (intranasal)1048708 Influenza1048708 Strangles
Horses that are immunologically naiumlve or haveAn unknown immunization history should
Receive an initial immunizationFollowed in 4 weeks by a second
Immunization
Technician Note
Vaccine Reactions
bull Anaphylactoid reactions allergic reactions
bull Feverbull Lamenessbull Swelling or
abscess formation at the injection site
What should I vaccinate for
ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies
MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus
SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus
Tetanus Vaccines
bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is
given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions
bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks
Tetanus
bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound
bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw
bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds
lacerations umbilicus
Clinical Signs of Tetanus
bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch
Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis
The breathing muscles
Tetanus
bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be
vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is
safe and provides good protection
bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses
When to vaccinate - Tetanus
bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year
bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE
bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose
Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral
neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects
bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable
EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite
To horses and people
Encephalomyelitis
bull WEE seen throughout North America
bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas
bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease
Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis
bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord
bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures
Abnormal Mentation
Abnormal Gait - Ataxia
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Physical Examination
bull New additions to a stable or established herd should be Cogginsrsquo test-negative for EIA and quarantined for 1 month before introducing them into general population
bull Physical Examination TPR weight eyes dental musculoskeletal system and skin should be examined
bull You must always obtain a history in conjunction with your exam on the horse
Why Vaccinate
bull Critical component of a horse health maintenance program
bull Primes the immune system for a quick response when exposed to infection
bull Prevent life-threatening diseasesbull Minimize or eliminate contagious
diseases that affect performance or herd health
Why Vaccinate
Prevent some FATAL diseasesbull Rabiesbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitis (EEEWEEVEE)bull WNV
How vaccines work
bull Passive Immunization
How vaccines work
bull Active Immunization
How vaccines work
bull Passive Immunizationndash Brief period of
protectionndash Antibody absorption
one time only
bull Active Immunizationndash Prolonged period of
protectionndash Boosting of protective
response by additional exposure
Vaccination can NOT guarantee disease prevention in all cases
bull Vaccination should be used in conjunction with good nutrition deworming pasture management and minimizing stress in your herd
How
bull Most vaccines are given IM (in muscle)
bull Some are available togive IN (intranasal)1048708 Influenza1048708 Strangles
Horses that are immunologically naiumlve or haveAn unknown immunization history should
Receive an initial immunizationFollowed in 4 weeks by a second
Immunization
Technician Note
Vaccine Reactions
bull Anaphylactoid reactions allergic reactions
bull Feverbull Lamenessbull Swelling or
abscess formation at the injection site
What should I vaccinate for
ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies
MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus
SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus
Tetanus Vaccines
bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is
given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions
bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks
Tetanus
bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound
bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw
bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds
lacerations umbilicus
Clinical Signs of Tetanus
bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch
Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis
The breathing muscles
Tetanus
bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be
vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is
safe and provides good protection
bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses
When to vaccinate - Tetanus
bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year
bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE
bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose
Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral
neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects
bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable
EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite
To horses and people
Encephalomyelitis
bull WEE seen throughout North America
bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas
bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease
Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis
bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord
bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures
Abnormal Mentation
Abnormal Gait - Ataxia
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Why Vaccinate
bull Critical component of a horse health maintenance program
bull Primes the immune system for a quick response when exposed to infection
bull Prevent life-threatening diseasesbull Minimize or eliminate contagious
diseases that affect performance or herd health
Why Vaccinate
Prevent some FATAL diseasesbull Rabiesbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitis (EEEWEEVEE)bull WNV
How vaccines work
bull Passive Immunization
How vaccines work
bull Active Immunization
How vaccines work
bull Passive Immunizationndash Brief period of
protectionndash Antibody absorption
one time only
bull Active Immunizationndash Prolonged period of
protectionndash Boosting of protective
response by additional exposure
Vaccination can NOT guarantee disease prevention in all cases
bull Vaccination should be used in conjunction with good nutrition deworming pasture management and minimizing stress in your herd
How
bull Most vaccines are given IM (in muscle)
bull Some are available togive IN (intranasal)1048708 Influenza1048708 Strangles
Horses that are immunologically naiumlve or haveAn unknown immunization history should
Receive an initial immunizationFollowed in 4 weeks by a second
Immunization
Technician Note
Vaccine Reactions
bull Anaphylactoid reactions allergic reactions
bull Feverbull Lamenessbull Swelling or
abscess formation at the injection site
What should I vaccinate for
ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies
MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus
SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus
Tetanus Vaccines
bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is
given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions
bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks
Tetanus
bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound
bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw
bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds
lacerations umbilicus
Clinical Signs of Tetanus
bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch
Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis
The breathing muscles
Tetanus
bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be
vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is
safe and provides good protection
bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses
When to vaccinate - Tetanus
bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year
bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE
bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose
Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral
neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects
bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable
EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite
To horses and people
Encephalomyelitis
bull WEE seen throughout North America
bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas
bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease
Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis
bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord
bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures
Abnormal Mentation
Abnormal Gait - Ataxia
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Why Vaccinate
Prevent some FATAL diseasesbull Rabiesbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitis (EEEWEEVEE)bull WNV
How vaccines work
bull Passive Immunization
How vaccines work
bull Active Immunization
How vaccines work
bull Passive Immunizationndash Brief period of
protectionndash Antibody absorption
one time only
bull Active Immunizationndash Prolonged period of
protectionndash Boosting of protective
response by additional exposure
Vaccination can NOT guarantee disease prevention in all cases
bull Vaccination should be used in conjunction with good nutrition deworming pasture management and minimizing stress in your herd
How
bull Most vaccines are given IM (in muscle)
bull Some are available togive IN (intranasal)1048708 Influenza1048708 Strangles
Horses that are immunologically naiumlve or haveAn unknown immunization history should
Receive an initial immunizationFollowed in 4 weeks by a second
Immunization
Technician Note
Vaccine Reactions
bull Anaphylactoid reactions allergic reactions
bull Feverbull Lamenessbull Swelling or
abscess formation at the injection site
What should I vaccinate for
ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies
MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus
SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus
Tetanus Vaccines
bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is
given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions
bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks
Tetanus
bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound
bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw
bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds
lacerations umbilicus
Clinical Signs of Tetanus
bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch
Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis
The breathing muscles
Tetanus
bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be
vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is
safe and provides good protection
bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses
When to vaccinate - Tetanus
bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year
bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE
bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose
Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral
neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects
bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable
EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite
To horses and people
Encephalomyelitis
bull WEE seen throughout North America
bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas
bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease
Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis
bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord
bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures
Abnormal Mentation
Abnormal Gait - Ataxia
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
How vaccines work
bull Passive Immunization
How vaccines work
bull Active Immunization
How vaccines work
bull Passive Immunizationndash Brief period of
protectionndash Antibody absorption
one time only
bull Active Immunizationndash Prolonged period of
protectionndash Boosting of protective
response by additional exposure
Vaccination can NOT guarantee disease prevention in all cases
bull Vaccination should be used in conjunction with good nutrition deworming pasture management and minimizing stress in your herd
How
bull Most vaccines are given IM (in muscle)
bull Some are available togive IN (intranasal)1048708 Influenza1048708 Strangles
Horses that are immunologically naiumlve or haveAn unknown immunization history should
Receive an initial immunizationFollowed in 4 weeks by a second
Immunization
Technician Note
Vaccine Reactions
bull Anaphylactoid reactions allergic reactions
bull Feverbull Lamenessbull Swelling or
abscess formation at the injection site
What should I vaccinate for
ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies
MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus
SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus
Tetanus Vaccines
bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is
given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions
bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks
Tetanus
bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound
bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw
bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds
lacerations umbilicus
Clinical Signs of Tetanus
bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch
Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis
The breathing muscles
Tetanus
bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be
vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is
safe and provides good protection
bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses
When to vaccinate - Tetanus
bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year
bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE
bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose
Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral
neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects
bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable
EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite
To horses and people
Encephalomyelitis
bull WEE seen throughout North America
bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas
bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease
Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis
bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord
bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures
Abnormal Mentation
Abnormal Gait - Ataxia
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
How vaccines work
bull Active Immunization
How vaccines work
bull Passive Immunizationndash Brief period of
protectionndash Antibody absorption
one time only
bull Active Immunizationndash Prolonged period of
protectionndash Boosting of protective
response by additional exposure
Vaccination can NOT guarantee disease prevention in all cases
bull Vaccination should be used in conjunction with good nutrition deworming pasture management and minimizing stress in your herd
How
bull Most vaccines are given IM (in muscle)
bull Some are available togive IN (intranasal)1048708 Influenza1048708 Strangles
Horses that are immunologically naiumlve or haveAn unknown immunization history should
Receive an initial immunizationFollowed in 4 weeks by a second
Immunization
Technician Note
Vaccine Reactions
bull Anaphylactoid reactions allergic reactions
bull Feverbull Lamenessbull Swelling or
abscess formation at the injection site
What should I vaccinate for
ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies
MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus
SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus
Tetanus Vaccines
bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is
given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions
bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks
Tetanus
bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound
bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw
bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds
lacerations umbilicus
Clinical Signs of Tetanus
bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch
Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis
The breathing muscles
Tetanus
bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be
vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is
safe and provides good protection
bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses
When to vaccinate - Tetanus
bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year
bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE
bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose
Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral
neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects
bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable
EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite
To horses and people
Encephalomyelitis
bull WEE seen throughout North America
bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas
bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease
Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis
bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord
bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures
Abnormal Mentation
Abnormal Gait - Ataxia
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
How vaccines work
bull Passive Immunizationndash Brief period of
protectionndash Antibody absorption
one time only
bull Active Immunizationndash Prolonged period of
protectionndash Boosting of protective
response by additional exposure
Vaccination can NOT guarantee disease prevention in all cases
bull Vaccination should be used in conjunction with good nutrition deworming pasture management and minimizing stress in your herd
How
bull Most vaccines are given IM (in muscle)
bull Some are available togive IN (intranasal)1048708 Influenza1048708 Strangles
Horses that are immunologically naiumlve or haveAn unknown immunization history should
Receive an initial immunizationFollowed in 4 weeks by a second
Immunization
Technician Note
Vaccine Reactions
bull Anaphylactoid reactions allergic reactions
bull Feverbull Lamenessbull Swelling or
abscess formation at the injection site
What should I vaccinate for
ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies
MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus
SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus
Tetanus Vaccines
bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is
given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions
bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks
Tetanus
bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound
bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw
bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds
lacerations umbilicus
Clinical Signs of Tetanus
bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch
Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis
The breathing muscles
Tetanus
bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be
vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is
safe and provides good protection
bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses
When to vaccinate - Tetanus
bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year
bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE
bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose
Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral
neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects
bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable
EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite
To horses and people
Encephalomyelitis
bull WEE seen throughout North America
bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas
bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease
Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis
bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord
bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures
Abnormal Mentation
Abnormal Gait - Ataxia
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Vaccination can NOT guarantee disease prevention in all cases
bull Vaccination should be used in conjunction with good nutrition deworming pasture management and minimizing stress in your herd
How
bull Most vaccines are given IM (in muscle)
bull Some are available togive IN (intranasal)1048708 Influenza1048708 Strangles
Horses that are immunologically naiumlve or haveAn unknown immunization history should
Receive an initial immunizationFollowed in 4 weeks by a second
Immunization
Technician Note
Vaccine Reactions
bull Anaphylactoid reactions allergic reactions
bull Feverbull Lamenessbull Swelling or
abscess formation at the injection site
What should I vaccinate for
ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies
MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus
SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus
Tetanus Vaccines
bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is
given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions
bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks
Tetanus
bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound
bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw
bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds
lacerations umbilicus
Clinical Signs of Tetanus
bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch
Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis
The breathing muscles
Tetanus
bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be
vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is
safe and provides good protection
bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses
When to vaccinate - Tetanus
bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year
bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE
bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose
Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral
neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects
bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable
EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite
To horses and people
Encephalomyelitis
bull WEE seen throughout North America
bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas
bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease
Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis
bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord
bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures
Abnormal Mentation
Abnormal Gait - Ataxia
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
How
bull Most vaccines are given IM (in muscle)
bull Some are available togive IN (intranasal)1048708 Influenza1048708 Strangles
Horses that are immunologically naiumlve or haveAn unknown immunization history should
Receive an initial immunizationFollowed in 4 weeks by a second
Immunization
Technician Note
Vaccine Reactions
bull Anaphylactoid reactions allergic reactions
bull Feverbull Lamenessbull Swelling or
abscess formation at the injection site
What should I vaccinate for
ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies
MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus
SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus
Tetanus Vaccines
bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is
given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions
bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks
Tetanus
bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound
bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw
bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds
lacerations umbilicus
Clinical Signs of Tetanus
bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch
Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis
The breathing muscles
Tetanus
bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be
vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is
safe and provides good protection
bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses
When to vaccinate - Tetanus
bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year
bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE
bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose
Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral
neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects
bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable
EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite
To horses and people
Encephalomyelitis
bull WEE seen throughout North America
bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas
bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease
Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis
bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord
bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures
Abnormal Mentation
Abnormal Gait - Ataxia
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Horses that are immunologically naiumlve or haveAn unknown immunization history should
Receive an initial immunizationFollowed in 4 weeks by a second
Immunization
Technician Note
Vaccine Reactions
bull Anaphylactoid reactions allergic reactions
bull Feverbull Lamenessbull Swelling or
abscess formation at the injection site
What should I vaccinate for
ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies
MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus
SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus
Tetanus Vaccines
bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is
given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions
bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks
Tetanus
bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound
bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw
bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds
lacerations umbilicus
Clinical Signs of Tetanus
bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch
Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis
The breathing muscles
Tetanus
bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be
vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is
safe and provides good protection
bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses
When to vaccinate - Tetanus
bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year
bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE
bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose
Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral
neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects
bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable
EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite
To horses and people
Encephalomyelitis
bull WEE seen throughout North America
bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas
bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease
Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis
bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord
bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures
Abnormal Mentation
Abnormal Gait - Ataxia
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Vaccine Reactions
bull Anaphylactoid reactions allergic reactions
bull Feverbull Lamenessbull Swelling or
abscess formation at the injection site
What should I vaccinate for
ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies
MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus
SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus
Tetanus Vaccines
bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is
given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions
bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks
Tetanus
bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound
bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw
bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds
lacerations umbilicus
Clinical Signs of Tetanus
bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch
Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis
The breathing muscles
Tetanus
bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be
vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is
safe and provides good protection
bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses
When to vaccinate - Tetanus
bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year
bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE
bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose
Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral
neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects
bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable
EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite
To horses and people
Encephalomyelitis
bull WEE seen throughout North America
bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas
bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease
Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis
bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord
bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures
Abnormal Mentation
Abnormal Gait - Ataxia
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
What should I vaccinate for
ALL HORSESbull Tetanusbull Encephalomyelitisbull West Nile Virusbull Rabies
MOSTPERFORMANCEbull Influenzabull Equine Herpesvirus
SOMEbull Stranglesbull Potomac Horse Feverbull Botulismbull Rotavirus
Tetanus Vaccines
bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is
given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions
bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks
Tetanus
bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound
bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw
bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds
lacerations umbilicus
Clinical Signs of Tetanus
bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch
Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis
The breathing muscles
Tetanus
bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be
vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is
safe and provides good protection
bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses
When to vaccinate - Tetanus
bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year
bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE
bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose
Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral
neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects
bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable
EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite
To horses and people
Encephalomyelitis
bull WEE seen throughout North America
bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas
bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease
Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis
bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord
bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures
Abnormal Mentation
Abnormal Gait - Ataxia
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Tetanus Vaccines
bull Caused by Clostridium tetanibull The toxoid version of this vaccine is
given to immunize horses against a disease characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms that may result in respiratory arrest and convulsions
bull Administration of antitoxin to unvaccinated horses induces immediate protection that lasts approximately 2 weeks
Tetanus
bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound
bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw
bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds
lacerations umbilicus
Clinical Signs of Tetanus
bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch
Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis
The breathing muscles
Tetanus
bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be
vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is
safe and provides good protection
bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses
When to vaccinate - Tetanus
bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year
bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE
bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose
Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral
neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects
bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable
EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite
To horses and people
Encephalomyelitis
bull WEE seen throughout North America
bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas
bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease
Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis
bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord
bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures
Abnormal Mentation
Abnormal Gait - Ataxia
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Tetanus
bull Caused by bacteria found in soil and ingested by horses or enters a wound
bull Called ldquolockjawrdquo because it especially effects the muscles of the neck and jaw
bull Present in intestine manure and soilbull Spores can exist for years in soilbull Spores enter through wounds
lacerations umbilicus
Clinical Signs of Tetanus
bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch
Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis
The breathing muscles
Tetanus
bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be
vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is
safe and provides good protection
bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses
When to vaccinate - Tetanus
bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year
bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE
bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose
Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral
neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects
bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable
EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite
To horses and people
Encephalomyelitis
bull WEE seen throughout North America
bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas
bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease
Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis
bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord
bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures
Abnormal Mentation
Abnormal Gait - Ataxia
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Clinical Signs of Tetanus
bull Muscle stiffnessbull Sawhorse stancebull Third eyelid prolapsebull Lockjawbull Flaring nostrilsbull Hypersensitive to touch
Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis
The breathing muscles
Tetanus
bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be
vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is
safe and provides good protection
bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses
When to vaccinate - Tetanus
bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year
bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE
bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose
Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral
neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects
bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable
EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite
To horses and people
Encephalomyelitis
bull WEE seen throughout North America
bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas
bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease
Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis
bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord
bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures
Abnormal Mentation
Abnormal Gait - Ataxia
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Stiff legged gait The muscle of the legs become Rigid and stiff that the horse may fall and notBe able to get up again Convulsions may Occur and death is caused by paralysis
The breathing muscles
Tetanus
bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be
vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is
safe and provides good protection
bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses
When to vaccinate - Tetanus
bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year
bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE
bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose
Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral
neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects
bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable
EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite
To horses and people
Encephalomyelitis
bull WEE seen throughout North America
bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas
bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease
Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis
bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord
bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures
Abnormal Mentation
Abnormal Gait - Ataxia
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Tetanus
bull Not contagiousbull Mortality rate is highbull All horses should be
vaccinated annuallybull Tetanus toxoid vaccine is
safe and provides good protection
bull Tetanus antitoxin is for previously unvaccinated horses
When to vaccinate - Tetanus
bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year
bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE
bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose
Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral
neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects
bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable
EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite
To horses and people
Encephalomyelitis
bull WEE seen throughout North America
bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas
bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease
Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis
bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord
bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures
Abnormal Mentation
Abnormal Gait - Ataxia
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
When to vaccinate - Tetanus
bull Not typically seasonal vaccinate any time of year
bull Most horses in spring in combination with EEEWEE
bull Boost if wound or surgery gt6 months from last dose
Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral
neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects
bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable
EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite
To horses and people
Encephalomyelitis
bull WEE seen throughout North America
bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas
bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease
Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis
bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord
bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures
Abnormal Mentation
Abnormal Gait - Ataxia
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccinebull EEE=Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitisbull WEE=Western Equine Encephalomyelitisbull VEE=Venezuelanbull Often referred to as ldquosleeping sicknessrdquobull This vaccine protects against a viral
neurologic disease transmitted by biting insects
bull In areas where winter freezes are uncommon semiannual vaccination may be advisable
EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite
To horses and people
Encephalomyelitis
bull WEE seen throughout North America
bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas
bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease
Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis
bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord
bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures
Abnormal Mentation
Abnormal Gait - Ataxia
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
EEE is a mosquito spread disease of birds that Sometimes is transmitted via a mosquito bite
To horses and people
Encephalomyelitis
bull WEE seen throughout North America
bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas
bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease
Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis
bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord
bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures
Abnormal Mentation
Abnormal Gait - Ataxia
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Encephalomyelitis
bull WEE seen throughout North America
bull EEE seen mostly in the East and Southeast prevalent in Texas
bull VEE not in US for many years ndash reportable foreign disease
Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis
bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord
bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures
Abnormal Mentation
Abnormal Gait - Ataxia
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Clinical Signs of Encephalomyelitis
bull Result from inflammation of the brain andor spinal cord
bull Feverbull Depressionbull Staggering gait (ataxia)bull Paralysisbull Seizures
Abnormal Mentation
Abnormal Gait - Ataxia
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Abnormal Mentation
Abnormal Gait - Ataxia
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Abnormal Gait - Ataxia
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Encephalomyelitis
bull EEEVEE ndash mortality rate 70-90 die
bull WEE ndash mortality rate about 50
bull Vaccination is safe and generally very effective against these diseases
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
When to Vaccinate ndash EEEWEE
bull ALL horses should be vaccinated annually in the spring prior to mosquito season
bull In Texas recommend boosting every 6 months for EEEWEE
bull Foals should receive first dose at 3-4 months of age and 2 additional doses one month apart
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
ENCEVACtrade Line of Equine Vaccines
bull For vaccination of healthy horses against Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) Encevactrade is a formaldehyde inactivated adjuvanted bivalent equine vaccine consisting of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis viruses
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
West Nile Vaccine
bull Another mosquito transmitted virusbull Humans and horses are dead-end
hostsbull Spread by mosquitoes-Culicoides spp
and some birdsbull Prevalent throughout the USbull Causes inflammation of the brain an
spinal cordbull Not contagious from horse to horse
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Clinical Signs of West Nile Virus
Can varybull Feverbull Muscle tremorsbull Incoordination
ataxiabull Hypersensitivebull Facial nerve or other
paralysis
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
West Nile Virus
bull Mortality rate about 33
bull Associated with inability to stand prolonged recumbency
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
When to Vaccinate - WNV
bull Several vaccines available-Fort Dodge West Nile Innovator ndash killed-Merialrsquos RecombiTek ndash recombinant vaccine-Intervetrsquos PreveNile ndash modified live chimera vaccine
bull Annual vaccination recommendedbull In Texas and states with larger
mosquito populations may boost every 4-6 months
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Vaccine (herpes 1)
bull Pregnant mares should be vaccinated with this vaccine in the 5th 7th and 9th months of gestation to prevent a viral disease whose strains can cause upper respiratory disease abortions stillbirths and weak neonatal foals that fail to survive
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Equine Influenza Vaccine
bull The duration of protective immunity from this vaccine is short-lived requiring vaccination every 2 to 3 months during periods of exposure
bull Disease outbreaks usually occur in horses 1 to 3 yrs of age after mixing with infected horses at the racetrack or showgrounds
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Equine Influenza
bull Incubation period 1-3 daysbull High fever (1-5 days)bull Young horses are at riskbull Spread by aerosolized droplets
infected fomites ndash highly contagious
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Equine Influenza ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough (several weeks) and feverbull Lethargy depression reduced
appetite muscle sorenessbull Nasal dischargebull Most horses recover in 10-14 days
with supportive care
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
bullFLU AVERTreg Intra-nasal spray vaccine for Equine Influenza
bullIntranasal vaccine every 6 monthsbullIntramuscular vaccine every 4 monthsbullStart foals at 9 months of age
When to Vaccinate - Influenza
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Strangles Vaccine
bull Respiratory disease caused by infection with Streptococcus equi
bull Spread by mucous or contaminated fomites What are fomites
bull Intranasal and IM vaccinesbull Vaccination not 100 effective but can
lessen the severity of incidencebull 2 Types Atypically (transient-cold like)
and Bastard (spread of infection to the organs)
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Strangles Streptococcus equi spp equibull Transmission Ingestion or
inhalation of infected discharge
bull Horse-horse contact or fomites
bull Highly contagiousbull High morbidity low
mortalitybull Incubation period 3-5
days
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Strangles ndash Clinical Signs
bull Cough fever lymph node enlargement
bull Respiratory distress due to retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement
bull Complications-Purpura-Metastatic (ldquoBastardrdquo) strangles
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Vaccination for Strangles
bull Previously affected farms
bull May lessen disease severity
bull Vaccine reactions-Purpura-Abscesses if IM vaccines become contaminated
bull Annual boosterbull Intranasal vaccine
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Equine Viral Arteritis
bull Vaccine induces partial to complete protection against the clinical signs of disease but if virus challenged the virus can replicate in the animals body
bull Clinical signs fever depression nasal discharge lacrimation coughing and limb swelling
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Potomac Horse Fever Vaccine
bull It is believed that aquatic insects are the vectors ticks snails
bull Efficacy of the vaccine is unknownbull Prevalent in the eastern states
near large waterwaysbull Use of this vaccine is usually in
areas where it is a problem
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Botulism Vaccine
bull Usually given to mares 30 days prior to foaling for the prevention of shaker foal syndrome
bull Given in areas of high incidence geographically
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Botulism Clostridium botulinum
bull Causes flaccid paralysisbull Endemic in KYbull 2 Forms
1048708 Shaker foal syndrome1048708 Forage poisoning
bull Vaccinate for type B usually in broodmares
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Anthrax Vaccine
bull Anthrax vaccines are available for use but are not widely used except where a genuine risk is identified
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Rabies Vaccine
bull 100 FATAL in all casesbull Virus affecting the nervous systembull Vaccinate horses where wildlife
(skunks foxes raccoons bats) rabies is endemic in the Houston area
bull Spinalcord or brainstem signsbull Very very commonly vaccinated for
here in Texas
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Clinical Signs of Rabies
bull Can look like anything
bull Behavioral changes blindness
bull Ataxia and incoordination
bull Feverbull Hypersalivationbull Paralysisbull Colic
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Rabies
bull The rabies virus is killed by most disinfectants Only lives in dried saliva or carcass for 24 hours But it can live for days in refrigerated carcasses
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
When to vaccinate - Rabies
bull Incubation period 2-9 weeksbull Death in 3-5 days once signs
developbull Vaccinate once a yearbull Vaccine is safe and effective
EquiRab a rabies vaccine designed specifically for horses
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Rotavirus
bull Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals
bull Clinical Signs- profuse watery diarrhea fever lethargy
bull Highly contagious
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Rotavirus Vaccination
bull Prevention- vaccination of pregnant mares 30 days before foaling in endemic herds may confer modest protection
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Vaccine Pleasure
orShow
Pregnant Mare
Pasture Horse
Boarding Facility
Weanling (gt 6 mo)
Frequency
EEEWEE X X X X X Annual
West Nile Virus
X X X X X MaySept
Rabies X X X X X Annual
Tetanus X X X X X Annual
Herpes (Rhino)
X X X +- Q 6 months
Influenza X X X +- Q 6 months
Strangles X X X +- Annual
PHF +- +- +- +- +- AprilJune
EPM
Botulism Atlantic states
Comments
High rate of
exposure
Maternal Antibodies in last 30 days of
pregnancy
Protect from non-
equine vectors
High rate of exposure
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Management Practices
bull Quarantine and monitoring of new horses
bull Isolation facility and protocol
bull Requirements prior to introduction of new horse
bull Separation of groups of horses according to use susceptibility to infection
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Management Practices
bull Vector controlbull Management of
sick horsesbull Keep good
records
Questions
Questions