Presentations - Beach Front and Shoreline Management

8/7/2019 Presentations - Beach Front and Shoreline Management

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Hampton Beachfront andHampton Beachfront and

Shoreline ManagementShoreline ManagementHam tonHam tonWaterwaysWaterwaysCommitteeCommittee

February 15, 2011February 15, 2011

RebeccaS.RebeccaS.FranceseFrancese,REM,REM

Management GoalsManagement Goals

Storm Protection/Damage ReductionStorm Protection/Damage Reduction

Flood Protection / Damage ReductionFlood Protection / Damage Reduction

RecreationRecreation

Habitat Preservation/EnhancementHabitat Preservation/Enhancement

reach or section of shoreline.reach or section of shoreline.


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Study AreaStudy Area

Shoreline ManagementShoreline Management

Challenge (Ownership)Challenge (Ownership)~~..

(South tip of Fort Monroe to Factory Point)(South tip of Fort Monroe to Factory Point)

FederalFederal Fort Monroe (29%)Fort Monroe (29%)

PublicPublic BuckroeBuckroe, Salt Ponds, Grandview Nature, Salt Ponds, Grandview Nature

Preserve (44%)Preserve (44%)

PrivatePrivate Thimble Shoals Court,Thimble Shoals Court, MaloMalo Beach,Beach,White Marsh Grandview 27%White Marsh Grandview 27%

Fort Monroe and the Nature Preserve (59%) are roughly theFort Monroe and the Nature Preserve (59%) are roughly thesame length at opposite ends of the shoreline.same length at opposite ends of the shoreline.

Central 41% of the shoreline is interspersed private andCentral 41% of the shoreline is interspersed private andpublic ownershippublic ownership with an inlet segmenting the reach.with an inlet segmenting the reach.


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Challenge (Higher Storm Tides)Challenge (Higher Storm Tides) Higher Tides / Greater Storm ImpactsHigher Tides / Greater Storm Impacts The current average highest monthly water level isThe current average highest monthly water level is

almost 0.5 ft higher than in 1980 (based on simple trendalmost 0.5 ft higher than in 1980 (based on simple trendanalysis).analysis).

Seven (7)Seven (7) of the top ten highest tide events haveof the top ten highest tide events haveoccurred in the past ten years andoccurred in the past ten years and Ten (10)Ten (10) of the topof the toptwenty high tide events have occurred in the past 20twenty high tide events have occurred in the past 20years.years.

Only one top twenty storm occurred in the 1970s , oneOnly one top twenty storm occurred in the 1970s , onetop twenty storm occurred in the 1980s and three in thetop twenty storm occurred in the 1980s and three in the1990s.1990s.

Challenge (Coastal Processes)Challenge (Coastal Processes) Average erosion rate of aboutAverage erosion rate of about --2 to2 to --3 ft/yr3 ft/yr hotspots orhotspots or

highly eroded areas mixed with stable areashighly eroded areas mixed with stable areas

Beach MorphologyBeach Morphology


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Sediment TransportSediment Transport

Aeolian

Overwash/Inlet

Fetch/Fetch/Wave EnergyWave Energy

Northeast and Northwest-

Greatest waves highestenergy

Generates currents to thesouth

Southeast and Southwest

Bay-External 75%

Typically smaller waves

Generates currents to thenorth


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NetNetLongshoreLongshoreTransportTransport

the net transport is tothe net transport is tothe north (8,000 to 12,000the north (8,000 to 12,000cy/yr)cy/yr)

SouthSouth of Lighthouse Pointof Lighthouse Point the net transport is tothe net transport is tothe south 15 000 c / r tothe south 15 000 c / r to20,000 cy/yr)20,000 cy/yr) thoughthough

there are seasonalthere are seasonalreversals and localizedreversals and localizedhotspots.hotspots.

Shoreline ManagementShoreline ManagementStrategiesStrategies

Hold the Line (Flooding and Storm Impacts)Hold the Line (Flooding and Storm Impacts)

revetmentrevetment

Enhanced Dunes (Enhanced Dunes (geotubegeotube or rock cores)or rock cores)

Shoreline Buffers (Storm Impacts)Shoreline Buffers (Storm Impacts)

Beach reBeach re--nourishment and living shorelinesnourishment and living shorelines

Hydrodynamic / Process Altering (Storm ImpactsHydrodynamic / Process Altering (Storm Impacts

and Typical Processes)and Typical Processes)

breakwaters, groins, jettiesbreakwaters, groins, jetties

Possibly near shore reefs/near shore disposalPossibly near shore reefs/near shore disposal


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Strategies (Continued)Strategies (Continued)Composite StrategiesComposite Strategies

Typically some form of beach nourishment andTypically some form of beach nourishment anda process altering (a process altering (ieie. breakwater) or hold the. breakwater) or hold theline (line (ieie. Revetment). Revetment)

Do Nothing or Shoreline RetreatDo Nothing or Shoreline Retreat

statestate

At timesAt times this is the most practical solution orthis is the most practical solution ormay be applied in a conservancy setting.may be applied in a conservancy setting.

Shoreline ManagementShoreline ManagementBuckroe Beach BulkheadBuckroe Beach Bulkhead

BuckroeBuckroe Beach Bulkhead was desi ned in 1967Beach Bulkhead was desi ned in 1967and constructed during the late 1960s.and constructed during the late 1960s.

The bulkhead has been reThe bulkhead has been re--evaluated severalevaluated severaltimes during the past 20 yearsand it has beentimes during the past 20 yearsand it has beendetermined that it was near the end of its usefuldetermined that it was near the end of its useful.however, the bulkhead has continued to.however, the bulkhead has continued to

period of storm impactsprobably due to theperiod of storm impactsprobably due to thebeach nourishment project.beach nourishment project.


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BuckroeBuckroe Beach BulkheadBeach Bulkhead

Shoreline ManagementShoreline ManagementGrandview RevetmentGrandview Revetment Grandview seawall / revetment was constructedGrandview seawall / revetment was constructed

throughout the present.throughout the present.

The revetment was constructed of numerous typesThe revetment was constructed of numerous typesof building materials including concrete block andof building materials including concrete block andvarious size stone.various size stone.

The revetment has held the line for many years,The revetment has held the line for many years,but over the years the beach profile in front of thebut over the years the beach profile in front of the

structure has steepened and deepened.structure has steepened and deepened. As a result, during stormsAs a result, during storms larger waves can impactlarger waves can impact

the shoreline structure at that location than otherthe shoreline structure at that location than othersegments of the Hampton shoreline.segments of the Hampton shoreline.


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Grandview RevetmentGrandview Revetment

Shoreline ManagementShoreline ManagementGeotubeGeotube at Salt Ponds Beachat Salt Ponds Beach

In Jul 1998In Jul 1998 -- 2 000 ft of2 000 ft of eotextileeotextile tube wastube wasfilled with sand dredged from Salt Pondsfilled with sand dredged from Salt PondsChannel.Channel.

TheThe geotubegeotube was established along the upperwas established along the upperlimits of the public beach at Salt Ponds. A dunelimits of the public beach at Salt Ponds. A dunesystem was constructed over top of the tube andsystem was constructed over top of the tube andsprigged with Americansprigged with American beachgrassbeachgrass..

restoration project for the public beach and alsorestoration project for the public beach and alsoas a revetment along the upper limits of theas a revetment along the upper limits of thepublic beach.public beach.


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GeotubeGeotube at Salt Ponds Beachat Salt Ponds Beach

Shoreline ManagementShoreline ManagementBeachBeach RenourishmentRenourishment Several small reSeveral small re--nourishment projects werenourishment projects were

constructe n t e 1980sconstructe n t e 1980s as part o re g ngas part o re g ngmaintenance at the Salt Ponds Channel.maintenance at the Salt Ponds Channel.

Major beach reMajor beach re--nourishment project constructednourishment project constructedin 1990 at public beach inin 1990 at public beach in BuckroeBuckroe (224,000 cy).(224,000 cy).

Beach reBeach re--nourishment project constructed innourishment project constructed in1996 (60,000 cy) along the north end of the1996 (60,000 cy) along the north end of the

public beach at an public beach at an erosionalerosional hotspot.hotspot. Large scale federal project constructed in 2003Large scale federal project constructed in 2003

alongalong BuckroeBuckroe Beach and Salt Ponds.Beach and Salt Ponds.


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BeachBeach RenourishmentRenourishment

Shoreline ManagementShoreline ManagementGroinsGroins

Constructed b the Cor s of En ineersConstructed b the Cor s of En ineersduring the earlyduring the early--1960s after the Ash1960s after the AshWednesday Storm.Wednesday Storm.

Approximately 20 structures wereApproximately 20 structures wereconstructed along the Hampton Shoreline.constructed along the Hampton Shoreline.

The roins have been ast their useful lifeThe roins have been ast their useful life

since the early 1980s.since the early 1980s. The cost of repair at the time exceededThe cost of repair at the time exceeded

any potential benefits.any potential benefits.


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GroinsGroins

Shoreline ManagementShoreline ManagementBuckroeBuckroe Avenue BreakwaterAvenue Breakwater In 2001, a 250 ft breakwater was constructed atIn 2001, a 250 ft breakwater was constructed at

the end ofthe end of BuckroeBuckroe Avenue in the middle of theAvenue in the middle of thepublic beach atpublic beach at BuckroeBuckroe


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Point Comfort Ave. BreakwaterPoint Comfort Ave. Breakwater In 2010, a 250 ft breakwater was constructed atIn 2010, a 250 ft breakwater was constructed at

the end of a Point Comfort Avenue on the ublicthe end of a Point Comfort Avenue on the ublicbeach inbeach in BuckroeBuckroe..

Shoreline ManagementShoreline ManagementSalt Ponds Jetty SystemSalt Ponds Jetty System

North Jetty constructed by the City of HamptonNorth Jetty constructed by the City of Hamptonin 1976 as part of the Salt Ponds Development.in 1976 as part of the Salt Ponds Development.

South jetty was actually an existing groin.South jetty was actually an existing groin.

The south jetty was replaced and lengthened inThe south jetty was replaced and lengthened inlate 2005 / early 2006.late 2005 / early 2006.

improvement to sand tighten and possiblyimprovement to sand tighten and possiblylengthen the north jetty and relengthen the north jetty and re--construct theconstruct thesand trap.sand trap.


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Shoreline ManagementShoreline ManagementSalt Ponds Jetty SystemSalt Ponds Jetty System

Shoreline ManagementShoreline ManagementBreach RestorationBreach Restoration

Factory Point was breached during a northeasterFactory Point was breached during a northeasterin 1997. With continued stormsin 1997. With continued storms the breachthe breachwidened significantly until the Point was anwidened significantly until the Point was anisland completely separated from the Preserveisland completely separated from the Preserve..

~145,000 cy of sand was dredged and pumped~145,000 cy of sand was dredged and pumpedfrom the shoal to reconnect the island.from the shoal to reconnect the island.

Five breakwaters were constructed to helpFive breakwaters were constructed to help

stabilize the beach.stabilize the beach. The project also included navigationThe project also included navigation

improvementswidened/straightened channels,improvementswidened/straightened channels,new consistentnew consistent dayboardsdayboards, etc., etc.


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Breach RestorationBreach Restoration

1994 2004

2010

Other MunicipalitiesOther MunicipalitiesCity of Virginia BeachCity of Virginia Beach

Federal beachFederal beach renourishmentrenourishment project at both theproject at both the ..

included the Seawall along the resort strip. Noincluded the Seawall along the resort strip. Noother hardened structures.other hardened structures.

Entire oceanfront is public beach.Entire oceanfront is public beach.

City of NorfolkCity of Norfolk

Series of breakwaters along the Chesapeake BaySeries of breakwaters along the Chesapeake Bayshorefront (Municipal and State Funding).shorefront (Municipal and State Funding).

Entire Chesapeake Bay beach is public beach.Entire Chesapeake Bay beach is public beach.


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Fort Monroe toFort Monroe to BuckroeBuckroe BeachBeach

SouthSouth BuckroeBuckroe toto MaloMalo BeachBeach


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Salt Ponds to White MarshSalt Ponds to White Marsh

Grandview to Lighthouse Pt.Grandview to Lighthouse Pt.


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Factory PointFactory Point

Shoreline ManagementShoreline ManagementStrategy PlanningStrategy Planning

Pur ose or Intent of StratePur ose or Intent of Strate Coastal Processes Specific to theCoastal Processes Specific to the

Management AreaManagement Area Impact of Environmentally Protected Area orImpact of Environmentally Protected Area or

Regulatory IssuesRegulatory Issues Shoreline Ownership (Public or Private)Shoreline Ownership (Public or Private)

and Who does it benefit?and Who does it benefit?

Documents

Presentations - Beach Front and Shoreline Management