Presentation to the Portfolio Committee on Science and Technology 15 October 2015

Presentation to the Portfolio Committee on Science and Technology

15 October 2015

Contents

1. CSIR overview • KPIs at a glance• Highlights: Major initiatives• Mandate• People • Infrastructure

2. Research, development and implementation in response to national priorities

3. Key performance indicators• Scientific and technical• Learning and growth• Financial and governance

Key performance indicators at a glance

Scientific and technical

Learning and growth

Financial and governance

Strategic objective Key performance indicator 2014/15 Target 2014/15 Actual

Build and transform human capital

Total size of SET base (number, %) 1 753 1 869

% of SET base who are black ≥52 55.8

% of SET base who are female ≥32.0 33.6

Number of staff with doctoral level qualifications 320 335


Perform relevant research and development

Publication equivalents 470 502

New technology demonstrators ≥25 45

New patents granted ≥15 18

Royalty and licence income ≥R5.8 m R8.7 m

Contract R&D income ≥R1 630 m R1 679 m


Maintain financial sustainability and good governance

Total income ≥R2 360m R2 385m

Net profit ≥R49.1m R52.4m

Value of investment in property, plant and equipment

≥R95.7m R209.7m

BBBEE rating Level 2 contributor

Level 2 contributor

Disabling injury frequency rate <0.3 0.04

Highlights: Major initiatives

Industry innovation partnership • BIDC supported first 6 enterprises with biotech products• Small-scale production of nano-clays started following surface

modification of nanoclay minerals• Aeroswift platform completed to built metal parts through

additive manufacturing

Partnerships• Assisting SANParks in the fight against rhino poaching:

command centre, secure communications• Assist Transnet with transport modelling, optimisation of port

operations, developing locomotive control system; laser for refurbishment and manufacturing

Infrastructure• CHPC: 130 new users; CERN experiments• SANReN: 204 connected sites,

1 million users

ABOUT US OUR WORK OUR PERFORMANCE

MANDATE

PEOPLE

INFRASTRUCTURE

Mandate


MANDATE

PEOPLE

INFRASTRUCTURE

The mandate unpacked

RD&I: Research, Development and Innovation

Impact

• Improved quality of life• Industrial and scientific development

RD&I outcomes• Scientific and technological support to national

initiatives and to industry• Develop scientific and technological capabilities

RD&I Outputs

• Peer-reviewed Publications• Reports• Patents• Technologies

RD&I Activities

• Research• RD&I Management• Technology transfer• Host national facilities

Inputs

• Human capital• Research facilities • Financial resources• GovernanceIn

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Imp

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How does the work of the CSIR respond to the triple challengeof poverty, inequality and unemployment?

The CSIR is one component of a range of scientific and technological interventions, and operates within a framework that recognises the inter-connected nature of the NDP, sectoral policies and other political, social, economic and scientific interventions.

Our imperative is to:• Identify some key determinants of poverty, inequality

and unemployment• Explicitly draw the link between our research work and

addressing these determining factors• Our understanding of the dimensions of poverty,

inequality and unemployment is guided by the National Planning Commission’s Diagnostic Report of 2011

The CSIR contributes to the alleviation of poverty,

inequality and unemployment through:

1. Directed Research and Technological Innovation:

Research Impact Areas

2. Maintaining an enabling environment: Good

Governance and Financial Sustainability

3. Human Capital Development: Building and

Transforming Human Capital

How does the work of the CSIR respond to the triple challengeof poverty, inequality and unemployment?


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES

Nanotechnology ICT Materials PhotonicsSynthetic biology

Research, development and implementation in response to national priorities


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Natural environment: Focus

• Model climate change to aid decision-making for mitigation and adaptation

• Green economy solutions: sustainable planning, waste management, biorefinery

• Ecosystem services: water; marine and coastal services; mining landscapes

Fish stock surveys

Map of woody cover


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

SA’s first national map of woody cover

Challenge• No good map of South Africa’s woody

cover• This is needed to plan clearing of alien

plants, monitor carbon for climate change modelling, manage forests

Research and development• Research team used satellite-based

synthetic aperture radar (SAR)to create a national map

• Then used light-detection and ranging (LIDAR) maps to enhance the data

• Worked with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency for SAR mapping

• Working on automatically updating the map when new data are received

Fish stock surveys

Map of woody cover


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

SA’s first national map of woody cover

Outcome• Department of Environmental Affairs

assessing the map for use in alien plant clearing

• SANParks using the map to create an inventory of wetlands in protected areas

Fish stock surveys

Map of woody cover


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Challenge• Unsustainable fishing is a threat to ocean

ecosystems• The process to determine fish stock levels

for allocation of fishing quotas is expensive and time-consuming

• Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and the CSIR looking at alternatives

Research and development• Wave gliders (unmanned marine vehicles)

equipped with acoustic echo sounders to do more surveys at reduced cost

• The CSIR has experience in glider technology - used for measurements to study climate change at local scale

Optimising fish stock surveys

Fish stock surveys

Map of woody cover


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Optimising fish stock surveys

• Gliders can be steered via satellite and can be at sea for long periods

• Glider equipped with commercial sonar system to detect fish, and a data-capturing unit to store survey data

• Data sent from the glider to a satellite and then to the department

Outcome• First successful field experiment in

December 2014

Fish stock surveys

Map of woody cover


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Built environment: Focus

• Improved buildings – developing design guidelines for public buildings, new materials, construction methods

• Design methods for roads, ports, railways

• More efficient public and freight transport system

• Decision support systems for planning and transforming human settlements

Municipal water security

Transport


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Challenge• Water shortages around the town of

Richards Bay expected to worsen based on population growth projections

• City looking into factors that influence the entire water supply chain

Research, development and implementation

Lake management plan• CSIR assessed Lake Mzingazi and

compiled a lake management plan, formulated remedial actions

• Addressed wetland protection; alien vegetation, insufficient sewage removal, buffer zone around the lake

Towards a water-secure future for the City of uMhlathuze


Transport


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Reuse of sludge• Concerns about sludge management at

five of its water treatment works • CSIR analysed the sludge and

recommended which sludge could be reused for e.g. biogas and energy, agricultural use

Wastewater treatment• CSIR recommendation for a regional

treatment facility; biological nutrient removal process; and treated water back into Lake Mzingazi

Also: simulation model for bulk water management; assistance on Green Drop

Towards a water-secure future for the City of uMhlathuze

Transport



RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Enhancing the understanding of SA’s transport sector

The challenge• Transport-related challenges: inadequate

transport in rural areas, road and rail infrastructure backlog, poor condition of public transport vehicles

Research and development• CSIR working on a model that will create a

thorough understanding of links between economic sectors to aid decision-making

• Model will be able to predict the impact of interventions – to determine where the intervention should be and how long it will take for the desired effect

• Also: analysing freight and passenger transport over land, air, water


Transport


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Enhancing the understanding of SA’s transport sector

Research and development to help optimise Transnet operations• Developing a new locally designed

locomotive control system• Refining laser refurbishment and

manufacturing processes for locomotive and wagon components

• Developing modelling and simulation software to enhance Transnet’s wagon production line


Transport


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Defence and security: Focus

• Information security

• Situation awareness: intelligent mobile platforms, naval underwater security, supporting SA National Parks in combating threats to wildlife

• Command control and coordination for multi-agency operation: border safeguarding, disaster response

• Interoperability for organs of state tasked with defence and security

Landing simulator

Rhino poaching


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Simulator to help train SA Navy staff for landings on frigate decks

The challenge• SA Navy helicopters land and take off from

the deck of frigates with guidance from deck landing officer

• Training is valuable especially when the deck angle keeps changing in difficult sea conditions

Research and development• The CSIR and Cybicom Atlas Defence

jointly developed a helicopter flight deck trainer

• Safe, cost-effective option to train personnel in realistic environment

Landing simulator

Rhino poaching


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Simulator to help train SA Navy staff for landings on frigate decks

Outcome• Work ongoing to industrialise the system as

a product for commercial and defence markets

• Supported by the Aerospace Industry Support Initiative of the Department of Trade and Industry

Landing simulator

Rhino poaching


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Employing technology in the fight against rhino poaching

The challenge• Rhino poaching: 1 004 in 2013; 1 215 in

2014• Kruger National Park targeted as home to

world’s largest rhino population

Research and development• CSIR assisting SANParks• Command centre established where

intelligence is gathered and analysed e.g poaching events, border crossings

• Help equip rangers: helicopters, surveillance systems, weapons, clothing

• Solutions for secure communication: Secure message broadcast system for individuals who work in this field

Landing simulator

Rhino poaching


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Employing technology in the fight against rhino poaching

Landing simulator

Rhino poaching

Outcome• “We cannot fight the rhino war without what

we have here – without a nerve centre” – Gen (ret) Jooste, Commanding Officer, Special Projects, SANParks


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Health: Focus

• National health information system

• Combating disease: biotherapeutic technologies and health infrastructure

• Devices, sensors, systems for point-of-care assistance

• Natural product technologies

• Agro-processing technologies, food security, combating malnutrition

Malaria

Remote diagnoses

Pathology database


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

New digital pathology database to train pathologists remotely

Challenge• NHLS provide laboratory services to over

80% of the population• Central laboratories receive thousands of

blood samples from across SA every month• Shortage of specialist diagnostic personnel

to deal with complex cases

Research and development• Team created a database with 105

anonymous medical case studies to train pathologists

• Each case study has clinical features of full blood counts, digital images of blood samples, detailed annotations on abnormalities

• Digital textbook of cellular pathology

Malaria

Remote diagnoses

Pathology database


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

New digital pathology database helps train pathologists remotely

Outcome• Activity and usage of database monitored• Used at the annual NHLS training course• Used at the Tambo Memorial Hospital in

Boksburg on a weekly basis

Malaria

Remote diagnoses

Pathology database


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Towards eradicating malaria

Challenge• Drug-resistance in malaria is common• Can the life cycle of the malaria parasite be

disrupted so that the disease will die out?

Research and development• Searching for drugs to block certain

biological pathways• Work with Universities of Pretoria,

Witwatersrand, Medicines for Malaria Venture

• 5 000 compounds screened and a number promising, moved on to the next stage of the drug development pipeline

• Now screening another 250 000 compounds

Malaria

Remote diagnoses

Pathology database


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Optimal diagnoses for better health care

Challenge:Delayed diagnosis in remote locations

Research and development• Developed a portable blood analyser

coupled with software that keeps medical professionals at a clinic and blood test laboratories wirelessly connected – improving the turnaround time for diagnosis via blood tests

• Simple, effective, low-cost ultrasound device that can determine whether a fetus that is small for gestational age, is healthy or potentially sick

• Early stage of development of a paper-based diagnostics to enable low-cost diagnostics at the point-of-careDevice status

Malaria

Remote diagnoses

Pathology database


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Mobile laser

Aerospace technologies

Laser leak-sealing

Nano-clays

Titanium

Biotech enterprises

Broken rail detector

Radar

Cellnostics – Being readied for CE mark.

Cartridges in preproduction; software components deployed in

NHLS clinics

Umbiflow – successfully tested in a clinical trial in a primary health clinic, being

readied for CE mark. 2nd clinic test in Mamelodi

in process

Paper-based diagnostics –Early stage research

Back

Optimal diagnoses for better health care: Outcome to date


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Energy: Focus

• Energy storage

• New energy technologies

• Energy system integration

• Market design and policy-making

• Building an enabling energy environment

Energy efficiency

Energy zones


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

The challenge• Reduce the load of industry on energy grid• Improve the competitiveness of industry

Technology Intervention• Industrial Energy Efficiency Project

implemented by UNIDO and the NCPC, hosted at the CSIR on behalf of the dti

• In past 5 years, assisted 80 industry plants to save enough energy to electrify 120 000 middle-income SA homes for a year

• Financial saving of R759m and carbon emission offset of 800 000 tonnes of carbon dioxide

Industrial energy efficiency project saves millions

Energy efficiency

Energy zones


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

The challenge• 550 renewable energy projects proposed by

independent power producers across SA• Not sufficient information to guide decision-

makers

Research and development• The CSIR identified strategic geographical

areas that are suitable for wind and solar photovoltaic projects in the Western Cape, Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, North West and Free State

• Used Wind Atlas of South Africa and solar irradiation and yield datasets

Renewable energy zones identified for South Africa

Energy efficiency

Energy zones


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

• Next layer of considerations: transmission loss; local municipalities with high social need and high development potential; existing transmission infrastructure; sensitive environmental features; sensitivities in terms of aviation, defence, tele-communication; planned land use

The outcome• Department of Environmental Affairs

drafting gazette with geographical areas of the renewable energy development zones

• Data collated to be uploaded onto an online tool accessible to all

Renewable energy zones identified for South Africa

Energy efficiency

Energy zones


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Industry: Focus

• Beneficiation of SA minerals

• Bio-manufacturing

• Additive manufacturing, use of laser technology

• Automation – mechatronics for manufacturing, mining

• Advanced materials and composites

• Optimisation of resources for improved industrial efficiencies

• Using ICT to create opportunities


Nano-clays

Titanium powder

Biotech enterprises


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Locally produced nanoclays for vastly enhanced plastics

Challenge• Need better plastics: lighter, stronger, ultra-

violet resistant• Glass fibre used to harden plastics, but

makes it brittle

Research and development• Nanoclays are nanoparticles of layered

mineral silicates• SA has an abundance of clay• Researchers assessed the suitability of

local clays to be chemically modified to change their mechanical and thermal properties

• Modified the surface of nanoclays to make them more readily mixable with plastics and optimised the processing conditions


Nano-clays

Titanium powder

Biotech enterprises


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Research in Gauteng, clay Western Cape

Outcome• Used by PVC pipe industry, packaging,

automotive• Up-scaled production to start this year• View other nano-clay based products in

development

Locally produced nanoclays for vastly enhanced plastics


Nano-clays

Titanium powder

Biotech enterprises


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Beneficiation: Nanoclay-based products in development

Petroleum jelly

Antiperspirant roll-on

Antimicrobial soap

Polypropylene nanocompositesAntimicrobial paint

Water-based paint


Nano-clays

Titanium powder

Biotech enterprises


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Titanium metal production and additive manufacturing

Challenge• SA has vast resources of titanium-bearing

minerals, but no local industry

Research and development• Process developed to make titanium

powder directly and continuously• Pilot plant (view) established to focus on

up-scaling the production of titanium powder

• Access to locally produced materials previously imported at high costs


Nano-clays

Titanium powder

Biotech enterprises


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Pilot plant to produce titanium powder

Mobile laser


Laser leak-sealing

Nano-clays

Titanium

Biotech enterprises

Broken rail detector

Radar

Back


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Challenge• Titanium is the material of choice in the

aerospace industry – lighter aircraft for reduced fuel use

• Use composites to make aircraft parts, but cannot be joined to aluminium

Research and development• Successes in laser-based metal powder

fusion• This led to an advanced 3D printer for

metal components built (view) using additive manufacturing

• Worked with Aerosud

Titanium metal production and additive manufacturing


Nano-clays

Titanium powder

Biotech enterprises


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Back

Aerospace: Titanium parts in the pursuit of lighter aircraft


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

First enterprises benefit from programme to develop a local biomanufacturing industry

Challenge• SA biotech enterprises do not have access

to necessary infrastructure/skills to do process scale-up

• Expensive, skills scarce

Research and development

• SMMEs granted access to ready-to-use biomanufacturing facilities and laboratories at the CSIR – assisted by scientists

• Six companies (view) supported since launch

• 73 temporary jobs created, 30 permanent


Nano-clays

Titanium powder

Biotech enterprises


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Biomanufacturing: Supporting biotechnology enterprises

Phepisa Natural Resources Institute – extracts for soaps, skin-care products Mpumalanga

Abxtracts –Antioxidants Western Cape

Resyn Biosciences – microsphere products and services for R&D Gauteng

Linda Aromas – specialised waste management Gauteng

JVS Biotech - Media reagent productsKwaZulu-Natal

Elvema Nutrition – nutritional porridges North WestBack


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Challenge• Traditional television broadcasting is

expensive• Dominated by large companies that own

the gateway to content delivery mechanisms, e.g. digital satellite TV

Research and development• The CSIR developed a platform that will

allow entrepreneurs to operate their own television stations over the mobile Internet

• Possible to broadcast scheduled content in both low- and high-bandwidth environments without buffering

Shaping a digital future:Text-to-speech for indigenous languages


RESEARCH FOCUS

COMMERCIALISATION

SCIENCE PUBLISHING

• Helped establish road research centres in Mozambique and Tanzania

• Developed a low-cost gravel road test kit for use in the construction of gravel roads while in the field, and trained Tanzanian engineers and technicians

• Assisted various African countries with spectrum management tools - many share the current increasing global demand for unused frequency spectrum to expand wireless internet services

• Collaborated with laser scientists in Uganda, Algeria, Kenya, Nigeria, Morocco and Tunisia on 11 projects in 2014

• Regional hub providing laboratories, technical support and managing the Southern Africa Network for Biosciences (SANBio). Involved in a project to develop a plant-based platform for the cost-effective expression of proteins from aquatic organisms to be used in microbicides against HIV. Supported Zambia with pre-clinical testing for a botanical remedy against HIV

CSIR research and development in other parts of the continent

Key performance indicators

OUR WORKABOUT US OUR PERFORMANCE

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL

LEARNING AND GROWTH

FINANCIAL AND GOVERNANCE

Scientific and technical

Indicator

2014/15 Target

2014/15 Actual

Journal Articles

Conference Papers

New Technology Demonstrators

New Patents Granted

Contact R&D Income

Royalty & Licence Income

≥275

≥280

≥25

≥15

≥R 1 630 m

≥R 5.8 m

311

294

45

18

R 1 679 m

R 8.7m

Trend in journal articles

Trend in cumulative patents

Trend in royalty and licence income

Trend in contract R&D income



LEARNING AND GROWTH


Learning and growth

Indicator

2014/15 Target

2014/15 Actual

Total Size of SET Base

No. of Black South African SET Staff

% of SET Base who are Black

No. of Female (South African) SET Staff

% of SET Base who are Female

No. of SET Staff with Doctorates

% of SET Base with Doctorates

1753

912

≥52

561

≥32

320

≥18.2

1869

1042

55.8

628

33.6

335

17.9

Trend in doctorates

Trend in SET staff



LEARNING AND GROWTH


Financial and governance

Indicator

2014/15 Target

2014/15 Actual

Investment in Property, Plant & Equipment

Total Income

Net Profit

B-BBEE Rating

Disabling Injury Frequency Rate

≥R 95.7m

≥R 2 360 m

≥R 49.1 m

Level 2 Contributor

< 0.3

R 209.7 m

R 2 380 m

R 57 m

Level 2 Contributor

0.04

Trend in income streams

Investment in PPE

Thank you


Targets for key performance indicatorsTrend in journal articles

Target 300

Nu

mb

er

of

jou

rna

l a

rtic

les

Back

2006/07

2007/08

2008/09

2009/10

2010/11

2011/12

2012/13

2013/14

2014/15

2015/16

2019/20

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

ActualPlanned

Trend in journal articles


Targets for key performance indicatorsTrend of cumulative patents awarded

Cumulative patents

Target: ≥216

Nu

mb

er

of

pa

ten

ts

Back

2005/06

2006/07

2007/08

2008/09

2009/10

2010/11

2011/12

2012/13

2013/14

2014/15

2015/16

2019/20

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

ActualPlanned


Trend in contract R&D income (Rm)

Target: R1780 mC

on

tra

ct

R&

D i

nc

om

e (

Rm

)

Targets for key performance indicators:Trend in contract R&D income

Back

2005/06

2006/07

2007/08

2008/09

2009/10

2010/11

2011/12

2012/13

2013/14

2014/15

2015/16

2019/20

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

ActualPlanned


Targets for key performance indicatorsRoyalty and licence income

Royalty and licence income (Rm)

Target: R7.4 m

Back

2007/08

2008/09

2009/10

2010/11

2011/12

2012/13

2013/14

2014/15

2015/16

2019/20

0

5

10

15

20

25

ActualPlanned

Ro

yalt

y &

Lic

ence

inco

me

(Rm

)


Targets for key performance indicatorsTrend in SET staff numbers

Target: 1850

Trend in SET staff numbers

Back

2006/07

2007/08

2008/09

2009/10

2010/11

2011/12

2012/13

2013/14

2014/15

2015/16

2019/20

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

ActualPlanned

Nu

mb

er

of

SE

T s

taff


Targets for key performance indicatorsTrend in number of doctorates

Trend in number of doctorates

Nu

mb

er

of

sta

ff w

ith

do

cto

rate

s

Target: 330

Back

2006/07

2007/08

2008/09

2009/10

2010/11

2011/12

2012/13

2013/14

2014/15

2015/16

2019/20

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ActualPlanned


Trend in CSIR income streams

Trend in income streams

2008/09

2009/10

2010/11

2011/12

2011/12

2012/13

2013/14

2014/15

2015/16

2016/17

-

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

Royalty income

Contract R&D income

Parliamentary Grant income

3 000

500

2 000

2 500

1 000

1 500

R m

illi

on

Back


Target: R113 m

Investment in PPE (Rm)

Targets for key performance indicatorsTrend in investment in property, plant and equipment

Back

2005/06

2006/07

2007/08

2008/09

2009/10

2010/11

2011/12

2012/13

2013/14

2014/15

2015/16

2019/20

0

50

100

150

200

250

ActualPlanned

Inv

es

tme

nt

in P

PE

(R

m)

Documents

Presentation to the Portfolio Committee on Science and Technology 15 October 2015