7/31/2019 Presidents 1-24 v2

1/22

George Washington

President #: 1stNickname: Father of his CountryBorn: 1732 in Westmoreland County, VirginiaEducation: Private Tutors and Relatives, no collegeJobs: surveyor, militia officer, plantation ownerPosition when Elected: Plantation OwnerPolitical Party: none; but had ideas like federalists

Chief Opponents: none (elected unanimously)Term of Office: 1789-1797Number of Terms: twoVice President: John AdamsFirst Lady: Martha CustisChildren: none, two stepchildren from wifeDied: 1799 from a strep infection caused by a coldGeographic Scene: 13 statesNew States: Vermont, Kentucky, TennesseeWar: French (neutral)During Presidency: saw the first balloon flightOther Facts:

fought as general in Revolutionary Warwas promoted to a six-star general (General of the Armies) by Gerald R. Ford, there are only 2soldiers wanted him as King after the Revolutionfought as a teenager in French and Indian Warone of the richest people at that timesigned constitutionthought that constitution would last 20 yearspolitical parties formed during presidencyestablished how U.S. negotiates treaties and what kind of legislation should be vetoedsigned laws for banks and currencytried to keep out of war with Indians and Europeborrowed money to go to his inauguration

only had 1 real tooth during inauguration, fake teeth made of ivory and leadmade presidents attend inaugurations of his successorlarge slave holder, wanted them free by his will before he diedBill of Rights and 11th amendment added, Constitution raffled in 1791Judiciary Act-provided Supreme Court with Chief Justice and 5 associative justicesPhiladelphia became the national capitalstates ratified the Bill of Rightssigned bank bill to have a national bank in 1791Whiskey Rebellion-rebellion from farmers because of whiskey tax

1

7/31/2019 Presidents 1-24 v2

2/22

Pinckneys Treaty-ended dispute over Floridian borderTreaty of Greenville-treaty that stole western landsProclamation of Neutrality-made U.S. stay neutral during other warsJays Treaty-made British move off of forts and trading posts on the U.S.Mount Vernon-homeFarewell Address-public statement that basically said political parties are evil

1st protective tariff is enacted1st naturalization law is passedRhode Island becomes the last state to ratify the Constitution1st US copyright lawfirst census in 1790first coins made in 1792first president to appear on a stampwore size 13 bootsgot his is and es mixed upfavorite sports were fox hunting and fishingfuture presidents followed all of his traditions

John Adams

President #: 2ndNickname: Father of American Independence and Navy, Atlas of Independence, Duke ofBraintreeBorn: 1735, Braintree (Quincy), MassachusettsEducation: Harvard CollegeJob: Lawyer, Vice PresidentPolitical Party: FederalistChief Opponents: Thomas Jefferson (they were friends, but not politically)Term of Office: 1797-1801

Number of Terms: oneVice President: Thomas JeffersonFirst Lady: Abigail Smith-sent letters to Adams for womens rightsChildren: Abigail, John Quincy, Charles, ThomasDied: 1826 on 50th anniversary of the Declaration of IndependenceGeographical Scene:16 statesNew States: noneWar: French (neutral)During Presidency: religious fervor called Great Revival swept over Tennessee and KentuckyOther Facts:

LawyerDefended soldiers in the Boston Massacre

liked the Britishmegaphone of Independenceappointed to co-write the Declaration with Jefferson, but said Jefferson was a better writerFrance vs. Britain in Napoleonic warsFirst Ambassador to Great BritainNegotiated the Treaty of Paris- ended the Revolutionary Warcoordinated crafting of DeclarationWas in Netherlands try to sort things out during the Revolutionary WarHad bad nicknames like His Rotundity and Bonny Johnny Adams for calling George

2

7/31/2019 Presidents 1-24 v2

3/22

Washington Your MajestyWon his presidential election by 3 votesThomas Jefferson became Vice President even though Adams and Jefferson had differentpolitical parties

tension developed between the Adams and Jefferson during administrationfirst and last Federalist

lived longer than any president-age 90longest marriage-54 yearsAdams and Jefferson were friends again after presidencyAdams and Jefferson died on the same dayXYZ affair-3 reps. sent to France were called X, Y, and Z by French Minister, but France triedto bribe them so they went home

major U.S. Naval force constructed to protect U.S. ships in Quazi-war with France, war endswith the Treaty of MortfontaineDepartment of the Navy is createdall treaties between the U.S. and France are declared null and voidLogan Act-outlawed private democracyFederal Bankruptcy Act-provides merchants and traders protection from debtors

divided Northwest Territory into Indian Territory and Northwest TerritoryFries Rebellion-Pennsylvanians engaged in armed resistance against property tax (failed)Bonaparte and Adams made a treaty to stop French WarFederalists hated Adams for not declaring war on FranceAdams moved into White House in 1801Alien Act increased waiting period to become U.S. citizen to 14 years-deported people in ourcountry that cause problems

Sedition Act-silenced criticism of Federalist officials, Arrest and Trial for whoever went againstCongress or President,publishing newspaper articles that are bad about the government- JAIL

Midnight Appointment-last few hours of presidency, he filled the courts with federalists1 of 3 presidents who didnt attend the inauguration of his successor; Adams was disappointed tolose to Jefferson and also was grieving over the death of his son Charles

great-great grandson of pilgrims on the Mayflower1st president to live in White House (Executive Mansion)

his last words were Jefferson still lives but he didnt know that Jefferson died an hourbeforetried to make presidency an inherited thinggenius, but people hated him cause he was really annoying

Thomas Jefferson

President #: 3rdNickname: Father of Declaration of Independence, Man of the People, Sage of Monticello

Born: 1743 in Goochland (Albemarte) County, VirginiaEducation: College of William and MaryJobs: Lawyer, Plantation Owner, Public OfficialPosition When Elected: Vice PresidentPolitical Party: Democratic-RepublicanChief Opponents: 1st term: John Adams and Aaron Burr. 2nd term: Charles PinckneyTerm of Office: 1801-1809Number of Terms: twoVice President: 1st term: Aaron Burr. 2nd term: George Clinton

3

7/31/2019 Presidents 1-24 v2

4/22

First Lady: Wife Martha Skelton died before presidency, Friend Dolley Madison (wife of JamesMadison) and Daughter Martha RandolphChildren: Martha, MaryDied: 1826Geographic Scene: 16 statesNew States: Ohio, prohibits slavery

War: Triapolitan/Barbary WarDuring Presidency: In 1807, 1st successful steamboat went from New York to Albany in 32 hr.Other Facts:

bought the Louisiana Purchaseknew many languagesinvented the swivel chairhis home was the Monticello (which he designed himself)constitution says in 20 years, slavery imports from Africa is no longer legalmember of House of Burgesses at age 26drafted the Declaration of Independenceestablished US Military Academy at West PointU.S. Minister to France

1st president elected by House of RepresentativesRevolution of 1800-fall of federalism, Rise of Republicanismmade the tradition of shaking handsLewis and Clark Expedition-Jefferson sent them to explore the Louisiana PurchaseFounded the University of VirginiaEmbargo Act of 1807 made it so that American ships could not sail to other countries for goodsExecutive PrivilegeWhiskey Tax is repealednaturalization laws are repealed1st of the Virginian DynastyVice President Aaron Burr shot Alexander Hamilton in a duel12th amendment-Vice President and President voted together, VP not 2nd most votes

Barbary Pirates attacked American ships in Middle East and started Triapolitan Warhad an affair with Sally Hemmings, one of his slavesliked to read and had a library of booksthe government brought his library from him and started the Library of the Congress1st president to have a grandchild born in the White Househe once ate a tomato to prove it wasnt poisonousplayed the violinsuggested the decimal system of money we useowned 200 slaves

became the secretary of state under Washingtoncreated the idea of first public education system (1st in the world)

James Madison

President #: 4thNickname: Father of the ConstitutionBorn: Port Conway, VirginiaEducation: College of New Jersey (Princeton)Jobs: Lawyer, Public OfficialPosition When Elected: Secretary of State

4

7/31/2019 Presidents 1-24 v2

5/22

Political Party: Democratic-RepublicanChief Opponents: 1st term: Charles Pinckney, 2nd term: DeWitt ClintonTerm of Office: 1809-1817Number of Terms: twoVice President: 1st term: George Clinton, 2nd term: Elbridge GerryFirst Lady: Dolley Madison

Children: none, stepchild from marriageGeographic Scene: 17 statesNew States: Louisiana, IndianaDied: 1836War: War of 1812During His Presidency: Started building National Road in 1811Other Facts:

Father of the Bill of Rights, Father of Religious Liberty (separating church and state)defendant in Marbury vs. Madison- sent precedent of Judicial Reviewsecretary of state to Thomas Jefferson- they organized Democrat and Republican partiessmallest president weighing 100 pounds and standing 5 4 - tinysigned the Constitution

served in Virginias State Government before becoming Secretary of StateBritish were capturing U.S. boats at this timeAmerica declared War after boat capturing had stoppedwife saved George Washingtons picture and Governmental documents before the White Housewas burned down in the War of 1812spoke out against slaveryargued against secessionhelped create a colony in Africa for free slavesmanufacturing increased in NortheastFrancis Scott Key created the National Anthemfirst president to wear trousers rather than knee breeches1st president to be under enemy fire

younger than both of his vice presidentsWhile dying, Madison was offered drugs to survive and die on Independence Day. He refused,and therefore, died on June 28diagnosed as epileptic1st U.S. congressman to become president2nd of the Virginian DynastyNon-Intercourse Act-prevented trade with only Britain and France, repealed EmbargoMacons Bill #2-Non-Intercourse repealed if Britain and France agreed to respect U.S. neutralityHartford Convention1st National Bank closesTreaty of Ghent-concluded War of 1812Battle of New Orleans-battle at New Orleans when Treaty of Ghent had not reached them

2nd national bank of U.S.internal improvements-vetoed bill authorizing federal funds for highways and canalsHis picture is on the $5.000 bill.Last to die out of the declaration signers

Key contributor to the Federalist Papers

5

7/31/2019 Presidents 1-24 v2

6/22

James Monroe

President #: 5thNickname: Era of Good Feelings President, The Last Cocked Hat

Born: 1758 in Westmoreland County, VirginiaEducation: College of William and MaryJobs: Lawyer, Public OfficialPosition When Elected: Secretary of StatePolitical Party: Democratic-RepublicanChief Opponents: Rufus KingTerm of Office: 1817-1825Number of Terms: twoVice President: Daniel TompkinsFirst Lady: Elizabeth KortrightChildren: Eliza, MariaDied: 1831

Geographic Scene: 19 statesNew States: Mississippi, Alabama, Illinois, Missouri, MaineWar: noneDuring His Presidency: 1st public high school created in BostonOther facts:

last of the Virginian DynastyMonroe Doctrine Europe cant colonize near or in AmericaMissouri Compromise- law made no more states west of north of Missouri allowed slaveryserved in Virginian Assembly, Continental Congress, U.S. SenateGovernor of Virginiafought in Revolutionary War2nd most amount of states added during a presidency

last president to die on July 4

th

studied law with Thomas JeffersonSeminole WarConvention of 1818-set U.S.-Canadian border, American fisherman could fish in Canadastars on flag fixed to 13 in 1818Military Establishment Act-reduces Armys manpower by 40% to 6,126 menPanic of 1819-1st major depression in U.S.Adams-Onis Treaty-gave U.S. East Florida and part of West Florida for $5 millionRush-Bagot Agreement-demilitarization of the Great Lakes and established borders betweenU.S. and Canada at the 49th parallelMonrovia named after himworked under Thomas Jefferson

Home: Ash Lawnwork began of the Erie canalhated Alexander HamiltonSecretary of State under Madison as well as Secretary of War until the War of 1812 endedServed in the revolutionary war- wounded in the battle of Trentonin a ton of paintings especially Washington Crossing the Deleware pictureInternal Improvements-vetoed Henry Clays bill, tolled Cumberland Road to build highway1st president to ride on steamboat1st president to have been U.S. Senator

6

7/31/2019 Presidents 1-24 v2

7/22

1st president to have inauguration outdoors1 vote short from having unanimous vote in re-electionWhite House painted white when elected

died on the 4th of July 5 years after Adams and Jeffersonnegotiated Louisiana purchase

John Quincy Adams

President #: 6thNickname: Old Man EloquentBorn: 1767 in Quincy, MassachusettsEducation: Harvard CollegeJobs: Lawyer, DiplomatPosition When Elected: Secretary of StatePolitical Party: National RepublicanChief Opponents: Andrew Jackson

Term of Office: 1825-1829Number of Terms: oneVice President: John CalhounFirst Lady: Louisa JohnsonChildren: George, John, CharlesDied: 1848 from a strokeGeographic Scene: 24 statesNew States: noneWar: noneDuring His Presidency: Noah Webster published dictionaryOther Facts:

first father/son presidency

only president to serve in House of Representatives after presidencywitnessed Battle of Bunker Hill at age 8nullification doctrine-states can veto national law within its own boundariesPanama CongressTariff of Abominations-high tariff on importswanted transportation for roads, canals, and other internal improvementsenjoyed skin-dipping in Potomac while presidentwon because neither candidate had majority even though he lost electoral and popularwife was the only foreign first ladyfirst passage of Erie Canal is finished from Lake Erie to New York CityThomas Jefferson and John Adams die during his presidencyAnne Royall was the first woman to interview a president

only president to name a son George Washington1st president to be photographed

Andrew Da Gangsta Jackson

President #: 7thNickname: Old Hickory, King Andrew the IBorn: 1767 in Waxhaw, South Carolina

7

7/31/2019 Presidents 1-24 v2

8/22

Education: very little formal schoolingJobs: Lawyer, soldier, landownerPosition When Elected: PrivatePolitical Party: DemocraticChief Opponents: 1st term: John Q. Adams, 2nd term: Henry ClayTerm of Office: 1829-1837

Number of Terms: 2Vice President: 1st term: John Calhoun, 2nd term: Martin Van BurenFirst Lady: Niece Emily Donelson, wife died before presidencyChildren: none; one foster childDied: 1845 in Nashville, TennesseeGeographic Scene: 24 statesNew States: Arkansas, MichiganWar: 1st Black Hawks WarDuring his presidency: Cyrus McCormick invented a machine for reaping grainOther Facts:

life long scar from British Officer during Revolutionary Warson of Scottish-Irish immigrants

only president who was prisoner of warexact birthplace uncertainlast president in Revolutionary Warbecame General during War of 1812Force Bill-allowed president to use army and navy to collect tariff dutiesCompromise Tariff of 1833Kitchen CabinetPeggy Eaton AffairInternal Improvements-vetoed Maysville Road Bill, extended national roadfought in Revolutionary at age 131st president to ride on a railroad trainvetoed Bank Charter Bill

depression started near end of 2nd term1st president to be shot at while in officeracist and sexistIndian Removal Act-forcible relocation of Creek, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Choctaw, and Seminole

tribesNullification Proclamation-states and municipalities are forbidden from nullifying federal lawsbelieved that earth was flatonly president to pay off national debthad a bullet inside him two inches away from his heart because of Jackson/Dickinson duel1st president to have an assassination attempt (twice), but gun malfunctioned both times1st president to be born in cabin

Martin Van Buren

President #: 8th

Nickname: Little Magician (made the money go POOF!!), Enchanter, Old Kinderhook, Wizard(spoil system he was good at manipulating the government), Red Fox of KinderhookBorn: 1782 in Kinderhook, New YorkEducation: Village School, read lawJobs: Lawyer, Public Official

8

7/31/2019 Presidents 1-24 v2

9/22

Position When Elected: Vice PresidentPolitical Party: DemocraticChief Opponent: William Henry HarrisonTerm of Office: 1837-1841Number of Terms: oneVice President: Richard M. Johnson

First Lady: Angelica Van Buren (daughter-in-law), Hannah Van Buren (wife) died beforepresidencyChildren: Abraham, John, Martin, SmithDied: 1862 in Kinderhook, New YorkGeographic Scene: 26 statesNew States: noneWar: Aroostock War (Canadian and America lumberjack war), 2nd Seminole WarDuring his Presidency: Mount Holyoke, first womans college made; Queen Victoria in HawaiiOther facts:

liked Andrew Jacksonpart of Andrew Jacksons Kitchen Cabinetfor Andrews second term, he was VP

he was really nice to Peggie Eaton (Andrews affair)married his cousinsuccessful lawyervoted against slavery Missouri Compromise becoming a statehe oversaw the Trail of Tears1st president born U.S. citizen (even though his first language was Dutch, ESL)Panic of 1837Caroline Affair-Canadians rebelled against British rule. The U.S. ship Caroline was burned bythe British while sending the Canadians supplies.made the word okayopposed to the annexation of TexasNeutrality Law of 1838- provides for the arrest of people and the confiscation of arms, vehicles,

and supplies flowing illegally across the borderset up U.S. Treasury states must pay bank loans in CASH repealedpetticoat affairthe telegraph was patentedwhen he was VP, he presided over the senate with two pistols

Battle of Lake Okeechobee

William Henry Harrison

President #: 9th

Nickname: TippecanoeBorn: 1773 in Berkley, Charles City County, Virginia

Education: Hampden-Sydney CollegeJobs: Army Officer, public officialPosition When Elected: County Clerk of Hamilton County, OhioPolitical Party: WhigChief Opponent: President Martin Van BurenTerm of Office: 1841-1841 (one month)Number of Terms: one (cut short by death)Vice President: John TylerFirst Lady: Jane Irwin Harrison (daughter-in-law), divorced wife

9

7/31/2019 Presidents 1-24 v2

10/22

Children: Elizabeth, Lucy, John, William, John, Ben, Mary, Carter, AnnaDied: 1841 in the White House, Washington DCGeographic Scene: 26 statesNew States: noneWar: noneSlogan: Tippecanoe and Tyler, Too!

During His Presidency: copies of inaugural address carried by railroadOther Facts:

LAZY- but he used that as a good thing (folksy appeal)fought in Battle of 1812- then resigned from the armyfought in the Battle of Tippecanoe, won, but he did a bad jobAmistand Decision2nd oldest man to become president1st president to have a campaign slogan-Tippecanoe and Tyler Toofought Indians at Tippecanoe River, defeated Tecumsehlongest inaugural address-1 hr. and 45 min.caught pneumonia while reading inaugurationshortest term-one month

only Grandfather of a future president1st president to receive more than 1 million popular votes1st president to die in office1st president to study medicineonly president that has been born the same place as his vice presidentlast president to be born before the Declaration

John Tyler

President #: 10th

Nickname: His Accidency

Born: 1790 in Charles City County, VirginiaEducation: College of William and MaryJobs: Lawyer, Public OfficialPosition When Elected: Vice PresidentPolitical Party: WhigChief Opponent: none; succeeded HarrisonTerm of Office: 1841-1845Number of Terms: one (partial)Vice President: noneFirst Lady: Letitia Christian Tyler (1st wife), Priscilla Cooper Tyler (daughter-in-law), LetitiaTyler Semple (daughter), Julia Gardiner Tyler (2nd wife)Children: Mary, Robert, John, Letitia, Elizabeth, Alice, Tazwell, David, John, Julia, Lachlan,

Lyon, Robert, PearlDied: 1862 in Richmond, VirginiaGeographic Scene: 26 statesNew States: FloridaWar: noneDuring His Presidency: Samuel Morse sent the 1st telegraph messageOther Facts:

his own party disowned himhis entire original cabinet resigned because he vetoed a bill for National Bank

10

7/31/2019 Presidents 1-24 v2

11/22

Right of Succession-1st person to become president by successiononly president to not have a vice presidenthad 15 children-most for a presidentkicked out of Whig Party after termprovisional governmentBank Issue-Whigs tried to resurrect Bank of U.S., Tyler turned against his own party and said no

Preemption Act-those who improved unsurveyed lands got 160 acres for $1.25Webster-Ashburton Act-fixed the Maine-New Brunswick boundary dispute from Aroostock

WarPrinceton Explosion-Tyler and others on Princeton to see test fire of Peacemaker, largest Navalgun. Peacemaker exploded on 3rd firing.Treaty of Wanghia-U.S. gained access to Chinese ports not under Chinese lawDorr Rebellion Free White Men - $ to voteCommonweatlth v. Huntlegality of labor unions, right to strike in MassachusettsAnnexation of Texas-Texas territory settled by joint congressional resolutiononly president not buried in U.S. (buried in Confederate States)1st president to have a veto overridden1st president to marry while in office

most cabinet changes of any single-term presidentsgreat-uncle of Harry S. Trumanhis 2nd wife made practice of playing Hail to the Chief when the president appears in public

James Knox Polk

President #: 11thNickname: Young HickoryBorn: 1795 in Mecklenburg County, North CarolinaEducation: University of North CarolinaJobs: Lawyer, Public OfficialPosition When Elected: Private Law Practice and BusinessPolitical Party: DemocraticChief Opponent: Henry ClayTerm of Office: 1845-1849

Number of Terms: oneVice President: George Mifflin DallasFirst Lady: Sarah Childress PolkChildren: noneDied: 1849Geographic Scene: 27 statesNew States: Texas, Iowa, WisconsinWar: Mexican-American War America takes Texas, Mexicans killed 10 Americans on our soil.Slogan: 54-40 or fight!

11

7/31/2019 Presidents 1-24 v2

12/22

During his Presidency: 1st baseball game of record in 1846Other Facts:

his wife banned dancing in the White House1st dark-horse candidateOregon Treaty-caused Great Britain and U.S. to split Oregon at the 49 th parallelManifest Destiny

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo-U.S. paid Mexico $15 million for the Mexican Cession -1 1/3 ofAmerica (America moves west)California Gold RushWalker Tariff-significant tariff reductionIndependent Treasury Act-restored the subtreasury system that Van Buren created1st to become president at an age less than 50only president who was Speaker of the House of Representatives1st president to have an inauguration reported by telegraph1st president to voluntarily retire1st president whose mother outlived him1846-Liberty Bell had a crack that couldnt permit it to ring it1st president to win a presidency with out being well known

Wilmot Proviso- against slavery- wasnt passedSeneca Falls Convention- Womens rights

Zachary Taylor

President #: 12thNickname: Old Rough-and-ReadyBorn: 1784 in Orange County, VirginiaEducation: Private Tutors and RelativesJobs: Army OfficerPosition When Elected: Major General in the United States Army

Political Party: WhigChief Opponent: Lewis CassTerm of Office: 1849-1850Number of Terms: one (cut short by death)Vice President: Millard FillmoreFirst Lady: Margaret Smith Taylor (wife)Mary Taylor Bliss (daughter)Children: Ann, Sarah, Mary, RichardDied: 1850 in the White House, Washington D.C.Geographic Scene: 30 statesNew States: noneWar: noneDuring His Presidency: none

Other Facts:born in a log cabinsupported Wilmot ProvisoClayton-Bulwer Treatydied in office from choleraalways wore a straw hathis daughter married Jefferson Davis- President of the Confederate Statesfought in many wars including war of 1812 and Mexican war2nd president to be elected without holding any political position beforehand

12

7/31/2019 Presidents 1-24 v2

13/22

supported California coming as a state

Millard Fillmore

President #: 13th

Nickname: Last of the WhigsBorn: 1800 in Cayuga County, New YorkEducation: Self-EducatedJobs: Lawyer, Public OfficialPosition When Elected: Vice PresidentPolitical Party: WhigChief Opponent: none; succeeded TaylorTerm of Office: 1850-153Number of Terms: one (partial)Vice President: noneFirst Lady: Abigail Powers Fillmore (after presidency, he got remarried to Caroline Macantosh)Children: Millard, Mary

Died: 1874Geographic Scene: 30 statesNew States: CaliforniaWar: noneDuring His Presidency: Elisha Otis invented the 1st elevatorOther Facts:

born in a log cabinCompromise of 1850-ended the controversy between the north and southFillmore Fugitive Slave Law-slaves who escaped to free land could be dragged back by theirmasters even from the northTreaty of Kanagawa-Commodore Perrys visit to settle a trade relationship with Japanestablished the 1st permanent library in the White House Fillmore filled more books into the

White Housebuilt his own housebecame a lawyer before presidency, ended up being one of the most prestigious law firms inNew York

completely changed Taylors cabinet1st phonehad to pay Mexico for all that land that America gotNew York Militiawife put the 1st running-water bathtub in the White Houselast president who was not a Democrat or Republicanran in again 1856 in the Know-Nothing Party he ran with Andrew Jacksons nephew (the realname for the party was the American party, but when asked about their party, they said they

knew nothing)2nd oldest of 9 kidsUncle Toms Cabin and Moby Dick were writtenSewing Machine patentedFounded the University of BuffaloNow illegal for slaves to be traded in D.C.Important: BUFFALO!!!

13

7/31/2019 Presidents 1-24 v2

14/22

Franklin Pierce

President #: 14thNickname: Handsome Frank

Born: 1804 in Hillsborough (Hillsboro), New HampshireEducation: Bowdoin CollegeJobs: Lawyer, Public OfficialPosition When Elected: In private law practicePolitical Party: DemocraticChief Opponent: Winfield ScottTerm of Office: 1853-1857Number of Terms: oneVice President: William Rufus De Vane King died in officeFirst Lady: Jane Appleton Pierce she was really Christian- anti-drinking- HATES politics-eventually ended up leaving him after presidencyChildren: Frank, Benjamin (he actually had 3, all of which died before they were 11) two of

them died from typhus, the other got decapitated right in front of Pierce and his wife, right beforepresidency his wife Its a sign!! I hate you; youre the worst husband EVER!!! thats whyhe became an alcoholic (his wife hated him)Died: 1869Geographic Scene: 31 StatesNew States: noneWar: noneDuring His Presidency: Open ports to Japan for American ShipsOther Facts:

We Polked you in 1844; we shall Pierce you in 1852basically, his party hates him, as well as his wife, his life suckshad no strong viewpoints

dark horse candidateborn in Log Cabintook his presidential oath on a Law Book instead of a biblehe was for slaveryJohn Brown- hacked 5 slavery supporters to death with a brood swordGadsden Purchase bought some land so the transcontinental railroad could go thereKansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise which was then replaced with thecompromise of Popular Sovereignty

Bloody Kansas people who came and tried to force people to vote to make Kansas a slave statewith violence

1st president to recite is inauguration by memory1st Christmas tree

only president to say I promise instead of I swear when sworn in as presidentarrested in office for running over a woman with his horse1st central heating system in White House1st president born in 19th centuryOstend Manifesto buy Cuba from Spain, or just take it it was supposed to be a secret, but thepublic found out about this plan

pretty much ruined Manifest DestinyWilliam Walker rebelled against Nicaragua and set up a new governmentPopular sovereignty

14

7/31/2019 Presidents 1-24 v2

15/22

Manifest Destiny- white people have a god given right to expand to the westThe most important during his presidency was the Transcontinental Railroad Plan so that youdont have to go all the way around South America to reach the other side of the U.S. anymore)

James Buchanan

President #: 15thNickname: Ten-Cent Jimmy, Old BuckBorn: 1791 in Cove Gap, PennsylvaniaEducation: Dickinson CollegeJobs: Lawyer, Public OfficialPosition When Elected: Minister to Great BritainPolitical Party: DemocratChief Opponent: John C. FremontTerm of Office: 1857-1861Number of Terms: oneVice President: John C. Breckinridge

First Lady: Harriet Lane (niece), never marriedChildren: noneDied: 1868 in Lancaster, PennsylvaniaGeographic Scene: 31 statesNew States: Minnesota, Oregon, KansasWar: noneDuring His Presidency: Pony Express Riders carried mail from Missouri to CaliforniaOther Facts:

only president to never have marriedDred Scott Case- free blacks are declared not citizensPanic of 1857born in a log cabinMinister to Russia under Jacksonone eye saw up close, one eye saw distant1st president to send a Trans-Atlantic telegramLecompton Constitution- attempt to bring Kansas to the Union as a slave state; refusedMountain Meadow Massacre-Paiute Indians and Mormon Militia killed people heading toCalifornia

Crittenden Compromise of 1860-hoped to stop the southern states from secedingEnglish Bill of 1858-resubmitted the Lecompton Constitution in KansasKansas QuestionAlabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Texas seceded from theUnion and called themselves the Confederate States with Jefferson Davis as president

John Brown raids Harpers Ferry, Virginia for abolitionist republicBuchanan had the opportunity to buy Cuba for only $90,000,000, but Congress wouldn't let himbecause they thought he would steal the money and run away!

Abraham Lincoln

President #: 16thNickname: Honest AbeBorn: 1809 in Hardin County (Larue County), KentuckyEducation: self-educated

15

7/31/2019 Presidents 1-24 v2

16/22

Jobs: Storekeeper, Public Official, LawyerPosition When Elected: private law practicePolitical Party: RepublicanChief Opponent: 1st term: Stephen A. Douglas, John C. Breckinridge, John Bell; 2nd term:George Brinton McClellanTerm of Office: 1861-1865

Number of Terms: two (cut short by assassination)Vice President: 1st term: Hannibal Hamlin; 2nd term: Andrew JohnsonFirst Lady: Mary Todd LincolnChildren: Robert, Edward, William, ThomasDied: 1865 in Washington, D.C.Geographic Scene: 23 United States, 11 Confederate StatesNew States: West Virginia, NevadaWar: Civil WarSlogan: Don't swap horses in the middle of the stream.During His Presidency: National income tax enactedOther Facts:

born in a log cabin

1st bearded presidenttallest president at 641st president to be photographed at his inauguration1st president to be born outside of the original 13 coloniesHomestead Act-granted applicant 160-640 acres of undeveloped land outside of the 13 coloniesMorill Tariff of 1861-helped pay for Civil WarConscription Law of 1863-all men required for military or $300 for substitute1st president to be assassinatedonly president to receive a patentall of his brothers, half brother, etc. fought for the Confederate Armyassassinated at Fords Theater by John Wilkes Boothshot on Good Friday

had a dream a week before he was shot that he was lying in a coffinEmancipation ProclamationGettysburg AddressBattle of GettysburgPicketts ChargeAnaconda Plan-plan of the Union ArmyGeneral Lee of the Confederate States surrendered in Appomattox on April 9, 1865inaugurated a national banking systemestablished the Department of Agriculturestandardized the paper currencycrafted the 13th AmendmentWillie (William), died of typhoid fever as the only son to die in the White House

mother died by drinking milk from the family cow that had eaten poisonous mushroomsslavery is abolished in Washington D.C.National Banking Actcreates a system for a national bank

Andrew Johnson

President #: 17thNickname: The Veto President

16

7/31/2019 Presidents 1-24 v2

17/22

Born: 1808 in Raleigh, North CarolinaEducation: self-educatedJobs: Tailor, Public OfficialPosition When Elected: Vice PresidentPolitical Party: Democrat, but became Vice President as the wartime Union PartyChief Opponent: none; succeeded Lincoln

Term of Office: 1865-1869Number of Terms: one (partial)Vice President: noneFirst Lady: Eliza McCardle JohnsonChildren: Martha, Charles, Mary, Robert, and Andrew, Jr.Died: 1875 in Carters Station, TennesseeGeographic Scene: 36 statesNew States: NebraskaWar: noneDuring His Presidency: U.S. purchased Alaska from Russia for $7.2 millionOther Facts:

born in a log cabin

only southern legislator who left the Confederate for the Uniondid not make an inaugural address when he became presidentdrunk at his inauguration for Vice President because of prescribed alcoholic medicineonly president to be elected into the Senate after presidencyonly president to have made his own clothes18 when he married, wife was 16wife married at the youngest age of all first ladies1st president to be visited by a queen, Queen Emma of the Sandwich Islandsburied beneath a willow he had planted from Napoleons gravesitehead was rested on a copy of the Constitution1st president to be impeached, innocent by one votereached the rank of Brigadier General in the military

17 years old when his wife taught him to read13th Amendment-freed blacks from masters14th Amendment-citizenship for African AmericansReconstructionLincoln-Johnson planReconstruction Act of 1867-set up 5 military armies in southBurlingame Treaty- treaty between US and China that established friendly relationsFreedmens Bureau Act- granted additional rights to ex-slaves; vetoed by Johnson butoverridden by Congress

Fenian Raid-Irish Fenian Brotherhood tries to take over CanadaBattle of Ridgeway-see Fenian RaidKu Klux Klan formed in 1866

Mississippi enacts a Black Code, which restricts the newly won rights of African Americans andattempts to keep the freedmen in a separate and inferior position

Ulysses S. Grant

President #: 18thNickname: Unconditional Surrender Grant, Hero of AppomattoxBorn: 1822 in Point Pleasant, Ohio

17

7/31/2019 Presidents 1-24 v2

18/22

Education: United States Military AcademyJobs: Army OfficerPosition When Elected: General of the ArmyPolitical Party: RepublicanChief Opponents: 1st term: Horatio Seymour; 2nd term: Horace GreeleyTerm of Office: 1869-1877

Number of Terms: twoVice Presidents: 1st term: Schuyler Colfax; 2nd term: Henry WilsonFirst Lady: Julia Boggs GrantChildren: Frederick, Ulysses, Ellen, JesseDied: 1885 in Mount McGregor, New YorkGeographic Scene: 37 statesNew States: ColoradoWar: noneDuring His Presidency: Joseph Gliddens barbed wire solved the problem of fencing cattleOther Facts:

fought in the Mexican and Civil Warsonly president to serve 2 terms between Andrew Johnson and Woodrow Wilson

established Yellowstone National Park as the 1st national parkestablished the Department of justice15th Amendment ratified- the right to vote regardless of raceSamana Bay Treaty of 1869-Grant and Babcock signs treaty to annex Santo DomingoTranscontinental Railroad completed in 1869construction of the Brooklyn Bridge begins in 1870Weather Bureau established in 1870Federal Election Law of 1871-federal supervision for elections in cities with 20,000+ peopleIndian Appropriations Act of 1871-all Indians made wards of the stateChicago Fire of 1871appointed the Interoceanic CanalPanic of 1873

Hawaiian Reciprocity Treaty of 1875-makes islands virtual protectorate to U.S.after presidency, took a 30-month world tour with his familywas the 1st person ever to shake hands with a Japanese emperormet Queen Victoria of Englandwent bankrupt for a time after tour because of a dishonest partnerMark Twain suggested Grant to write and autobiographywrote an autobiography few days before death and made his family $500,000scandals (not by Grant): Black Friday, Credit Mobiler, Delinquent Tax Corruption, WhiskeyRing, Belknap BriberyResumption of Species Act of 1875-allowed fractional currencyfined $20 for speeding on horsehad throat cancer but swabbed with cocaine and became addicted

changed his name from Hiram Ulysses Grant because he did not want initials to be HUGate a cucumber soaked in vinegar for breakfast everyday1st president to have both parents alive when taking officegnawed on 20 cigars a day, probably leading to deathboyhood nickname was Uselessestablished the Civil Rights Act of 1875, but Congress ruled it unconstitutionalCompromise of 1877-treaty between Ohio Republicans and southern Democrats1st president to veto a Private Pension Billowned a slave named William Jones, freed Jones when Grant needed money the most

18

7/31/2019 Presidents 1-24 v2

19/22

his wife was stalked by John Wilkes Booth on the day Lincoln was assassinated

Rutherford B. Hayes

President #: 19th

Nickname: His FraudulencyBorn: 1822 in Delaware, Ohioducation: Kenyon CollegeJobs: Lawyer, Army Officer, Public OfficialPosition When Elected: Governor of OhioPolitical Party: RepublicanChief Opponent: Samuel Jones TildenTerm of Office: 1877-1881Number of Terms: oneVice President: William Almon WheelerFirst Lady: Lucy Webb Hayes

Children: Sardis, James, Rutherford, Frances, Scott, and three sons died youngDied: 1893 in Fremont, OhioGeographic Scene: 38 statesNew States: noneWar: noneDuring His Presidency: New transcontinental speed record by rail was set by Lightning ExpressOther Facts:

ended Reconstruction and removed troops from southgood spellerwifes nickname was Lemonade Lucy because she didnt allow alcohol, smoking, dancing, cardsAlexander Graham Bell himself installed the telephone in the White HouseThomas Edison visited the First Family to show them the phonograph

Hayes held the first public Easter egg roll on the White House lawnonly president of the 5 to fight in the Civil War and get woundedhad the closest election in history, won by one electoral voteGreat Railroad Strike of 1877-a strike that starts in Maryland and lasts for a monthKnights of Labor of 1878-a organization that tried to make a self-owned company of workersPanama Canal was not built at this time, but Hayes had ideas on itExodus of 1879-mass movement ofAfrican Americans from states along the Mississippi River

to Kansas in the late nineteenth century1st president to visit the west coast while president1st Easter Egg Roll on the White House lawn

James A. Garfield

President #: 20thNickname: Preacher PresidentBorn: 1831 in Orange, OhioEducation: Williams CollegeJobs: Teacher, Army Officer, Public OfficialPosition When Elected: Member of CongressPolitical Party: Republican

19

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Americanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Americanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas

7/31/2019 Presidents 1-24 v2

20/22

Chief Opponent: Winfield S. HancockTerm of Office: 1881-1881 (assassinated)Number of Terms: one (cut short by assassination)Vice President: Chester A. ArthurFirst Lady: Lucretia Rudolph GarfieldChildren: Harry, James, Mary, Irvin, Abram, and a son and daughter died young

Died: 1881 in Elberon, New JerseyGeographic Scene: 38 statesNew States: noneWar: noneDuring His Presidency: Clara Barton founded the American Red CrossOther Facts:

Established in 1880, the Normal School for Colored Teachers, now Tuskegee University,officially opens its doors in Tuskegee, Alabama

Dark Horse Candidatelast to be born in a log cabinassassinated because he refused a job from Charles J. Guiteauworshipped with the Disciples of Christ

ambidextrous, also the 1st left-handed president1st president to campaign in more than one languagegreat oratorcould write Latin and Greek with both hands at the same time2nd president to be assassinatedmade a Pythagorean proof

Chester A. Arthur

President #: 21stNickname: Elegant Arthur, The Gentleman Boss

Born: 1829 in Fairfield, VermontEducation: Union CollegeJobs: Teacher, Lawyer, Public OfficialPosition When Elected: Vice PresidentPolitical Party: RepublicanChief Opponent: none; succeeded GarfieldTerm of Office: 1881-1885Number of Terms: one (partial)Vice President: noneFirst Lady: Mary Arthur McElroy; sisterChildren: Chester, Ellen, and a son died youngDied: 1886 in New York City

Geographic Scene: 38 statesNew States: noneWar: noneDuring His Presidency: Brooklyn Bridge completed in 1883Other Facts:

sold wagons of White House furniture for $8000had over 80 pairs of pants1st president to take the oath in his own homeissues with citizenship, may have been born in Canada

20

7/31/2019 Presidents 1-24 v2

21/22

had Brights Disease, a fatal kidney diseasePendleton Civil Service Reform Act of 1883-specified rules for government positionsStar Route Scandal of 1882-nine men indicted for defrauding the government in a postal scamChinese Exclusion Act of 1882-made Chinese immigrants unable to come to the US for 10 yearsEdmunds Act of 1882-exculded bigamists and polygamists from voting or taking officeMongrel Tariff Act-reduced rates on specific items by less than 2 percent

Extradition Treaty-a treaty between the U.S. and LuxembourgRiver and Harbor Act- vetoed but then overriddenUS Bureau of Labor is created within the Department of InteriorContract Labor Law, also known as the Foran Act, which virtually outlaws alien contract labor

Grover Cleveland

President #: 22nd and 24thNickname: Uncle JumboBorn: 1837 in Caldwell, New JerseyEducation: Public school until age 14

Jobs: Lawyer, Public OfficialPosition When Elected: Governor of New YorkPolitical Party: DemocraticChief Opponents: 1st administration: James G. Blaine; 2nd administration: Benjamin HarrisonTerm of Office: 1st administration: 1885-1889; 2nd administration: 1893-1897Number of Terms: two (nonconsecutive)Vice President: 1st administration: Thomas A. Hendricks; 2nd administration: Adlai E. StevensonFirst Lady: Rose Elizabeth Cleveland (sister), Frances Folsom Cleveland (wife)Children: Ruth, Esther, Marion, Richard, FrancesDied: 1908 in Princeton, New JerseyGeographic Scene: 1st administration: 38 states; 2nd administration: 44 statesNew States: Utah

War: noneDuring His Presidency: Statue of Liberty unveiled in New York HarborOther Facts:

only president to have a wedding in the White HousePanic of 1893Geronimo surrenderedPresidential Succession Act- specified order of successionrepealed Sherman Silver Purchase ActArgued with Britain over VenezuelaPullman Railroad Strike of 1894repealed the Tenure of Office Act1st film star president

had cancer on the roof of his mouthpaid someone else to take his place to fight in the Civil Warvetoed pension and private relief billsWilson-Gorman Tariff Bill of 1894-made 2 percent tax all incomes more than $4,000Tariff Revisions Billthe Baby Ruth candy bar is named after his daughter Ruthexecutioner while sheriff of Erie CountyAmerican Federation of Labor is createdInterstate Commerce Commission (ICC) is created to ensure fairness in the management of

21

7/31/2019 Presidents 1-24 v2

22/22

interstate railroadDawes General Allotment Act-attempts to assimilate American Indians into the dominant cultureby parceling out reservation land to individuals and families. The act also sets up a procedure bywhich Indians can become eligible for citizenship if they renounce tribal holdings

Department of Labor is establishedrenewed the Chinese Exclusion Act

Department of Agriculture is establishedUS Treasury Gold Reserve falls below $100 millionCuban revolution against Spain

Benjamin Harrison

President #: 23rdNickname: Little BenBorn: 1833 in North Bend, OhioEducation: Ohio UniversityJobs: Lawyer, Public Official

Position When Elected: United States SenatorPolitical Party: RepublicanChief Opponent: Grover ClevelandTerm of Office: 1889-1893Number of Terms: oneVice President: Levi P. MortonFirst Lady: Caroline Scott Harrison (wife); Mary Harrison McKee (daughter)Children: Russell, Mary, ElizabethDied: 1901 in Indianapolis, IndianaGeographic Scene: 38 statesNew States: Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Washington, Idaho, WyomingWar: none

During His Presidency: James Naismith started basketball using soccer balls and peach basketsOther Facts:most states added in any presidencygrandson of William Henry HarrisonDependent and Disability Pensions Act-providing benefits to Union veterans as well as to their

children and widowswife was affected with tuberculosiselectric lights installed in the White HouseHomestead Steel StrikeMcKinley Tariff Act-Average duties on manufactured goods are increased to 49.5 percentSherman Anti-Trust Act-forbids business practices that restrain trade and commerce or attempt

to created monopolies

Sherman Silver Purchase Act-permits the Treasury to buy 4.5 million ounces of silver eachmonthAnti-Lottery Bill of 1890Queen Liliuokalani loses power in Hawaii