presentationpowerlinecommunication-120427220417-phpapp02

Power Line Communication [PLC]

Guson Kuntarto – 2636177

University of Wollongong

//Objective//

• Investigate PLC from technical aspects.

• Investigate PLC economical point of view.

//Outline//

+ An overview of PLC +

+ Features +

+ Technology aspects +

+ Applications +

+ Economical aspects +

+ Conclusion +

//Background//

Diagram of electricity distribution networks[4]

Hydro/Nuclear

Power Plant

--AC--

High Voltage

400KV

Medium Voltage

10KV

Low Voltage

0.4KV

Transformer

Medium-Low Voltage

Transformer

High-Low Voltage

Low Voltage

0.4KV

110-240V

//Background//

• Most of houses are connected by the power grids.

• Most of houses have an indoor power lines installed.

//IDEA//

• Increasing usage of bandwidth for data communication [4].

• To use existing power lines as a communications channel, to accommodate data communication [4].

//IDEA//

Requires advances techniques:

• Modulation techniques (FSK

and OFDM)[2,3,5,15,16,17].

• Channel coding/FEC (convolution codes)[4].

• Medium Access Control (MAC)[5].

• Security (DES 56-bit encryption)[5,17].

Implementations:

• Designing a power line modem (PLM) [2,11].

• For various applications [1].

• Potential to make a large-scale data networks [14].

//IDEA//

//Features of PLC //

• No new infrastructure installed [5].

• Easy to interconnect devices through power grid.

• Easy to install “plug and play” [5].

• Using radio frequencies (RF) for data transmission [4,14].

• Data rate 600bps to 45Mbps [6,10,12,13].

//Technical of PLC //

A block diagram model of data communication system [4]

De-

modulator

Modulator

Channel

SourceSource

Encoder

Channel

Encoder

DestinationSource

Decoder

Channel

Decoder


[1] The Channel + Channel was designed to transfer the

electricity [4]. + Channel capable for data communication. + Channel has limitation, regarding of noises and interferences caused by electrical signals [15].

//Technical of PLC // Standardization usage of frequency in PLC

• PLC uses radio frequency (RF) [14]. • Avoid AM band [8]. • In Europe, CENELEC: 3kHz – 148.5kHz [4]. • Bandwidth limitations [4]. • Hardly to achieve high data rate. • High Frequency (HF)? • In used, for example: radio amateur [4]. • HF PLC indoor applications [6,14]. • VLF PLC outdoor applications [10,12,13,14].

//Technical of PLC // [2] Modulator and demodulator Modulation techniques: + Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), using variety frequency of carrier signal to present 1 and 0[17] + 4 possible baud rate (600Hz, 1.2kHz, 2.4kHz and 4.8kHz) [2]. + Baud rate = bit rate [2]. + Used for low data rate transfer 600bps- 4.8kbps [4]. + Suitable to run in medium-voltage (10KV) [6].

//Technical of PLC // [2] Modulator and demodulator(cont’d) Modulation techniques: + Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), using narrowband sub-carrier and multiplexed based on FDM [2,15,16]. + Using HF (3-30MHz) [10,14] + Can achieve high data rate transfer (14- 45Mbps) [10,12,13]. + Suitable works in low-voltages (110-240V) [10,12,13].


[3] Channel encoder and decoder used to reduce bit error, for instance, the convolution code technique [4]. [4] Source encoder and decoder used to compress and extract data, to avoid data redundancy [4]. [5] Source and Destination Part of data communication, where the data start to transfer and end to receive.


Enhanced with: + Medium access control (MAC) including Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) with Collision Detection (CD)/ Collision Avoidance (CA) [3,5]. + 56-bits Data Encryption Standard (DES) mechanism[5,17].


• A model of data communications for PLC

+Impedances (Z) [4].

+Coupling circuits (high pass filter) [4].


A model scheme of data communications for PLC [4]

ZiR-L-C

CIRCUIT

Transmitter Power line

Channel

ReceiverCoupling

Circuit

Coupling

Circuit

Zt

R-L-C

CIRCUIT


• In PLC, “impedance mismatched”

(Zt ‡ Zi) [4].

• Consequences, difficult to apply “impedance matching” (Zt=Zi) over various impedances [4].

------------------

• Using coupling circuit to block low frequency (50/60Hz) and pass the high frequency for data communication [4].

• Easy to apply, using to RLC circuits


Designing a power line modem（PLM) [2]

• Low complexity.

• Low power consumption.

• Implementing associated HW, such as

coupling circuits and de/modulator.


A diagram of PLM [2,11]


A power line modem (PLM) [10]

Item Specification

Modulation OFDM

Number of carrier max 1280, programmable

Frequency band 13.8MHz to 22.8MHz (Link 2)

Bandwidth 6.3MHz (upstream: 2.MHz,

downstream: 3.8MHz

Data rate max. 45Mbps

(Upstream: 18Mbps, downstream:27Mbps)

Multi-access TDMA/FDD

Transmission power Max. -50dB/m

LAN interface 1 port - 100BaseTx/10BaseT

1 port - USB 1.0

1 port -RJ-11

VoIP protocol H.323v2

AC input AC 110-220V 50/60Hz

Size Coupling unit inc

W75xH45xD120mm

Standard CE mark (EN60950, EN55022, EN55024)

//Applications of PLC // [1]Power Line Outdoors Telecoms

(PLOC)[1]

+ Automatic meter reading (AMR) system.

+ Using power-grid from houses to substations.

+ Works over medium- voltage (10KV).

+ Low-speed data rate

600bps-2.4kbps.

//Applications of PLC // [2] Power Line Indoors Telecoms (PLIC) [1]

+ Data communication

in a local area (home) [9].

+ Using house power-grid [9]

+ Work over low-voltage

(110-240V) [9].

+ Data rate up to 14-45Mbps [9].

//Economical aspects of PLC //

• Relative inexpensive modem

PLM24 - data rate 2,4kbps[13]

- price $32[13]

PL9640 - data rate 14Mbps[12]

- price $89[18]

• No extra cost for infrastructures

//Economical aspects of PLC //

Comparison of LAN technology [7,12,18]

LAN Ethernet Phone line Wireless Power line

Network Type IEEE 802.3 HomePNA 2.0 IEEE 802.11a HomePlug 1.0

IEEE 802.11b

Data rate 10/ 100 10 55 14

Mbps 11

Characteristic Fastest sytem Use existing Mobility Use existing power line

low cost NICs phone line and electrical outlet

Limitations Requires extensive Computers must be wired infrastructure New technology

wiring and retrofit near phone jack usually requiered not yet widespread

Cost (USD) 75-200/port retrofit wiring 50-100 60-250 89

60-100 new installation

//Conclusion //

• A technology for data communication over power line channels.

• uses existing power lines for

data communications.

• Uses radio frequency (RF)

• Advances technology, including:

de/modulation: (e.g.FSK and OFDM), FEC, MAC and security mechanism

//Conclusion //

• PLIC and PLOC applications.

• Can achieve data rate 600bps-45Mbps.

• Relative inexpensive modem.

• Using existing power line, so no extra cost for infrastructures.

• Alternative way for data communication.

//References // [1] Wikipedia, 2002, “Power line communication”, GNU free documentation license [online],

Available: http://www.fact-index.com/p/po/power_line_communications.html, accessed: 05/09/2004.

[2] Cappelletti, R. and Baschirotto, A., March 2001, “A power line FSK transceiver with reduced power consumption,

” IEEE Transactions on consumers electronics, Vol. 47(2), pp. 207 – 212.

[3] Pavlidou, N., Vinck, A. J. H., Yazdani, J. and Honary, B., April 2003, “Power line communications: state of art and the future trends,

” IEEE Communications Magazine, pp. 34 – 40.

[4] Selander, L., 1999, “Power line communications Channel Properties and Communications Strategies (Doctoral dissertation,

Department of Information Technology, Lund University)”, [Online].

Available: http://info.iet.unipi.it/~filippo/documenti/powerlines/PowerLineCom/Bibliografia/Rif09.pdf, pp. 8 – 20, accessed: 03-09-2004.

[5] Lin, Yu-Ju, Latchman, A., H., and Lee, M., 2004, “A Power line communications Network Infrastructure for the Smart Home,” pp. 1 -11, [Online].

Available: www.list.ufl.edu/publications/1.pdf, accessed: 05/09/2004.

[6] Archnet, 2001, “Automatic meter reading (AMR) system” [online].

Available: http://www.archnetco.com/english/product/product_s1.htm, accessed: 15/09/2004.

[7] Lee M. K., Newman R. E., Latchman H. A., Katar S. and Yonge L., September 2002,

“HomePlug 1.0 Power line communications LANs – Protocol description and performance results version 5.4,”

International journal of communications systems, Vol. 1(1), p. 1-3, [Online]. Available: http://www.cise.ufl.edu/~nemo/papers/IJCS2003.pdf, accessed: 16/09/2004.

[8] Pahlavan, 2004, (Lecture materials Chapter 13 – Wireless LAN Technology, School of Electrical Engineering,

Georgia Institute of Technology), pp. 39 – 42, [Online]. Available: http://users.ece.gatech.edu/yucel/wlan.pdf, accessed: 16/09/2004.

//References //

[9] Kempf, P., June 2003, “HomePlug powerline alliance”, pp. 1-15, [Online].

Available: http://www.plcforum.org/docs/world_summit/HomePlug.pdf, accessed: 16/09/2004.

[10] Abe, Y., Shinoda, Y., Kuwahara, M., Asao, Y., Tokumaru, K., Hirotsu, K., Ohno, H., Shimoguchi, T., Ozaki, T., Yada, K., Sanda, M., Kuwabara, M.,

and Sakamoto, H., June 2004, “Development of high speed power line communications modem,” SEI Technical Review, Vol. 58, pp. 28 – 33. [Online].

Available: www.sei.co.jp/tr_e/t_technical_e_pdf/58-06.pdf, accessed: 16/09/2004.

[11] Duque, C., A., Barbosa P. G., and Bapsita, D., P., 2001, “Data transmission through power line”, [Online].

Available: www.mestradoeletrica.ufjf.br/ professores/duque/t&d2001_061.pdf.

[12] Asoka, 2004, “ Ethernet wall mount PL9640-ETH”, [Online]. Available: http://www.asokausa.com/pdf/9640.pdf, accessed: 16/09/2004.

[13] High Tech Horizon (HTH), 2004, “Price list PLM-24”, [Online]. Available: http://www.hth.com/plm-24/order.htm, accessed: 01/10/2004.

[14] Kirwan, S., and South, G., 2004, “Power line networking technologies broadband potential”, [Online].

Available: http://glasnost.itcarlow.ie/~net4/kirwans/bband.html#_Toc67235681, accessed: 05/10/2004.

[15] Gotz M., Rapp M., and Dostert K., A 2004, “Power line channel characteristics and their effect on communication system design,”

IEEE Communications Magazine, pp. 78-86.

[16] Purroy, A., Sanz, A., Garcia Nicolas, J. I. and Urriza, I., 2004,“Research areas for efficient power line communication modems,”

Department of electronics and communications engineering University of Zaragoza, pp. 2-6, [Online].

Available: www.isplc2004.unizar.es/Research%20Areas%20for%20Efficient%20Power%20Line%20Communication%20Modems.pdf, accessed: 07/10/2004.

[17] Forouzan, A., B. and Fegan C., S., 2004, Data communication and networking, 3rd edition, McGraw Hill.

[18] Ramelectronic, 2004, “ Price of Ethernet wall mount PL9640-ETH”, [Online].

Available: http://www.ramelectronics.net/html/ethernet133.htm, accessed: 11/10/2004.

//Questions?? //

//Thank You //

Documents

presentationpowerlinecommunication-120427220417-phpapp02