Presented to:

By:

Date:

Federal AviationAdministrationCrew Resource

Management

Human Factors in Air Traffic Control

ARAST; Bangkok, Thailand

Glenn W. Michael, Air Traffic Manager Boston ARTCC

November 19, 2008

Federal AviationAdministration

2Crew Resource Management – Human Factors in Air Traffic ControlNovember 19, 2008

Crew Resource ManagementHuman Factors in Air Traffic Control

This workshop covers:• Improving Teamwork• Improving Individual Performance• Threat and Error Management

Federal AviationAdministration

3Crew Resource Management – Human Factors in Air Traffic ControlNovember 19, 2008

CRM is used by hazardous technology, high reliability, high performance teams

• Airline flight crews worldwide• Air Traffic Controllers• Astronauts• Airline Flight Attendants• Airline Dispatchers• Surgical Teams

Federal AviationAdministration

4Crew Resource Management – Human Factors in Air Traffic ControlNovember 19, 2008

United States CRM Background

• 1979 – NASA’s “Resource Management on the Flightdeck”• 1981 – United Airlines developed the first airline CRM• 1985 – ZSE’s Controller Awareness and Resource Training• 1992 – Air Traffic Teamwork Enhancement (ATTE)• 1999 – DEN controllers and supervisor developed CRM• 2005 – ATO Safety began sponsoring CRM nationally• 2008 – ATO CRM DVD distributed to all AT Facilities

CRM is now a partnership between ATO Safety, Training, Terminal, En Route, and System Operations

Federal AviationAdministration

6Crew Resource Management – Human Factors in Air Traffic ControlNovember 19, 2008

Why We Should Use CRM

• Skilled controllers are vulnerable to human error

• Human factors cause or contribute to up to 80 percent of all aviation accidents, and nearly all ATC operational errors

• Tragic consequences require us to use countermeasures to reduce both the rates and the numbers of errors and accidents

Federal AviationAdministration

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CRM Effectiveness

• “CRM provides a primary line of defense against the many threats to aviation safety”

• “Considerable evidence shows the effectiveness of CRM”

Federal AviationAdministration

8Crew Resource Management – Human Factors in Air Traffic ControlNovember 19, 2008

What is the CRM Workshop

• Human factors principles and methods from the world’s leading experts are presented

• You – the ATC experts – discuss and record how you can apply these principles and methods in your own facility

• Planned follow-up – facility feedback report, action planning, posters, quarterly refreshers, newsletters, and recurrent courses

(CRM-2, CRM-3, etc.)

Federal AviationAdministration

9Crew Resource Management – Human Factors in Air Traffic ControlNovember 19, 2008

How – The Workshop Guidelines

• The focus is on your operations• The dialogue is among you and your teams• Keep group discussions on schedule• No time for a venting session• Share the floor• Please respect others in what we do and say • Side conversations are distracting; one-liners are

great• Have fun!

Federal AviationAdministration

10Crew Resource Management – Human Factors in Air Traffic ControlNovember 19, 2008

CRM – 101 DVD

• CRM DVDs are available for all States• Can be used by an individual controller or a

team• Stresses teamwork and individual

performance• Easy to use and schedule….It is only 33

minutes in length