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Presented by: USA Biogas
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Ø 27% of all food that is produced (grown, raised, harvested and marketed) is thrown away.
Ø It is estimated that annually over $1.0 billion is spent to dispose of the food.
Source: 2001 JRR Recycling Market Development Roundtable
The State of Food Waste in the U.S.
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Food Waste ~ MSW
Source: EPA Office of Solid Waste, Municipal Solid Waste Fact Sheet www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/facts.htm
Ø Decomposition of food wastes in landfills rapidly form leachate and result in methane gas (greenhouse gas).
Ø The organic acid leachate created by the decomposition leaches metals from the waste in the landfill
Food Waste ~ Recycled
Ø There are approximately 27.6 million tons of food waste generated with only 2.7% recovered, leaving 26.5 tons going to our nations landfills.
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Ø Highly putrescible material making odors a problem.~ Incoming material must be
handled in a timely fashionØ Due to odors, large capital
investment for indoor facilities.Ø Inconsistent regulatory site and
operational standards.Ø Low tip fees at landfills make it
not economically viable.Ø Operational concerns:
~ Inconsistent daily flows~ Varying percent solids~ Site vector control~ Packaging includes plastics,
paper~ Increasing operational costs
due to corrosive environment
Food Waste Composting ~ Barriers
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Food Waste ~ What next?
And Composting has:
Ø High capital expendituresØ Rising operational costsØ Odor potential
If Land Filling Causes:
Ø Environmental concerns~ Leachate~ Green house gas production
What can be done with the 26.5 million tons of waste?
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Energy
Energy Recovery (CHPS)
Biomass
Gas Storage
Polishing Digester
Receiving Hopper
Main Digester
Biogas
Digestate Tank
Major components of high solids AD system:
Ø Receiving hoppers for liquid and solids materialØ Digester(s)Ø Gas StorageØ Combined Heat & Power System (CHPS)
Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Process ~ High Solids
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BiogasMethane and Carbon Dioxide
(CH4 and CO2)
LigninLigninProteinProteinSugarSugarFatsFatsMineralsMinerals
InorganicOrganic
Biomass
Process whereby organic matter is broken down by microbiologicalactivity and takes place in the absence of oxygen.
Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Process ~ Biological
Digestate N,P,K
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Ø Basic Control Parameters~ Organic loading rate~ Temperature – 95oF~ Mixing~ Retention time~ Carbon to Nitrogen ratio
(C:N).
Anaerobic Digestion (AD) ~ Control Parameter
Ø ADS is a two part process performed by specific groups of organisms.
~ Initially, organic matter is broken down into simple organic compounds by acid-forming bacteria.
~ Next, the methane-formers, breakdown the acids into methane and carbon dioxide.
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Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Process ~ Digestate
Ø Digestion process draws the carbon, hydrogen and oxygen from the feedstock leaving essentially the plant nutrients (N,P,K) largely in the digestate.
Ø The availability of nutrients is higher in the digestate than in untreated organic wastes. Nutrients are mineralized to allow more efficient plant uptake.
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Hydrogen Sulfide,
Ammonia & Water Vapor
5%Carbon Dioxide
30%
Methane65%
Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Process ~ Biogas
Content:Ø 60 to 70% methane.Ø 30 to 40% carbon dioxide.Ø Trace amounts of hydrogen
sulfide, ammonia & water vapor.
Heat Value:Ø Biogas is 650 Btu per cubic foot. Ø Compared to natural gas at 1,000
Btu per cubic foot.
<
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Traditional AD Systems are:
Ø Low solids, large footprintØ Mesophilic temperatureØ Long retention timesØ Extensive capital investment
Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Process ~ Traditional Systems
DevelopmentDevelopment of aGerman Company
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Anaerobic Digestion (AD) ~ Schmack Development
1995: Construction of the first Schmack biogas plant (EUCO® brand) in the form of a horizontal steel tank with a capacity of 22kW.
1997: Construction of the first concrete EUCO®with a capacity of 160 kW.
2001: Construction of Lower Saxony’s largest agricultural biogas plant with a capacity of 800 kW.
2004: Construction of Europe’s largest biogas plant based on corn silage with a capacity of 1,065 kW.
2005: Construction of Germany’s most modern waste biogas plant with a capacity of 3,000 kW.
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Increasin
g the installed electri
cal capacity
of a plant 136
-fold!
1995: 22 kW
1997: 160 kW
2001: 800 kW
2004: 1,065 kW
2005: 3,000 kW
Plant Performance
Schmack Biogas AG has been focusing all of its activities on the biogas industry for over 10 years. With a current total of over 130 built plants and an installed capacity of approximately 35 MW, Schmack technologysupplies about 70,000 4-person households with electricity around the clock.
Anaerobic Digestion (AD) ~ Schmack Development
Your benefits:
Standardized designSecure plant technologyBiological + technical service
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Anaerobic Digestion (AD) ~ St. Veit
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Dewatered digested solids
Anaerobic Digestion (AD) ~ St. Veit
Power generation
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Ø Agricultural waste
Ø Human waste
Ø Animal waste
Ø Yard waste
Ø Food waste
Other wastes that could benefit from the high-solids AD process:
AD System ~ Potential High Solid Feedstocks
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Ø The amount of animal waste produced in the US is 130 times greater than the amount of human waste. (Source: US Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition & Forestry “Animal Waste Pollution in America: Environmental Risks of Livestock & Poultry Production)
Animal Waste ~ A closer look
Ø Human vs. Animal Counts ~ Human race (worldwide) 6.4 billion
• Americans 297 million~ Swine 103 million (US)~ Beef cattle 58 million (US)~ Turkeys 300 million (US)~ Chickens 7.6 billion (US)
(processed each year)(Source: Scripps Howard 1998)
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Ø Odor reduction by 80%.Ø Enclosed process with a low risk of air and water emissions.
~ In the case of treating animal waste, soil and water pollution reduction.
Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Benefits ~ Environmental
Ø Stabilized waste that has nutrient content.
Ø Pathogens are killed.
Ø Maximizes recycling benefits.
Ø Reduction in greenhouse gases as a result of diversion of the wastes to the landfill.
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Ø Fuel boilers for heating.
Ø Combined Heat and Power Units (CHPU) Produced Electricity and Heat.
Ø Fuel for vehicles, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG).
Ø Fuel for fuel cells.
Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Benefits ~ Application of Biogas
ConclusionsConclusions
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Ø Current composting operations are situated on 15 acres with 5 acres under roof.
Ø A High Solids AD System would require just over 1 acre.
Conclusion ~ Land Requirements
Example: Treating 92 MG or 15,000 DT
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Conclusion ~ An engineered site
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Thank you for your interest in USA Biogas, world leader in biogas technology.
PH:216.986.9999 Fax:216.986.9999info@Schmack Bio-Energy.comwww.Schmack Bio-Energy.com
Schmack Bio-Energy, LLC.PO Box 310237624 Riverview RoadCleveland, Ohio 44131
Kurtz Bros. Central Ohio LLC6279 Houchard RdDublin, OH 43016