PREVALENCE OF DRUG ABUSE

20 LAKH PEOPLE ARE REGULAR DRUG USERS IN PUNJAB ONLY

66% OF SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN ARE ABUSING GUTKA

7 OUT OF 10 COLLEGE STUDENTS HAVE ABUSED ONE OR OTHER DRUG

3 OUT OF 10 GIRLS HAVE ABUSED ONE OR OTHER DRUGS

HOSTLERS MORE PRONE TO ADDICTION

MENACE OF DRUG ABUSE

PER HEAD CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL IS HIGHEST IN PUNJAB

GOVT. OF INDIA SPENDS RS 27000 CRORE ON TOBACCO RELATED PROBLEMS WHILE EARNS RS6000 CRORE FROM TOBACCO INDUSTRY

GOVT.HAS TO SPEND RS I20 ON HEALTH PROBLEMS CAUSED BY EVERY PACK OF CIGARETTES

CAUSES OF ADDICTION

OUT OF CURIOSITY FOR PLEASURE KICK LACK OF PARENTAL CONTROL TOO MUCH POCKET MONEY PRESSURE FROM FRIENDS TO GAIN ACCEPTANCE IN GROUP DEFIANT GESTURE AGAINST AUTHORITY PREY TO PPEDDLERS OF DRUGS

CAUSES

ESCAPE FROM TENSIONS

EMOTIONAL FRUSTRATION

HIGH EXPECTATIONS OF PARENTS

ADDICT PARENTS NEGATIVE ROLE MODEL FOR CHILDREN

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FRUSTRATION

PEDDLERS

CURIOSITY

TRAP OF DRUGS

POTENTIAL ADDICTS

LOW SELF ESTEEM LACK OF AMBITION FOR FUTURE NON PARTICIPATION IN SPORTS, EXTRA

CURICULAR ACTIVITIES INVOLVEMENT IN POLITICAL MOVEMENTS SIBLING USE OF DRUGS,ALCOHOL DRUG USE IN FRIENDS

Potential drug users

BROKEN FAMILIES UNHAPPY FAMILY NOT PRACTISING ANY RELIGION PARENTAL USE OF CIGARETTES EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL USE BY PARENTS POOR ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS

CHILDREN OF ADDICTS

RECOGNISING AN ADDICT

AVOIDING PEOPLE SPENDING LONG HOURS IN BATHROOM PREFER TO BE ALONE DROPP ING OLD FRIENDS SUDDEN NEW FRINDS CIRCLE LOSS OF INTERST IN

GAMES ,EXTRACURICULAR ACTIVITIES

KEEP EYES OPEN FOR THESE CHANGES

STEALING,BORROWING MONEY EXCESSIVE SPENDING OF MONEY ERRATIC BEHAVIOUR ,CONFUSED

THOUGHTS SUDDEN UNEXPLAINED TEMPER

TANTRUMS LAZINES,APATHY,IRRITABILITY EMOTIONAL INSTABILITY

PHYSICAL CHANGES REDNESS OF EYES PUFFINESS UNDER EYES SLURRING OF SPEECH UNSTEADY GAIT LOSS OF APPETITE FRESH\NUMEROUS INJECTION SITES PECULIAR SMELL FROM BREATH SHABBILY DRESSED

THREE STAGES OF ADDICTION

Stage I

Experimental and social useFrequency of use

Occasional / usually on weekends

Source of drugs / alcohol

Friends / peers at parties

REASONS

Curiosity / risk taking and seeking thrill

For pleasurable feelings / relief from boredom

Peer pressure / to be sociable

To obtain social acceptance

To appear grown up / to defy parental limits

EFFECTS

Experiences euphoria and returns to normal state after using

Small amount may cause intoxication

Feelings sought - fun, excitement, thrill, belonging and control

BEHAVIOURAL INDICATORS

Little noticeable change

Experiences moderate hangovers

Occasional evidence of use such as beer can or marijuana joint

Stage II - Abuse

Frequency of use

Regular / several times per week

Some times during the day

Prefers to use alone

Source of drug / alcohol

Friends

Buys for himself

May borrow / steal / peddle drugs to maintain supply

REASONS

To manipulate emotions – experience pleasure, cope with stress and uncomfortable feelings and to overcome feelings of inadequacy

To stay high or at least to maintain normal feelings

EFFECTS

May experience discomfort in the absence of drugs

Intoxication becomes regular

Feelings sought - pleasure, relief from negative emotions and stress reduction

May feel guilty, ashamed and afraid

Has suicidal ideation / may attempt suicide

Tries to control use but fails

BEHAVIOURAL INDICATORS

Mood swings

Changes in personality

Lying and stealing

Change in friendships ……..

Decline in work performance

BEHAVIOURAL INDICATORS (contd..)

Decrease in extra curricular activities

Begins adopting drug culture (clothing, hairstyle)

……..

BEHAVIOURAL INDICATORS (contd..)

Conflict with family members Becomes more rebellious

Interest focused on procuring and using drugs / alcohol

Stage III Dependency / addiction

Frequency of use

Daily use / continuous

Source of drugs / alcohol

Uses any means to get alcohol / drugs

May engage in criminal activities to get money for drugs

REASONS

Has no control over his behaviour

To avoid pain and depression

To escape from realities of daily living

EFFECTS

Normal state is pain and discomfort

Unlikely to experience euphoria

Experiences suicidal thoughts / may attempt suicide

……..

EFFECTS (contd..)

Guilt, shame and remorse

Repeated blackouts

Changing emotions such as depression, irritation and apathy

Experiences

BEHAVIOURAL INDICATORS

Physical deterioration including weight loss, health problems

Memory loss, flash back, paranoia, volatile mood swings and other psychiatric problems

Likely to dropout or get expelled from college or lose jobs

……..

BEHAVIOURAL INDICATORS

Away from home most of the time

Possible overdoses

Not concerned about being caught Focuses only on procuring and using drugs

TREATMENT TREATMENT CENTRECENTRE

DRUGS

TREATMENT

ADDICTION IS AN ILLNESS IT IS A CURABLE DISEASE SIGN OF MORAL WEAKNESS RECOGNITION OF PROBLEM IS HALF THE

BATTLE WON SEEKING PROFESSIONAL HELP IS ROLE OF FAMILY IS VERY IMPORTANT

TREA T MENT

Methods

Medical and nursing care

Assessment

Supportive counseling

MEDICAL TREATMENT

DETOXIFICATION OF DRUGS UNDER MEDICAL SUPERVISION

WITHDRAWL OF ADDICTION CONTROL OF WITHDRAWL SYMPTOMS ENGAGING IN OTHER SOCIAL ACTIVITIES MAKING NONAVAILIBILITY OF DRUGS

DRUGS FREE ZONE

MEDICAL TREATMENT

Medical care to deal with withdrawal symptoms , co-existing medical / psychiatric problems

Methods

Counseling

Involving family and significant others

Making appropriate referrals

COUNSELLING

MOTIVATING THE PATIENT FOR TREATMENT

REALISATION OF PROBLEM OF ADDICTION BY ADDICT

FAMILY PLAYS A BIG ROLE ROLE OF SOCIAL WORKERS RELIGIOUS GROUPS

REHABILITATION

BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY CHANGE IN PEER GROUP IMPROVE FAMILY ATMOSPHERE SUPPORT,EMOTIONAL SECURITY FROM

FAMILY PSYCHOLOGICAL BUILDING UP OF ADDICT

FOLLOW-UP

Essential part of case management

FREQUENCY OF FOLLOW-UP

Very regular in the initial phase of recovery - Once every 10 days for 3 months and then monthly visits until one year

Quarterly visits after 1 year for at least four more years

WHAT HAPPENS IN A FOLLOW-UP?

Drug free status Health condition Family relationships  Social relationships Occupational status Financial status Leisure time activities

Review about the client in the following areas

STRENGTHENING FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS 

Interaction with spouse,children and other family members

Efforts taken to patch up strained relationships Assuming responsibilities at home Quality time spent with family members

RENEWING SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS

Participating in family functions

Socializing – making new friends

OCCUPATIONAL STATUS

Regularity and punctuality at work

Adaptability to work with colleagues

Improvement in efficiency and concentration

If unemployed, efforts taken to get a job

 RECREATIONAL SCHEDULE

Reviving old hobbies

Getting involved in new activities

Physical exercises / games

Yoga and meditation

CHOICE

WHO CAN BE A SUPPORT PERSON

A support person is

Genuinely interested in the client’s well-being

Not using alcohol / drugs

A person whom the client respects and holds in high regard

Someone who can constantly be in touch with the client

SOCIAL SUPPORT PROGRAMME

Patient

Occupation Friends Health Family Religion

Managers Supervisors

At workIn society

Family physician / medical officers at work place

Parents In- lawsSiblings

ClergymenReligious heads