President TJ (1801-1809)

8.19a -Summarize the issues, decisions and significance of landmark Supreme Court cases including Marbury v. Madison 8.16d -Analyze how the U.S. Constitution reflects the principle of separation of powers and checks and balances

The 3rd President• After a difficult election,

Thomas Jefferson became the 3rd President of the United States in 1801

• His presidency is significant for many reasons

The 3rd President• He was the first president from the

Democratic-Republican Party.

Beliefs of TJ• Jefferson believed in

state’s rights (the right of the states to govern themselves.)

• He felt that a large national government threatened the liberties of citizens.

Beliefs of TJ• TJ also believed in laissez-faire (hands-off)

government.• He felt that people should be left free to do as they choose.

Events of Jefferson’s presidency• Jefferson’s presidency was marked by 3 key events that you need to

know.

1. The Louisiana Purchase (1803)• Before Jefferson took office, a man named Napoleon

Bonaparte had become emperor of France.• Napoleon had been taking over practically all of Europe,

leading to a war with Britain.

1. The Louisiana Purchase• Desperate for cash, Napoleon looked to sell France’s colonies in North

America.

• Napoleon sold Louisiana to the US for about $15 million dollars

So what. . .• The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of

the United States!

Before

After

So what. . .• It inspired Manifest Destiny (the belief that

America was to spread WEST to the Pacific Ocean.)

So what. . .• The US had

complete control of the Mississippi River and all the rivers that flowed into it.

2. Marbury v. Madison (1803)• Marbury, a judge appointed by John Adams,

sued when Madison fired him.

2. Marbury v. Madison (1803)• Supreme Court case that determined the

Court’s right to judicial review (the court’s power to declare laws unconstitutional.)

Did you know. . . When judges review cases, they always snack on M&M’s?

3. The Embargo Act (1807)• As the war with France went on, Britain,

desperate for soldiers, began impressment (kidnap American sailors and force them into military service.)

3. The Embargo Act (1807)• Jefferson desperately wanted to avoid war.• The Embargo Act cut off all trade with Britain

and France

An embargo is when a nation cuts off trade with another in hopes of forcing the nation to do something.While this cartoon is about the current US embargo on Cuba, it demonstrates what an embargo is.

3. The Embargo Act (1807)• It backfired, because it hurt American

merchants more than the British and French