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Presented to: REACT Workshop
By: Jay Merkle
Date:25 June 2008
Federal AviationAdministration
High Density Airport Time-based RNAV/RNP NextGen/JPDO Demonstrations
3D Path Arrival Management (PAM) Project
2Federal AviationAdministration
NextGen High Density Airports Theme
Table of ContentsTable of Contents• The Team
• Executive Summary – What is 3D PAM
• Project Status
• Detailed Description of the Concept
• High Level Schedule
3Federal AviationAdministration
NextGen High Density Airports Theme
Team MembersNextGen Transportation System
Joint Planning and Development Office
4Federal AviationAdministration
NextGen High Density Airports Theme
3D PAM – FAA, NASA and Industry Leads for Coordination:
– Marc Buntin - Project Lead
– Richard Coppenbarger - EDA Principal Investigator
– Ewald Schoemig – FD Concept Lead, FD HITL Sims
– Doug Sweet - EDA SW development
5Federal AviationAdministration
NextGen High Density Airports Theme
Executive Summary(The Problem)
• Significant congestion exists today in the arrival and departures streams of medium to large airports
• Air Traffic Controllers frequently sequence traffic
– Diminishes capacity and efficiency
– Problem will not improve without intervention
• 3D Path Arrival Management operational concept is an initial intervention in advance of NextGen 4D trajectory operations to address this problem.
6Federal AviationAdministration
NextGen High Density Airports Theme
Executive Summary(The solution – 3D PAM)
• Efficient and predictable method to deliver aircraft from the TOD to a metering fix: – Requires: New automation support tool
(TMA enhancement) and modern FMS
• Allows the aircraft to fly an efficient, optimized descent arrival trajectory from cruise to meter fix
• The automation provides the clearance for the ATC to send to an aircraft
– Clearance issued via voice (Future: domestic datalink)
• Clearance is manually loaded into the FMS for execution
– The FMS executes the clearance taking advantage of RNAV / RNP capabilities
7Federal AviationAdministration
NextGen High Density Airports Theme
3D PAM Concept Definition
• Efficient and predictable method to deliver aircraft from the TOD to a metering fix in medium/high traffic demand:
• New automation support tool (TMA enhancement) and • Modern FMS
• Ground automation provides conflict-free, trajectory-based clearance advisories to ATC
– Clearance issued via voice (Future: domestic datalink)
• Trajectory-based clearances are FMS executed in the airplane:– Utilization of existing aircraft navigation capabilities (LNAV, VNAV, RNP)
3D Path Arrival Management concept is an initial intervention to 4D Trajectory Based Operations, providing efficiency benefits in today’s operational environment
8Federal AviationAdministration
NextGen High Density Airports Theme
Primary Expected Benefits• Improved flight efficiency:
– Reliable / Efficient routing
– Optimum speed and altitude profiles
– Reduced fuel burn, emissions and environmental impact
• Operational efficiency improvements:– Improved meter fix delivery accuracies
– Delay reduction
– Reduced frequency and duration of voice communications
• Increase controller productivity– Reduced workload from trajectory clearances
• Increased flight path predictability and repeatability– Flight path execution with airplane navigation accuracies
– Improved air/ground situational awareness
9Federal AviationAdministration
NextGen High Density Airports Theme
Required Navigation Performance (RNAV/RNP) and 3D Path Operations
• Operational Environment – Arrival Transition:– Path stretching is required when speed control is insufficient to achieve spacing– ATC uses automation tools to select conflict free path and speed to space traffic– Voice based clearances for all aircraft– FMS execution of cleared flight paths
• 3D Path Design:– Lateral path design enables FMS-based execution with LNAV, not heading
commands RNP• En-route: “Place/Bearing/Distance” or lateral offsets• Arrival transition: “Place/Bearing/Distance” (PBD)• Terminal Area: Pre-defined 3D paths, published and available in air and on ground
– Vertical flight path enables VNAV execution by the aircraft:• FMS optimizes the vertical profile:
Continuous Descent Arrivals (CDA) in high traffic conditions
10Federal AviationAdministration
NextGen High Density Airports Theme
MeterFix
Pre-Defined 3D Path Setsin Terminal Area
3D Paths in Arrival Management - Overview
Triangular Delay Paths in Center:Waypoint Insertion Using
Place-Bearing Distance (PBD)– Cleared Using Voice
Path StretchStart
Path Stretch
End
TOD
3D PAM Target Domain
• Ground automation maximizes airport throughput and flight efficiency
– Computes schedule at runways and meter fixes
– Selects cruise/descent speeds and lateral path
stretch to meet schedule
• ATC provides complete flight path
from cruise to Meter Fix
• Allows FMS to fly optimal vertical profile
• LNAV/RNP/VNAV execution of flight path
• Enables trajectory-based operations
11Federal AviationAdministration
NextGen High Density Airports Theme
Typical Arrival Paths and Vectoring Areas in High Demand
Heavy Traffic Flow Through Four Corner Posts
Requires Path Stretching
HOAGIROKIT
TEXNNDAISETTA
STROS
TRINITY
LISSE
GLAND
COLET
SEALY
CUZZ
to J29
to JCT
to IDU
IAH
HOU
HOAGIROKIT
TEXNNDAISETTA
STROS
TRINITY
LISSE
GLAND
COLET
SEALY
CUZZ
to J29
to JCT
to IDU
COLET
SEALY
CUZZ
to J29
to JCT
to IDU
IAH
HOU
ZFW/ZHUCenter Boundary
Houston TRACON Boundary
12Federal AviationAdministration
NextGen High Density Airports Theme
Arrival Management AutomationTraffic Management (TMA) andEn Route Descent Advisor (EDA) Functions
Required: EDAFunctionality
13Federal AviationAdministration
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3D Paths in Arrival Management: Supporting Ground Automation
Path-Based Advisory to Meet the Schedule:En-Route Descent Advisor (EDA) Functionality
ETA
STAOriginal path
EGF586 P/DAS 052 061 P/DAS C/250 D/240
Stretched Path
Meter Fix:DAS
Flight: EGF586
Distance: 61nm
Mag. North
Bearing:52 deg
Clearance issuedBefore TOD
Meter Fix Schedule:Traffic Management Advisor
(TMA)
14Federal AviationAdministration
NextGen High Density Airports Theme
Arrival Management Event Sequence - Center
15Federal AviationAdministration
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3D PAM – Clearance and Aircraft Types• Strategic 3D Path clearances:
– Issued after TMA freeze horizon and before TOD– Path stretch based on Place-Bearing Distance (PBD) – Conflict free EDA type advisories consist of new cruise/descent speeds,
lateral path stretch, and intermediate altitude (for conflicts only)
• Tactical 3D Path clearances – issued if required:– Strategic clearance could not be implemented– EDA time-based monitoring: Meter fix ETA out of compliance – Combined speed and path stretch advisory based on PBD
• Considered Aircraft Types:
Equipage Level
Capability
3DPBD capable, LNAV, VNAV and FMC/CDU based cruise/descent speed change
2D PBD capable; Only LNAV
Non-equipped No PBD capability, No LNAV, VNAV capabilities
16Federal AviationAdministration
NextGen High Density Airports Theme
3D PAM Core FY08 Activities• Project plans for FY08 focuses on four
main areas
– Development of the overall 3D PAM Concept
• ATC / Flight deck perspective
– Continued development of EDA functionality
– Initiation of the Concept Requirements Definition phase of AMS process
– Definition of Functional Requirements Specification
(Acquisition strategy TBD)
17Federal AviationAdministration
NextGen High Density Airports Theme
High Level Schedule
FY08Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
FY09 FY10 FY11Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
FY12
ATC / FD Centric Simulations
OMB / JPDO Demonstrations
Fast Time Sims.
Metrics ID / Initial Metrics Plan
CRD Process
IARD Process
Flight Trials
JRC – 2A
Flight Demo (Denver, CO)Integrated Sim DemoBoeing (Seattle, WA)
Initial Benefits Analysis
• All work is being conducted in collaboration with following offices: TMA and ERAM
• Organizational partners: JPDO, ATO-E, ATO-R, ATO-T
• JRC-2A lead most likely ATO-E (Acquisition strategy is TBD)
Tech Transfer – EDA Functionality
18Federal AviationAdministration
NextGen High Density Airports Theme
Summary
3D Paths provide a feasible near term operational
concept: Based on integrated use of current FMS capabilities and advanced
ground automation (TMA, EDA-type functionality)
Feasible in today’s operational environment
Provides near term efficiency benefits – enables CDA operations
from TOD to meter fix
Crucial step towards Trajectory Based Operations in NextGen
Enables transition to integrated data link operations
Mixed equipage accommodation in future concepts
Initial implementation domain from cruise to meter fixes