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Presentation to the
Biological and Environmental Research Advisory Committee
December 3, 2002
by
David Reichle
1
An Evaluation of the Department of Energy’s Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) Experiments as Scientific User Facilities
2Presentation to the Biological and Environmental Research Advisory CommitteeDecember 3, 2002
An Evaluation of the Department of Energy’s Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) Experiments as Scientific User Facilities
What are FACE Facilities?
Environmental research facilities to conduct controlled CO2 enrichment, and other manipulative experiments on intact
ecosystems under natural environmental conditions.
3Presentation to the Biological and Environmental Research Advisory CommitteeDecember 3, 2002
An Evaluation of the Department of Energy’s Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) Experiments as Scientific User Facilities
FACE – Environmental Research User Facilities
• FACE evolved from experimental projects to user facilities
• Enable research on intact ecosystems under natural environmental conditions
• Consist of controlled CO2, O3 fumigation experiments• Collectively constitute a distributed user facility
across different geographic ecosystems• Allow long-term, continuous measurements on
ecological processes and responses
Purpose: To study the response of ecosystems and ecological processes to environmental change
4Presentation to the Biological and Environmental Research Advisory CommitteeDecember 3, 2002
An Evaluation of the Department of Energy’s Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) Experiments as Scientific User Facilities
Questions Asked by BER in the FACE Review
• Are the BER-funded FACE facilities considered to be and recognized as scientific user facilities?
• Are the BER-funded FACE facilities effectively operated?
• Does a distributed FACE network offer significant opportunities for scientists?
• Can the FACE facilities be enhanced to attract more users?
• Can FACE sites be enhanced as a distributed user network?
5Presentation to the Biological and Environmental Research Advisory CommitteeDecember 3, 2002
An Evaluation of the Department of Energy’s Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) Experiments as Scientific User Facilities
FACE User Facilities
Site Ecosystem Type No. Rings Experimental Variables
Duke Loblolly pine7
CO2 – ambient +200
umol mol-1, daytime fumigation
Oak Ridge Sweetgum6
CO2 – 560 ppm,
daytime fumigation
Nevada Desert9
CO2 – 550 ppm, 24-
hr. fumigation
Rhinelander Aspen, birch12
CO2 – 560 ppm,
daytime fumigation, variable O3
6Presentation to the Biological and Environmental Research Advisory CommitteeDecember 3, 2002
An Evaluation of the Department of Energy’s Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) Experiments as Scientific User Facilities
Rhinelander USDA USFS Research Station
7Presentation to the Biological and Environmental Research Advisory CommitteeDecember 3, 2002
An Evaluation of the Department of Energy’s Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) Experiments as Scientific User Facilities
Research Measurement at a Duke FACE Ring
8Presentation to the Biological and Environmental Research Advisory CommitteeDecember 3, 2002
An Evaluation of the Department of Energy’s Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) Experiments as Scientific User Facilities
FACE Review Process
• Briefing by DOE/BER Program Managers• Site letter and questionnaires• Reading of documents and websites• Site visits with managers and operators• Discussions with PIs• Review of operations and user interactions
9Presentation to the Biological and Environmental Research Advisory CommitteeDecember 3, 2002
An Evaluation of the Department of Energy’s Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) Experiments as Scientific User Facilities
Advance Information Requested from Each Site
1. Names and institutional affiliations of users, dates of involvement, and nature of the collaboration
2. Information on user satisfaction and user feedback3. Statistics on proposals approved and/or declined;
description of user policy and proposal review/approval procedure
4. Listings of publications with user coauthors identified with work funded by DOE and work funded by other sources indicated
5. Summary to date of DOE core funding and extramural funding that supported users
10Presentation to the Biological and Environmental Research Advisory CommitteeDecember 3, 2002
An Evaluation of the Department of Energy’s Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) Experiments as Scientific User Facilities
Evaluation of the FACE Sites as User Facilities
11Presentation to the Biological and Environmental Research Advisory CommitteeDecember 3, 2002
An Evaluation of the Department of Energy’s Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) Experiments as Scientific User Facilities
Evaluation of the FACE Sites as User Facilities (cont.)
12Presentation to the Biological and Environmental Research Advisory CommitteeDecember 3, 2002
An Evaluation of the Department of Energy’s Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) Experiments as Scientific User Facilities
Key Findings
FACE user facilities• Are highly instrumented and calibrated ecosystems• Are accessible and valuable to the user community• Provide facility and infrastructure support• Provide long-term continuity in measurements and data
availability• Could attract and accommodate more users• Should better track users and user satisfaction• Should better coordinate operational and experimental
protocols• Would improve performance as a network with a
coordinating committee
13Presentation to the Biological and Environmental Research Advisory CommitteeDecember 3, 2002
An Evaluation of the Department of Energy’s Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) Experiments as Scientific User Facilities
Scientific Users at the FACE Facilities
Scientific users are those doing research and excludes those responsible for core operations.
(a) 1994 – June 2002, (b) April 1996 – May 2002, (c) 1997 – May 2002, and (d) data for 1997 – October 2002.
SiteScientist
PIsTech. &
RAsPostdoc-
toralsGrad Stud.
Total Research
Users
Dukea 65 5 20 34 124
Nevadab 33 19 15 29 96
Oak Ridgec 35 10 3 11 59
Rhinelanderd 50 11 6 7 74
14Presentation to the Biological and Environmental Research Advisory CommitteeDecember 3, 2002
An Evaluation of the Department of Energy’s Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) Experiments as Scientific User Facilities
Publication Productivity from the FACE Facilities
(a) published and in press, (b) 1994 – June 2002, (c) April 1996 – May 2002, (d) 1997 – May 2002, and (e) 1997 – October 2002
SitePeer-
Reviewed Publications a
Symposia/ Book Chap.
BooksTechnical Reports
Theses TOTAL Presentations
Duke(1994-2002)
125b 16 0 0 12 153 240
Nevada(1996-2002)
32c 3 0 0 4 39 57
Oak Ridge(1997-2002)
20d 2 0 0 1 23 37
Rhinelander(1997-2002)
42e 17 2 4 2 67 16
15Presentation to the Biological and Environmental Research Advisory CommitteeDecember 3, 2002
An Evaluation of the Department of Energy’s Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) Experiments as Scientific User Facilities
Recommendations to DOE/BER
• Establish Cross-Site FACE Coordinating Committee• Separate operational and research funding• Ensure adequate and appropriate support staff• Coordinate and promote FACE with other federal
bodies
16Presentation to the Biological and Environmental Research Advisory CommitteeDecember 3, 2002
An Evaluation of the Department of Energy’s Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) Experiments as Scientific User Facilities
Recommendations to the FACE Facility Coordinating Committee
• Provide program integration and coordination• Ensure formal user groups for each facility• Track users and monitor user satisfaction• Standardize core operations and measurements• Measure science productivity and impact• Contribute to strategic planning