Presidential LeadershipChapter 9

Constitutional PowersPresidential Powers in Article II

Commander in chief of the armed forces Responsible for national security Appoints heads of executive

departmentsWith Senate confirmation

Conducts foreign policy Appoints federal judges Pardon or reduce sentences Ensure all laws are “faithfully executed” Deliver a State of the Union address

Informal Sources of Power Personal Exercise of Power

Presidents expand based on their personal views

Immediate Needs of the Nation Add powers to defend the nation Congress grants special powers

during emergencies Mandate of the People

Expressed will of the people Use media to get their message

out to the people

Limits on Executive PowerCongress can:

Override a veto Confirm presidential appointees Approve the budget Use the impeachment

process to remove the president from office

Limits on Executive Power Judicial Branch

Judicial Review From Marbury v. Madison

Bureaucracy Obstruct programs unintentionally by

failing to provide information Misinterpret instructions Fail to complete a task properly

Public Opinion Cannot carry out a program without

favorable public opinion