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Presentation made at the Faculty of Archival Science, Bucharest, Romania
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ARCHIVAL OF ARCHIVAL OF ELECTRONIC ELECTRONIC INFORMATIONINFORMATION
Lucia StefanArchiva Ltd
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Digital preservation basics
Digital preservation challenges
Digital preservation principles and strategies
The OAIS Reference Model
Digital preservation
DIGITAL PRESERVATION CHALLENGES
Technical challenges Uncertain lifetimes for hardware Hardware and software obsolescence
Conceptual challenges: Three levels of information :
Physical layer – bitstream Logical layer – file format Conceptual layer – web pages, documents, etc
Which of these layers we want to preserve? What we can do?
OAIS REFERENCE MODEL
Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS) ISO 14721:2003 Space data and information
transfer systems -- Open archival information system -- Reference model
Defines: Common vocabulary (definitions of key concepts) Information model (information packages, metadata,
etc.) Functional model (six functional entities) Mandatory responsibilities
OAIS REFERENCE MODEL (3)
Administration
Ingest
ArchivalStorage
Access
DataManagement
Descriptive info.
PRODUCER
CONSUMER
MANAGEMENT
queries
result sets
Descriptive info.
Preservation Planning
orders
OAIS Functional Entities (Figure 4-1)
SIP
SIP
SIP
DIP
DIP
AIP AIP
OAIS REFERENCE MODEL
OAIS Information Model:Defines the “Information Packages” required
Ingest (Submission Information Package) Storage (Archival Information Package) Access (Dissemination Information Package)
All objects are wrapped in multiple layers of metadata (Representation Information, Descriptive Information, Packaging, etc.)
DIGITAL PRESERVATION PRINCIPLES
Based on life-cycle management i.e. a continous programme of active
management both managerial and technical processes as in
the OAIS Reference Model
Wherever possible, retain also the original bitstream
Encapsulation Surrounding the digital object with all of the
information needed to decode and understand it (including software)
STRATEGIES FOR PRESERVATION Four different strategies proposed:
Conservation
Refreshment of Data o Change of mediumo Continuity of bitstream
Emulationo Recreation of hardware and software
Migrationo Transferring formato Change in bitstream
PRESERVATION SUPPORT ON INGEST
Formats can be identified and validated on ingest or deposit into a repository JHOVE (JSTOR/Harvard Object Validation
Environment) PRONOM, DROID (The National Archives)
Metadata Some tools exist for the automatic capture of metadata
Standardisation on ingest Adoption of open or non-proprietary standards, e.g.
databases structured in XML, uncompressed images, 'preservation friendly' standards like PDF/A
TRAC CRITERIA AND CHECKLIST(TRUSTED REPOSITORY AUDIT AND CERTIFICATION)
TRAC criteria cover three main aspects:
Organisational Infrastructure: Governance & organizational viability Organizational structure & staffing Procedural accountability Financial sustainability Contracts, licenses, & liabilities
TRAC CRITERIA AND CHECKLIST
Digital Object ManagementIngest: Acquisition of contentIngest: creation of the archivable packagePreservation planning Archival storage & preservation/maintenanceInformation managementAccess management
Technologies, Technological Infrastructure &Security
