Presented by Chris Hudd - St Leonard's College...2019/02/09 · the structure that has been injured, and the type of damage caused. Type of Injury Eg Acute direct injury Structure

© Chris Hudd & Edrolo 2016

Presented by Chris Hudd

Study design dot points:

• causes of potential acute and chronic injuries and illness associated with

the muscular and skeletal systems such as arthritis, osteoporosis and other

musculoskeletal conditions

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Unit 1Area of study 1

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This lesson

Common musculoskeletal injuries

Osteoporosis Arthritis

Types of injuries

Acute Chronic

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Injuries are classified in a very simple way based on how the injury was caused, the structure that has been injured, and the type of damage caused.

Type of Injury

Eg Acute direct injury

Structure that is injured

Eg Abdominal region

Nature of the injury

Eg Strained abdominal muscle

Types of injuries

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Types of injuries

Acute Chronic

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An acute injury is a sudden injury where we experience pain and loss of function immediately.

They are further classified as:

Direct injury

Caused by an external force on the body

Eg Bruises, Fractures, Cuts, Corks

Indirect injury

Caused by an internal force or over-exertion

Eg Sprains, Tears, Strains

Acute Injuries

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Types of injuries

Acute Chronic

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A chronic injury is a recurring injury that presents itself again in response to a prolonged weakness, or perhaps insufficient rehabilitation from the initial injury.

Chronic Injuries

http://cdn.newsapi.com.au/image/v1/f12f50cbf70bbbad6d6c31f1cdbbb3ef?api_key=zw4msefggf9wdvqswdfuqnr5Source : 2014 AFL Injury Report



Types of injuries

Acute Chronic

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An overuse injury is caused by the repetitive performance of a particular movement.

The excessive and repeated use of a certain muscle group, bone or joint is what leads to this type of injury.

Can also be as a result of poor training design including insufficient rest, or inappropriate application of overload to training.

Eg Stress fractures and splints

Overuse Injuries

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http://insideathletics.com.au/www.thelongrun.com.au/wp-content/uploads/shin-splints-ice-1.jpg



Types of injuries

Acute Chronic

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Soft-tissue injuries are extremely prevalent in sport, and are injuries occurring to the skin, muscles, ligaments or tendons.

Soft-tissue Injuries

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Types of injuries

Acute Chronic

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• Sprains (Ligaments)– Wrench or twist the ligaments of (an ankle, knee, wrist, or other joint) violently so

as to cause pain and swelling but not dislocation.

• Strains (Muscle or Tendon)– a force tending to pull or stretch something to an extreme or damaging degree.

• Ruptures (Ligaments, Muscles or Tendons)

– an instance of breaking or bursting suddenly and completely.

• Cuts, Abrasions and Lacerations (Skin)– a deep cut or tear in skin or flesh.

• Contusions or Bruises (Muscles)

– a region of injured tissue or skin in which blood capillaries have been ruptured.

• Tendonitis (Tendons)– inflammation of a tendon, most commonly from overuse

Soft-tissue InjuriesTypes of injuries



Types of injuries

Acute Chronic

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Hard-tissue injuries involve the bones and joints of the skeletal system.

Hard-tissue Injuries

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Types of injuries

Acute Chronic

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• Fractures

– A fracture is a broken bone. A bone may be completely fractured or partially fractured in any number of ways (crosswise, lengthwise, in multiple pieces)

• Dislocations

– Injury or disability caused when the normal position of a joint or other part of the body is disturbed.

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Hard-tissue InjuriesTypes of injuries



Types of injuries

Acute Chronic

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An idea amongst administrators of junior sport is that high impact, contact sports such as rugby and AFL should separate junior competitions based on physical development (height/weight) and not age.

Discuss how this idea could lead to decreased injury incidence. (3 marks)

Short Answer Activity: Write a response

http://i2.getbucks.co.uk/incoming/article6188403.ece/ALTERNATES/s615/mini-rugby-AC.jpg

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By modifying the rules in this way, players will be more likely to play against, and come into contact with opposition of similar weight and size.

This will decrease the chance of larger sized players coming into contact with a player who is significantly smaller.

Short Answer Activity: Mark this response

https://dorrisports.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/weigh

t-divisions-in-junior-rugby-league.jpg

Key Point Mark Allocation

Players more likely to play against opponents of similar size/stature 1 mark

Players less likely to collide/contact players who are significantly bigger/smaller.

1 mark

Less external forces acting on the body = less direct injuries 1 mark

Sample Response:



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By modifying the rules in this way, players will be more likely to play against, and come into contact with opposition of similar weight and size (1 mark)

This will decrease the chance of larger sized players coming into contact with a player who is significantly smaller. (1 mark)

Short Answer: Teacher’s mark

https://dorrisports.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/weight-divisions-in-junior-rugby-league.jpg




1 mark


Sample Response:



https://dorrisports.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/weigh

t-divisions-in-junior-rugby-league.jpg

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By modifying the rules in this way, players will be more likely to play against, and come into contact with opposition of similar weight and size.

This will decrease the chance of larger sized players coming into contact with a player who is significantly smaller.

This could decrease external forces on the body and therefore decrease the number of direct injuries like fractures, bruises and concussion.

Short Answer Activity: Read this top band exemplar

http://www.teara.govt.nz/files/39065-pst.jpg




1 mark


Sample Response:



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By modifying the rules in this way, players will be more likely to play against, and come into contact with opposition of similar weight and size. (1 mark)

This will decrease the chance of larger sized players coming into contact with a player who is significantly smaller. (1 mark)

This could decrease external forces on the body and therefore decrease the number of direct injuries like fractures, bruises and concussion. (1 mark)

Short Answer: Analysis of exemplar






1 mark


Sample Response:



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Short Answer Activity: Mark your responseAn idea amongst administrators of junior sport is that high impact, contact sports such as rugby and AFL should separate junior competitions based on physical development (height/weight) and not age.


http://i2.getbucks.co.uk/incoming/article6188403.ece/ALTERNATES/s615/mini-rugby-AC.jpg




1 mark


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Concussion

Facial Fractures

Shoulder Dislocations

A/C Joint Injuries

Fractured Clavicles

Elbow sprains

Forearm/Wrist/Hand Fractures

Fractured Ribs

Lumbar and Thoracic Spine Injuries

Groin Strains

Hamstring Strains

Quadriceps Strains

Ruptured Anterior Cruciate Ligament (Knee)

Ruptured Medial Ligament (Knee)

Ruptured Posterior Ligament (Knee)

Other Knee strains

Ankle joint sprains

Calf Strains

Achilles Tendon injuries

Leg and Foot Fractures

Leg and Foot Stress Fractures

Medical Illness

Common Sports Injuries

https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/0a/a4/a7/0aa4a70c9353bcd27523b0b2710750bd.jpg

AFL Case Study – AFL Injury Report 2014



Types of injuries

Acute Chronic

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Osteoporosis

• Osteoporosis is a disease that occurs as bones lose calcium and other minerals, making them fragile and more susceptible to fracture.

• People suffering from osteoporosis are losing minerals, like calcium, at a rate that is faster than the mineral absorption rate.

• As a result, bone density is reduced, and bone strength is therefore lowered, resulting in the greater susceptibility to fracture.

Image used under license from en.wikipedia.org



Types of injuries

Acute Chronic

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Prevention of osteoporosis

• The risk of osteoporosis can be reduced via the following steps:

– Maintaining the recommended daily intake of calcium

– Regular muscle-strengthening exercises (weight-bearing or resistance)

– Smoking cessation and moderation of alcohol consumption

– Monitoring of Vitamin D levels (assists in calcium uptake by bones)

Images used under license from pixabay.com



Types of injuries

Acute Chronic

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Discuss the effect that osteoporosis has on an individual’s bones, and outline various preventative strategies that people could implement in their lives to reduce the risk of suffering.

(3 marks)

Short answer activity: Write a response


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Osteoporosis occurs when bones are losing calcium and other minerals at a rate that is faster than they are absorbed. This results in bones losing bone density and strength, and ultimately becoming more susceptible to breaks.

A strategy that could be used to prevent osteoporosis is to ensure an adequate consumption of dietary calcium.

Short answer activity: Mark this response


Discussion of the effect of osteoporosis 1 mark

An outline of a preventative strategy to reduce the risk of osteoporosis.

1 mark

An outline of a different preventative strategy to reduce the risk of osteoporosis.

1 mark

Sample Response:


(3 marks)

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Short answer: Teacher’s mark


(3 marks)



Sample Response:




1 mark


1 mark

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Another strategy that individuals could use to prevent osteoporosis developing is to complete regular strength and weight-bearing exercises, as they are osteogenic(ie bone building)

Short answer activity – Read this top band exemplar

Exemplar answer:


(3 marks)

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Another strategy that individuals could use to prevent osteoporosis developing is to complete regular strength and weight-bearing exercises, as they are osteogenic(ie bone building)

Short answer - Analysis of exemplar



An outline of a preventative strategy to reduce the risk of osteoporosis. 1 mark

An outline of a different preventative strategy to reduce the risk of osteoporosis. 1 mark

Sample Response:


(3 marks)

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Short answer activity: Mark your responseDiscuss the effect that osteoporosis has on an individual’s bones, and outline various preventative strategies that people could implement in their lives to reduce the risk of suffering.

(3 marks)




1 mark


1 mark

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Arthritis

• Arthritis is a musculoskeletal disorder that involves the inflammation of one or more joints.

• Inflammation, pain, stiffness and joint weakness are common issues that are associated with arthritis.

• Two common forms of arthritis are:

– Osteoarthritis arthritis

– Rheumatoid arthritis




Types of injuries

Acute Chronic

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Osteoarthritis• Osteoarthritis is a

degenerative joint disease where a person’s cartilage starts to break down and wear away.

• Cartilage is a fine, rubbery connective tissue that acts as a cushion between the bones of joints.

• As this tissue wears away, bones begin to rub together, and result in pain, swelling, and reduced movement.




Types of injuries

Acute Chronic

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Causes of osteoarthritis

• The onset and development of osteoarthritis is influenced by a variety of factors. These could include:

– A previous joint injury or trauma, for example a fractured bone or dislocated joint.

– Repetitive tasks that involve joints to be weight-bearing

– An obese/overweight body composition

– A lack of regular physical activity




Types of injuries

Acute Chronic

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Rheumatoid arthritis• Rheumatoid Arthritis is considered an auto-

immune disease where the body’s immune system attacks healthy tissues. In the case of rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system begins to attack the synovial membrane.

• As a result, joints are left painful, inflamed and damaged.

• In response to this attack on the lining of the joints, the body produces excessive synovial fluid.

• This unwanted tissue growth leads to deformity by loosening joint ligaments, and ultimately leads to joint destruction by eroding away cartilage and bone.




Types of injuries

Acute Chronic

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• Sports injuries can be classified as either acute or chronic injuries depending on how they occur.

• Acute injuries can be further classified as either direct (caused by external forces) or indirect (caused by an over-exertion).

• Common sports injuries, including fractures, strains, sprains and dislocations.

• Common musculoskeletal conditions, including:

• Osteoporosis – the loss of bone density and strength

• Arthritis – the inflammation and pain surrounding joints

Summary



Types of injuries

Acute Chronic

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Unit 1Area of study 1

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Presented by Chris Hudd - St Leonard's College...2019/02/09 · the structure that has been injured, and the type of damage caused. Type of Injury Eg Acute direct injury Structure