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Presentation of Presentation of Japanese technology Japanese technology of waste to energyof waste to energy
JASE-worldWaste to Energy Sub WGMasanori TsukaharaHitachi Zosen Corporation
2012.11.14 1
JASE-W established in Oct 2008
Members – Digits in parentheses show numbers of members as of APR 2011
Corporate(72) Steel(2), Power & Gas Supply(8), Finance(5), Trading(7), Manufacturer - General(18), Electric(7), Electronic(3),
Ceramic(1), Rubber(3) -Housing(2), Construction(1), Petroleum(1), Car(1), Petrochemicals(3), Engineering(10),
Industrial Association(20)
Observer(12) METI, MOFA, JETRO, NEDO, JBIC, JICA, WB, ADB, NEXI,
Introduction of JASE-world
2
Mr. H Yonekura, Chairman of JASE-W(Chairman of Japan Business Federation)
Observer(12) METI, MOFA, JETRO, NEDO, JBIC, JICA, WB, ADB, NEXI, IFC, IEEJ, Clean Association of Tokyo 23
Activities
Policy Proposal to Government
Project Exploration through 4 Working Groups(WG) associated with G&B Mission Overseas
Publication of Japanese Smart Energy Technologies
PR through International & Domestic Expositions
News Release by Website and Advertise on News Paper
Japanese BusinessAlliance forSmartEnergy- Worldwide
Presentation of Japanese technology of waste to energy
IntroductionIntroductionofof
Waste and ResourcesWaste and Resourcesin Tokyoin Tokyo
3
in Tokyoin Tokyo
Waste Treatment Transition in Japan(1990-2008)
Recycle, etcLandfillIncineration
Incineration is common in Japan due to the limited habitable land and pressure of waste volume reduction
Unit: Thousands ton/year
4
4
Source: 3R Forum
Combustible waste
Incombustible waste
Transfer
Collection /Transport of
waste(Each city)
Ash-meltingplants
Final disposalIntermediate processing of waste
(Clean Association of TOKYO 23)
incombustibles
Incineration plants
Incombustible Used as construction
(Tokyo Metropolitan Government)
Outer Central Breakw
ater Landfill Disposal
Site or New
Sea Surface Disposal Site
Utilization of produced heat-Use by generating power -Surplus heat used for air conditioning and swimming pools in the area
WasteResource
Flow of waste and resources in Tokyo 23 cities
5
5
Large-sized waste
Collect resources
Pulverized Waste
Processing Center
Recovered as resource or product byrecycling centers of manufactures orprivate recycling businesses.
Clean Association of TOKYO 23 consists of Head Office and branches including incineration plants and other processing facilities. The total number of staff members is 1,137 as of April-2011.
incombustibles
Transferlarge-sized
waste
Incombustible Waste Processing Center
PulverizationProcessing Plant forLarge-sizedWaste
construction material, and other uses.
Recovery / Sales of Steel and aluminum
Outer Central Breakw
ater Landfill Disposal
Site or New
Sea Surface Disposal SiteResources
From Clean Association of TOKYO 23
Presentation of Japanese technology of waste to energy
Advanced Incineration Advanced Incineration Technology of JapanTechnology of Japan
7
Advantages Disadvantages
Improvement of environment and sanitary condition around landfill site Volume Reduction (Over 90%)Mass treatment possibilityGood adaptability for
Negative image (hazardous pollutants emission, e.g. dioxin)⇒It’s no problem by adopting the appropriate exhaust gas treatment system.
Advantages and Disadvantages of WtE
8
8
Good adaptability for treatment of various wastes
treatment system.Higher Initial Cost than Landfill
Provide the stable energy among the various renewable energy resources and contribute nation’s energy security
Carbon emission credit(especially in changing from landfill)
With respect to Waste to Energy
Waste receivingcharging system
Incinerator &Boiler system Waste heat
utilization systemFlue gascleaning system
Waste to Energy Plant
9
9
Ash treatment system
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
日本1
欧州
Change in calorific value of municipal solid waste
Low
er c
alor
ific
valu
e (k
J/kg
)
Gasification ash melting furnace and melting furnace developed
Japan
Europe
Large difference
10
0
1000
2000
3000
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
1924:The first incineration plant in Japan
1960:The first machinery incineration plant completed(Japanese technology)
1965:The first waste to energy plant completed(European technology)
1996~2004:Ash melting mandated by the government
出典:
狩郷修 ごみ焼却炉選定の技術的評価
ごみ処理施設整備の計画・設計要領
Low
er c
alor
ific
valu
e (k
J/kg
)
YEAR
High water content waste incineration technology
Pollution controltechnology
Dioxin control technology
Efficient heat recovery and power generation
technology
furnace developed
Incinerator introduced from Europe
Technology
development
10
For Complete Burn Out of Low calorific Refuse
Radiant Heat
Technical Features of Incinerator
Enough large grate area
Good radiant effect for refuse drying
Mixing and loosening of refuse by vertical step
11
Mixing and Loosening
Was
te c
onst
itu
ent(
%)
Combustible
moisture
ash
Burning
Appropriate Hot Air Supply
refuse by vertical step
Appropriate supplyof combustion air
Capacity: 4-900t/day/unit
11
Flue Gas
Spray Nozzle Bag FilterCompressed Air
Flue Gas Cleaning System
12
Injection Blower
Cooling Water pump
Cooling Water Tank
Flue Gas CoolerInduced Draft Fan
Stack
Slaked Lime
Activated Carbon
SiloSilo
Quantitative Feeder
12
Dioxin Emissions from Waste Incinerators in Japan
1997:Guidelines for Prevention of dioxin and related to waste disposal
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000[g
-TEQ
/年
]
小型焼却炉
産廃焼却施設
一廃焼却施設
7,432(100%)D
ioxi
n Em
issi
ons
(g/y
ear)
Small IncineratorIndustrial Waste IncineratorMunicipal Waste Incinerator
13
13
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
年度
総排
出量
[
191(2.6%)
206(2.8%)
225(3.0%)
226(3.0%) 135(1.8%)
3,582(48.2%)
2,728(36.7%)
2,187(29.4%)
1,745(23.5%)
760(10.2%)
232(3.1%)
( )内の数値は,1997年度の総排出量を100%としたときの割合
Dio
xin
Emis
sion
s (g
/yea
r)
Year Ministry of Environment web site
97%Reduction
Japan 800 Plants For electricity 304 Plants (1,673MW) (2009)
Korea 15 Plants
China 23 Plants(15 Plants are under construction )
Waste to Energy Plant built by Japanese Company
14
14
Taiwan 24 Plants
Singapore 3 PlantsThailand 1 Plants CHENGDU, China
Presentation of Japanese technology of waste to energy
Waste Heat Recovery Waste Heat Recovery Technology of JapanTechnology of Japan
15
High –efficiency refuse burning power generation
G
Condensate Tank
Feedwater Tank & Deaerator
Steam turbine
condenser
PP
Economizer
Super Heater
Refuse fired boiler(High-tempertaure higi-pressure
type)
Steam Generation
Steam Turbine
Plant Internal UseBoiler
Furnace
Power
GenerationElectricity
Sales
Combustion
Electricity
& Steam supply
Efficient waste power generation Waste heat utilization system
16
16
Steam Boiler Steam Turbine Electric Power Generation Steam Supply to Demander
Hot Water Boiler Hot water supply to Demander
Deaerator
Deaerator feed water
pumpBoiler
feed waterpump
Deionizer
Combustion
(Municipal Solid Waste)
Steam condenser
Condensertank
2012 © Japan Smart Community Alliance
Acquirable energy (electricity)
施設規模ごとの発電量(Hu=8,800kJ/kg時の試算例)
15000
20000
25000発
電量
(kW
)
Relationship betweenCapacity of facility and Electricity generated(Calorific value of waste ; Hu = 8,800KJ/kg)
Ele
ctric
ity (k
W)
Over
17
17
0
5000
10000
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
施設規模(t/日)
発電
量
Capacity of facility (t/day)
Number of Pop.≒ 500 thousands
Over10,000 kW
Presentation of Japanese technology of waste to energy
Business Model of Business Model of waste Managementwaste Management
18
18
Feed in Tariff Scheme for power from MSW
Purchase Price(USD/kWh)
Period Comments
Japan 0.22 20 years Depending on the ratio of biomass
Germany 0.19-0.22 20 years Price for new facility decrease by 2% every year.
Netherland 0.14 (Before 15 years) Over 500kW
20
20
Netherland 0.14 (Before 15 years)0.09 (After 15 years)
Over 500kW
Austria 0.135-0.2 15 years If fuel is waste, pricedecrease by 25-40% depends on biomass.
China 0.09-0.12 Including incentive
Indonesia 0.12 1,050 IDR/kWh
Malaysia 0.14 0.42 MYR/kWh出典: ジェトロユーロトレンド 新局面を迎える欧州の再生可能エネルギー(RE)(2011.12)他
Feasibility StudyWe research a municipality to be able to do a feasibility study together, with Japanese feasibility study scheme. Research of Technical Feasibility
• Survey of waste characteristics, LCV and amount of waste • Waste stream • Proposal of suitable waste treatment system• Estimation of electricity output
21
21
• Estimation of electricity output Evaluation of Environmental and Social Impacts
• GHG Emission Reduction Effect• Research of legal system and procedure related to Environmental Assessment Financial and Economic Feasibility Site Location Terms of Contract PPP, Etc.