Weather Dynamics UnitWeather Dynamics Unit

Science 10Science 10

Mrs. S. Pipke-PainchaudMrs. S. Pipke-Painchaud

WindWind

““Movement of air in the atmosphere” Movement of air in the atmosphere” (Nelson Science 10 516).(Nelson Science 10 516).

Local or Regional Winds:Local or Regional Winds:– Occur in a localized or small areaOccur in a localized or small area

Prevailing Winds:Prevailing Winds:– Winds that affect large areasWinds that affect large areas

(Nelson Science 10 516)(Nelson Science 10 516)

Coriolis EffectCoriolis Effect

Named after Gaspard deCoriolis Named after Gaspard deCoriolis – French MathematicianFrench Mathematician

Because of the Earth’s rotation anything moving long Because of the Earth’s rotation anything moving long distances appear to change directiondistances appear to change direction– ““apparent change of direction in a moving object in apparent change of direction in a moving object in

a rotating system is called the Coriolis Effect” a rotating system is called the Coriolis Effect” (Nelson Science 10 516).(Nelson Science 10 516).

(NS10 516)(NS10 516)– ““tendency for any moving body on or above the tendency for any moving body on or above the

earth's surface, e.g., an ocean current or an artillery earth's surface, e.g., an ocean current or an artillery round, to drift sideways from its course because of round, to drift sideways from its course because of the earth's rotation” (InfoPlease.com) the earth's rotation” (InfoPlease.com)

http://www.theozonehole.com/coriolis.htm

Earth rotates EastwardEarth rotates Eastward– Northern Hemisphere (counterclockwise) – Northern Hemisphere (counterclockwise) –

move to rightmove to right– Southern Hemisphere (Clockwise) – move to Southern Hemisphere (Clockwise) – move to

leftleft

Noticed the least at the equator and most Noticed the least at the equator and most at the polesat the poles

http://www.worldstats.org/general_world/maps/prevailing_winds_big.shtml

http://research.haifa.ac.il/~maritime/departm/lessons/ocean/wwr199.gif

Convection CurrentsConvection Currents

Video: Video: http://www.wfu.edu/physics/demolabs/demhttp://www.wfu.edu/physics/demolabs/demos/4/4b/4B2010.htmlos/4/4b/4B2010.html

http://www.wfu.edu/physics/demolabs/http://www.wfu.edu/physics/demolabs/demos/avimov/byalpha/cdvideos.htmldemos/avimov/byalpha/cdvideos.html

Please refer to page 517 in your textbookPlease refer to page 517 in your textbook– Figure 2Figure 2– Skim through the information on page 516Skim through the information on page 516

Paragraph 2 “to understand why the …”Paragraph 2 “to understand why the …”

In 1492, Christopher Columbus relied on two In 1492, Christopher Columbus relied on two important prevailing winds to sail to the Americas important prevailing winds to sail to the Americas and home again. and home again.

– A) What wind did he use to travel to America?A) What wind did he use to travel to America?– B) What wind did he use to travel home?B) What wind did he use to travel home?

A) Northeast trade windsA) Northeast trade windsB) Mid-Latitude westerliesB) Mid-Latitude westerlies

AnimationsAnimations

Exploring EarthExploring Earth– **http://www.classzone.com/books/**http://www.classzone.com/books/

earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1904/es1904page01.cfm?es1904/es1904page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualizationchapter_no=visualization

– http://www.classzone.com/books/http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1905/es1905page01.cfm?es1905/es1905page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization chapter_no=visualization

Danish Wind Industry AssociationDanish Wind Industry Association– http://www.windpower.org/en/tour/wres/coriolis.http://www.windpower.org/en/tour/wres/coriolis.

htmhtm

Causes of Prevailing WindsCauses of Prevailing WindsPlease read through pages 518-519 Please read through pages 518-519 – First five paragraphsFirst five paragraphs

Jet Stream:Jet Stream:– ““a current of fast moving air found in the upper atmosphere” a current of fast moving air found in the upper atmosphere”

(Univ. Illinois).(Univ. Illinois).– Can be 1000s of km longCan be 1000s of km long– Few 100 km wideFew 100 km wide– Few km thickFew km thick– Generally, located 10-15 km upGenerally, located 10-15 km up– The position of this upper-level jet stream denotes the location of The position of this upper-level jet stream denotes the location of

the strongest SURFACE temperature contrast” (Univ. Illinois).the strongest SURFACE temperature contrast” (Univ. Illinois).– http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/cyc/upa/jet.rxmlhttp://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/cyc/upa/jet.rxml

Jet Stream MapsJet Stream Maps

Jet Steam Images:Jet Steam Images:– http://www.weatherimages.org/data/imag192.htmlhttp://www.weatherimages.org/data/imag192.html

Environment Canada:Environment Canada:– http://weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca/jet_stream/index_e.htmlhttp://weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca/jet_stream/index_e.html

Weather.comWeather.com– http://www.weather.com/maps/activity/aviation/saturdhttp://www.weather.com/maps/activity/aviation/saturd

ayusjetstream_large.htmlayusjetstream_large.html

California Weather ServiceCalifornia Weather Service– http://virga.sfsu.edu/scripts/namjetstream_modelsml.hhttp://virga.sfsu.edu/scripts/namjetstream_modelsml.h

tmltml

Effects of Prevailing WindsEffects of Prevailing Winds

– Distribute solar energy from equator to poles Distribute solar energy from equator to poles (move air around the earth)(move air around the earth)

– Convection currents enable a return of cold Convection currents enable a return of cold air southair south

– Carry moistureCarry moisture– Help to cause a variety of precipitation typesHelp to cause a variety of precipitation types– ““Remember that rising air tends to be warm Remember that rising air tends to be warm

and moist, while falling air tends to be cool and moist, while falling air tends to be cool and dry” (Nelson Science 10 519).and dry” (Nelson Science 10 519).

Nelson Science 10 519Nelson Science 10 519

Consider where convection currents meetConsider where convection currents meet– Equator: cloudy and rainyEquator: cloudy and rainy– 30* North Latitude: cool, dry falling air (desert like 30* North Latitude: cool, dry falling air (desert like

conditions)conditions)Gobi (As), Sahara (Af), Mojave (NA), Great Basin (NA) and Gobi (As), Sahara (Af), Mojave (NA), Great Basin (NA) and Sonoran (NA)Sonoran (NA)

Deserts of North America (info on Hot and Cold Deserts of Deserts of North America (info on Hot and Cold Deserts of the world)the world)

– http://mbgnet.mobot.org/sets/desert/ofworld.htmhttp://mbgnet.mobot.org/sets/desert/ofworld.htm

– 60* North Latitude: 2 air systems meet60* North Latitude: 2 air systems meetUnsettled conditionsUnsettled conditions

Storms are stronger in the winter (because the Arctic Storms are stronger in the winter (because the Arctic receives no light = cold = greater temp difference from receives no light = cold = greater temp difference from equator)equator)

Nelson Science 10 519Nelson Science 10 519

http://www.mapsofworld.com/world-desert-map.htm

Earth from Different PerspectivesEarth from Different Perspectives

**Exploring Earth (examine sea temperatures, **Exploring Earth (examine sea temperatures, earthquakes, etc.)earthquakes, etc.)– http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/chttp://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/c

ontent/visualizations/es0101/es0101page01.cfm?chaontent/visualizations/es0101/es0101page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualizationpter_no=visualization

Environment Canada Environment Canada – Wind Info:Wind Info:

http://lavoieverte.qc.ec.gc.ca/meteo/Documentation/Vent_e.hhttp://lavoieverte.qc.ec.gc.ca/meteo/Documentation/Vent_e.htmltml

International Polar Foundation:International Polar Foundation:– Katabatic and Anabatic WindsKatabatic and Anabatic Winds

http://www.antarctica.org/UK/Envirn/pag/vents_cata_UK.htmhttp://www.antarctica.org/UK/Envirn/pag/vents_cata_UK.htm

Sources:Sources:

Nelson Science 10 TextbookNelson Science 10 Textbook

Infoplease. Infoplease.com. Coriolis EffectInfoplease. Infoplease.com. Coriolis Effect– http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/weather/A081http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/weather/A081

3558.html3558.html

University of Illinois University of Illinois – Jet Stream: Jet Stream:

http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtrhttp://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/cyc/upa/jet.rxml/cyc/upa/jet.rxml