Presentation Skills

Learning Objectives

Review presentations skills View video - Presentations Develop a format for introducing and

thanking a speaker Prepare and present presentations

based on Career Track Profiles

Learning Objectives - continued Discuss the requirements and topics

for chapter presentations Sign up for a chapter presentation Discuss requirements for Gadget

presentation

PREPARING AN ORAL PRESENTATION

Identifying Your Purpose Decide what you want your audience to do,

think, believe, or remember when you finish this presentation.

Aim all parts of your talk toward your purpose.

Organizing the Introduction Introduce your topic.

Preview the main points.

Organizing the Introduction Get the audience involved. Capture attention by opening with a promise,

story, startling fact, question, quotation, relevant problem, or self-effacing story.

Establish your credibility by identifying your position, expertise, knowledge, or qualifications.

Nine Techniques for Gaining and Keeping Audience Attention A Promise

By the end of this presentation, you will be able to . . . .

Drama Tell a moving story; describe a serious problem.

Eye contact Command attention at the beginning by making

eye contact with as many people as possible.

Nine Techniques for Gaining and Keeping Audience Attention Movement

Leave lectern area. Move toward audience. Questions

Ask for show of hands. Use rhetorical questions. Demonstrations

Include member of audience.

Nine Techniques for Gaining and Keeping Audience Attention Samples/gimmicks

Award prizes to volunteer participants; pass out samples.

Visuals Use a variety of visuals.

Self-interest Audience wants to know “What’s in it for me?”

Organizing the Body of Your Presentation Develop two to four main points.

Streamline your topic and summarize its principal parts.

Arrange the points logically: Chronologically Most important to least Comparison and contrast Some other strategy.

Organizing the Body of Your Presentation Prepare transitions.

Use “bridge” statements between major points.

I’ve just discussed three reasons for “X”; now I want to move to “Y”.

Organizing the Body of Your PresentationUse verbal signposts:

however for example

Organizing the Body of Your Presentation Have extra material ready.

Be prepared with more information and visuals if needed.

Organizing the Conclusion Review your main points.

Provide a final focus. Tell your listeners how they can use this information why you have spoken what you want them to do.

DESIGNING AND USING VISUALS

Selecting the Medium Consider the size of the audience and the

degree of formality desired.

Consider cost, ease of preparation, and potential effectiveness.

PRESENTATION ENHANCERS

Overhead Projector Cost: Low Audience size: 2-200 Formality level: Formal or informal

Flipchart Cost: Low Audience size: 2-200 Formality level: Informal

Write-and-wipe Board Cost: Medium Audience size: 2-200 Formality level: Informal

Slide Projector Cost: Medium Audience size: 2-500 Formality level: Formal

Computer Presentation Slides Cost: Low Audience size: 2-200 Formality level: Formal or informal

Handouts Cost: Varies Audience size: Unlimited Formality level: Formal or informal

Highlighting Main Ideas Focus on major concepts only.

Avoid overkill. Showing too many graphics reduces effectiveness.

Keep all visuals simple.

Ensuring Visibility Use large type for transparencies and slides. Position the screen high enough to be seen. Be sure all audience members can see.

Enhancing Comprehension Give the audience a moment to study a visual

before discussing it. Paraphrase its verbal message; don’t read it.

Practising the Use of YourVisual Aids Rehearse your talk, perfecting your handling

of the visual aids. Practisese talking to the audience and not to

the visual.

15 - 25

OVERCOMING STAGE FRIGHT

Symptoms of Stage Fright

Stomach butterflies Pounding heart Shortness of breath Sweaty palms Dry throat

Symptoms of Stage Fright

Unsteady voice Trembling hands Wobbly knees Tied tongue

Ways to Overcome Stage Fright Select a familiar, relevant topic. Prepare 150

percent. Use positive self-talk. Convert your fear into anticipation and

enthusiasm. Shift the focus from yourself to your visuals.

Ways to Overcome Stage Fright Give yourself permission to make an

occasional mistake. Ignore stumbles; keep going. Don’t

apologize. Make the listeners your partners. Get them

involved. Just before you speak, practisese deep

breathing.

12 ways to capture an audiences attention

See handout

3X3 Plan for Presentations

Opening Grabber Thesis OverviewBody Main Point 1 Main Point 2 Main Point 3Closing Restate Thesis Restate Overview Zinger/Clincher

An easy way to remember this: First tell them what you are going to tell them

Tell them

Finally, tell them what you told them

Good Speaking Skills

Good Speaking Skills

use cue cards

don’t memorize or read

know well enough that you can speak comfortably and authoritatively

use cue cards to keep you on track and as a reminder

Good Speaking Skills - continued dress appropriately

knowing you look good gives you confidence

shows the audience that you regard your task and topic as important

Good Speaking Skills - continued Have an overview

convinces the audience that you have a plan and will not just wander randomly from topic to topic

Good speaking skills - continued Use transitions

Move naturally

Talk to your audience

Be prepared for questions

Handouts at the end

Visuals

The two main types

Overhead Transparencies

computer generated clear error free easy to read

font size font type use of colour use of pictures lots of white space

remember to keep your Thesis and Overview aside for the conclusion

PowerPoint Slides

clear error free easy to read

font size font type use of colour use of pictures lots of white space

Presentation Tips

Appearance

Dress neatly and tidily - first impressions are important.

Carry yourself in a confident and professional manner.

Eye Contact

Keep eye contact with the class. This will:

keep them alert. make them feel that they

are being directly spoken to. make them feel part of the

class. give them confidence in you

as the presenter. Monitor the class' reactions

to what you are saying so that you can adjust your talk accordingly.

Do not: stare (intimidate). move your eyes from side to

side (distraction). look out the window or at

the clock (indicates boredom).

look only at visual aids (It will appear that you are not sufficiently prepared.)

look at your feet or at the ceiling (indication of nervousness or timidity).

Body Movements

Be natural

- don't move around too much or too little.

Body Movement - continued

Do: move forward for

emphasis (e.g., when standing at a podium).

relax when talking from behind a desk -this creates some intimacy with a group.

slowly and on occasion move from side to side to engage all parts of the class.

Do not: stand rigid. march. slouch.

Gestures Do: use meaningful and appropriate

gestures to make a point.

Do not (or try to avoid): play with keys or coins in your

pocket. use your hands too much, touching

your nose or ears and excessive coughing.

use gestures that indicate you are washing your hand of a situation or wringing your hands because of frustration.

use a praying gesture as some may find this offensive or foot tap as this may be perceived as patronizing.

use a pointer, pen, pencil or chalk to point at an individual may be perceived as offensive.

VOICE

Volume Speak loudly enough to be heard.

Pitch Use effectively to convey meaning.

Articulation Speak clearly, pronouncing words carefully -don't

mumble. Control your lips, teeth and tongue to assist you.

Rate

Speak more quickly to convey enthusiasm.

Speak more slowly to emphasize key points or issues.

Do Not:

speak so quickly that no one can understand.

speak so quickly that materials are glossed over rather than well explained so that they are understood.

speak so slowly that people become bored or drowsy.

LANGUAGE

Avoid "pet" expressions (e.g."O.K.","Like", "You know").

Do not use profanity.

Tip

Write down your pet expressions on an index card and have a colleague mate point out when you use those or others which you should add to your list.

Humor

Use humour but only appropriately.

Methods to Plan Impromptu Talks

Four ways of doing so

Method 1 – P.R.E.P.

P = Point

R = Reason

E = Example

P = Point

Point should be a combination of: Personal viewpoint

Something strong

Attention getter

Reason:

Explain why you feel this way

Example

Real life examples that clearly illustrate your viewpoint

Support material

Point

Go back and restate the point

Method 2 – Past / Present / Future Past – What happened in the past?

Present – What is the present situation?

Future – Where are we going in the future?

Method 3 – Related Incident Method Use the subject as a reminder of a previous incident

Relate the incident or an experience using lots of detail

For example

Asked to speak on motor vehicle safety, tell of your first accident or first investigation of motor vehicle fatality and the effects it had on you

Method 4

5 “Ws” and 1 “H”

Who

Whom did it happen to?

Who is/was involved?

What

What happened?

What was the cause?

When:

When did it happen?

Where:

Where did it happen?

Why

Why did it happen?

Why are you involved?

How

How did it happen?

How are you involved?

Note:

Be brief.

If you are asked to speak on an impromptu basis, keep it brief and to the point.

To Introduce a SpeakerNote: Should be about one and a half minutes in length

Welcome the speaker Give a little bit of his/her personal and/or professional

background Express how pleased you are that this individual has come to

make this presentation Whet the audience’s appetite by hinting at the content of the

speaker’s presentation Make at least some eye contact with the speaker May shake hands if appropriate

To thank a speaker

Note:Should be about one minute in length

May involve presenting the speaker with a gift, plaque, or honorarium

Express how much you (as a representative of the audience) enjoyed the speakers presentation

Express how the presentation is of benefit

Impromptu Presentations This presentation is done in groups of three.

One student is the introducer, one is the speaker, and the third is the thanker.

There is enough information in the case study for the introducer to use.

The speaker should just tell briefly what is important about the his/her job (in the case study) and how he/she achieves it. This is brief - about 2 minutes.

The thanker must be somewhat creative as regards his/her part as there is no specific info in the case study. This is fairly easy is the student refers back to the notes on Thanking a Speaker.

Gadget Presentation This is done in small groups, about 3 minutes each.

You will practice using visuals in a presentation.

You are to bring a gadget that they can demonstrate to the group. If you cannot bring an actual gadget, you may bring pictures of the gadget and its use.

Marking includes eye contact, voice expression/control, speaking rate/volume, gestures/movement, appropriate tone/attitude, enthusiasm. The marking sheet is one of the attachments.

Note:

The New Webster's Dictionary defines a gadget as a small mechanical or electrical device.

Another dictionary says a gadget is tool, appliance, or contrivance.

CRITERIA FOR GROUP CHAPTER PRESENTATIONS Due Week 9 Value 15 marks

You will work in groups of 3 to design and deliver a short - approximately 8 - 12 minute - presentation on a chapter topic to be chosen from the textbook.

Please see the handout for Topic Selections.

CRITERIA FOR GROUP CHAPTER PRESENTATIONS - continued The purpose of the presentation is to take the

information from the textbook and present it to the class in a meaningful way.

You are expected to have reviewed the section that they will present and re-work it into your own words using your own realistic examples to illustrate and support the material for their audience.

Because this is a group presentation, each group will be expected to research additional sources to enhance the selected topic.

Each presentation must include one of the following: At least four overhead acetate sheets (you may use more if you

wish) to clearly demonstrate the concept to the class.

1. One overhead should contain the Thesis of the presentation; 2. One overhead should contain the Overview; 3. The last should have supporting points for the main ideas in the

body of the presentation.

Overheads must be computer generated and properly transferred to overhead acetate sheets. Clear and concise overheads must effectively provide a framework for the presentation.

A PowerPoint presentation in which at least two of the slides present the thesis and overview of the presentation.

Notes:

Each presentation must effectively use the Three Part Plan for Presentation for organization and delivery.

You must sign up for your presentation with myself on the sheet provided and make your presentation on the scheduled day.

Late presentations cannot be rescheduled.

Homework Prepare Gadget presentation

Begin preparation for Chapter Presentation

Work on Chapter Quizzes

Motivational Though of the Day

It is not enough to have a good mind; the main thing is to use it well.

Rene Descartes