PresenterDivesh KumarPh.D. Scholar

Department of Management Studies

Sustainability through e-learning – Is it possible?

The Eighth International Conference on

eLearning for Knowledge-Based Society

"eLearning, m Learning, u Learning, and Social Networking"

•Elkington (1994) defined three pillars of sustainability as: environmental, social and economical

•Consuming today - considering the future generation

Sustainability

•Carter and Roger, (2008) defined Sustainable Supply Chain Management as

“the strategic achievement and integration of an organization’s social, environmental, and economic goals through the systemic coordination of key inter-

organizational business processes to improve the long-term economic performance of the individual

company and its value network”

Sustainable supply chain

•Mahler (2004) said sustainability can be achieved when it is adopted across whole supply chain, which provides new direction in the supply chain research.

•Supply chain is synonyms to the relationship management in business context

Why Sustainability Across Supply Chain

•It is also found in the literature that relationship is taken as collaboration, coordination, and joint development, integration, aligning activities, trust, involvement and influence on each other

•Taking supply chain in mind many authors has started advocated the importance of relationship management for the sustainability adoption.

•Information sharing and gathering is one of the strategy for the relationship management

Why Relationship Management

Evidence of relationshipsCoordination Bommel, 2010, Carter and Rogers 2008, Darnall, 2008, Hall, J., 2000, Hong et al,

2009, Matos and Hall, 2007, Bitzer et al, 2008, Keatinga et al, 2008, Senge, 2011Trust Bai and Sarkis, 2010, Peters et al, 2011, Matos and Hall, 2007,

Long and strong suppply chain relationship

Bommel, 2010, Teuteberg and Wittstruck, 2010, Asif et, al, 2008, Hutchins and Sutherland, 2008,

Stakeholder relationship and engagement

Zutshi and Sohal, 2004, Peters et al, 2011, Matos and Hall, 2007, Rocha et al, 2007

Cooperation Bommel, 2010, Klassen and Vachon, 2003, Zhu and Sarkis, 2008, Lee, 2008, Vachon and Klassen, 2008

Supply chain Partners Involvement

Holt and Ghobadian, 2009, Rao and Holt, 2005, Bai and Sarkis, 2010, Hong et al, 2009, Bitzer et al, 2008,

Partnership Bommel, 2010, Svensson, 2007, Klassen and Vachon, 2003, Zhu and Sarkis, 2008, Aligning Supply chain activities

Hutchins and Sutherland, 2008

Integration with Supply Chain Partners

Bommel, 2010, Carter and Rogers 2008, Rao and Holt, 2005, Walker et al, 2008, Vachon and Klassen, 2008, Routroy, 2009, Vachon and Klassen, 2006, Bai and Sarkis, 2010, Hong et al, 2009, Koplin et al, 2007, Olorunniwo and Li, 2010, Handfield, 2005, Rocha et al, 2007, Ciliberti, 2008, Zhu and Sarkis, 2004, Kushwaha, 2011, Cai et al, 2008, Muller et al, 2009, Walton et al, 1998, Brito et al, 2008, Curkovic and Sroufe, 2010, Fortes, 2009,

Collabration Klassen and Vachon, 2003, Nakano and Hirao, 2011, Walker et al, 2008, Joint Development Programs

Seuring and Muller, 2008, Vachon and Klassen, 2008, Simpson et al, 2007, Florida, 1996, Senge, 2011

influence- Power Use and code of conducts

Clemens and Douglus, 2006, Eltayeba et al, 2011, Michelsen, 2007

How the information should be gathered and shared?

Evidences shows that companies are adopting video conferencing, online training courses, and other activities to share the information, knowledge and experience with other companies.

How to Manage Relationship?

Information Sharing and gathering Bommel, 2010, Wu and Pagell, 2011, Klassen and Vachon, 2003, Incentives and financial support Michelsen, 2007, Simpson and Power, 2005, Keatinga et al, 2008, Supplier development Bommel, 2010, Wu and Pagell, 2011, Seuring and Muller, 2008, Koplin et al, 2007,

Handfield, 2005, Michelsen, 2007, Allocation and sharing of resources and responsibilities

Zutshi and Sohal, 2004, Rocha et al, 2007, Ni et al, 2010, Ageron et al, 2011,

Sharing of ideas and suggestions Zutshi and Sohal, 2004, Feedback Zutshi and Sohal, 2004, Training Program Zutshi and Sohal, 2004, Holt and Ghobadian, 2009, Awareness Programs Zutshi and Sohal, 2004, Rao and Holt, 2005, Zhu et al, 2007Supplier Certification Bommel, 2010, Wu and Pagell, 2011, Sahring historical data Attaran and Attaran, 2007, Joint Development Programs and integration

Salam, 2008, Holt and Ghobadian, 2009,

Waste Reduction Salam, 2008, Vachon and Klassen, 2006, Daugherty, 2011, Training Salam, 2008, Vachon and Klassen, 2006, Rao, 2002, Peters et al, 2011, Environmental Solution Salam, 2008, Vachon and Klassen, 2008, New Material and product Salam, 2008, Olorunniwo and Li, 2010, Handfield, 2005, Joint Planning Vachon and Klassen, 2008, Vachon and Klassen, 2006, Goal setting Vachon and Klassen, 2008, Olorunniwo and Li, 2010, Matos and Hall, 2007, Technology Deployment and development Rao, 2002, Koplin et al, 2007, Handfield, 2005, Attaran and Attaran, 2007, Design Rao, 2002, Olorunniwo and Li, 2010, Ciliberti, 2008, Process Salam, 2008, Olorunniwo and Li, 2010, Rocha et al, 2007, Cai et al, 2008, Attaran and

Attaran, 2007, Supplier Mentoring Holt and Ghobadian, 2009, Hamprecht et al, 2005, Smith, 2007, Supplier selection Hutchins and Sutherland, 2008, Michelsen, 2007, Ciliberti, 2008, Brito et al, 2008, Knowledge Sharing Klassen and Vachon, 2003, Smith, 2007, Vachon and Klassen, 2008, Darnall, 2008, Suppliers evaluation and assesment Klassen and Vachon, 2003, Ytterhus, 1999, Darnall, 2008, Vachon and Klassen, 2006,

Vachon, 2007, Supplier Audit Zhu and Sarkis, 2008, Hamprecht et al, 2005, Seuring and Muller, 2008, Supplier Monitoring Hamprecht et al, 2005, Seuring and Muller, 2008, Smith, 2007,

•Not like as university

•Spread across supply chain

E Learning

Supplier's Supplier Supplier Focal

Company Buyer Buyer’s Buyer

•Real Time sharing of Information

•Workshop, Training

E-learning and Barriers to Sustainability

Better deal with the barriers to sustainability adoption like

•lack of education

•poor demand forecasting

•failure to coordinate

•Lack of awareness about sustainability and related processes

Poor demnd Forecasting Carter and Rogers 2008, Faliure to Coordinate Carter and Rogers 2008, Poor Supplier Quality Carter and Rogers 2008, Increased Cost of adoption Carter and Rogers 2008, Salam, 2008, Wu and Pagell, 2011, Rao and Holt, 2005, Walker et al, 2008,

Darnall, 2008, Seuring and Muller, 2008, Bai and Sarkis, 2010, Rao, 2002, Zhu and Sarkis, 2004, Carter and Jenning, 2002, Kushwaha, 2011, Linton et al, 2007, Ageron et al, 2011, Cai et al, 2008, Muller et al, 2009, Bowen et al, 2001, Simpson and Power, 2005, Markley and Devis, 2007, Luthra et al, 2011, Buyukozkan and Cifci, 2010,

Lack of Integration/ cordination/ cooperation across supply chain

Asif et, al, 2008, Seuring and Muller, 2008, Vachon, 2007,

Lack of government support Zutshi and Sohal, 2004,Lack of Training Zutshi and Sohal, 2004, , Walker et al, 2008Lack of Education Zutshi and Sohal, 2004, Lee, 2008,Low Expertise Zutshi and Sohal, 2004, Lee, 2008, Hall, 2000, Bai and Sarkis, 2010, Bitzer et al, 2008, Vermeulen et

al, 2006, Elkington, 1994, less Money Zutshi and Sohal, 2004, Klassen and Vachon, 2003, Smith, 2007, Lee, 2008, Simpson and Power,

2005, Resistance from Partners for change Zutshi and Sohal, 2004, Lee, 2008, Vachon, 2007, Florida, 1996, Ageron et al, 2011, Luthra et al,

2011, Poor Supplier Commitment Diabata and Givindanb, 2011, Rao and Holt, 2005, Industry Specific Barriers Diabata and Givindanb, 2011, Walker et al, 2008Focus on Short term Profitibility Wu and Pagell, 2011, Lack of information and its Sharing Wu and Pagell, 2011, Walker et al, 2008, Lee, 2008, Seuring and Muller, 2008, Vachon, 2007, Zhu

and Sarkis, 2004, Luthra et al, 2011, Lack of technology and its transfer Wu and Pagell, 2011, Klassen and Vachon, 2003, Lee, 2008, Bitzer et al, 2008, Zhu and Sarkis, 2004, Human resources capability Wu and Pagell, 2011, Lee, 2008, Ageron et al, 2011, Markley and Devis, 2007, Luthra et al, 2011, perception of Low economic return and performance

Nakano and Hirao, 2011, Ageron et al, 2011, Cai et al, 2008, Bowen et al, 2001, Simpson and Power, 2005, Keatinga et al, 2008, Fortes, 2009, Luthra et al, 2011,

Lack of Knowledge and its sharingSmith, 2007, Lee, 2008, Bai and Sarkis, 2010, Vachon, 2007, Bitzer et al, 2008, Ageron et al, 2011, Elkington, 1994,

Lack of awareness Rao and Holt, 2005, Bitzer et al, 2008, Luthra et al, 2011,

E-learning and Relationship Management

Proper monitoring and controlling of supply chain partner’s operations by

•Information sharing

•Training

•knowledge sharing

to develop mutual trust among supply chain partners.

Helping and understanding partners need and fulfilling it with the e learning activities is one of the strategies for relationship management.

Conceptual model with prepositions

E learning Activities

Barriers

Relationship Management

Intention to adopt

sustainability

P 1: E learning activities have positive impact on the supply chain partner’s relationship.P 2: E learning activities have negative impact on the barriers to the sustainability adoptionP 3: E learning activities directly related to intention to adopt sustainability.P 4: Quality of relationship is negatively related to barriers to sustainability adoptionP 5: Quality of relationship is directly related to the intention to adopt sustainability.P 6: Decrease in the intensity of barriers is directly related to the intention to adopt sustainability

Conceptual model with prepositions

Proposed Research Methodology

•Group of companies listed in some association, industry specific, and combination of the industries. Most of the previous research has been done in automobile industry.

•The sample size has been taken at the different rate of the sample like 10%, 15% and 20% of the universe.

•A proper questionnaire is to be developed with the help of literature and experts from the universe of the study. Statistical tools for the validation and reliability check was CFA.

•Multiple regressions, logistic regression and other. In recent studies use of SEM has been increased to test the proposed model. AHP can be used for assigning the weight for each barrier.

Thank You