Presentation

• Self identification?

• U. S. Government Defined?

• Tribal Identification

What is an Native American?

What is an American Indian?

Tribal Id - CDIB

Census Definition

Caddo History

Periods

Pre History

European Contact 1542

1542 - 1685

1685 -1800

1800 - 1838

1838 - 1859

The Caddo Archaeological Area

Pre-History

Populaton Estimate of

200,000 people for

77,000 sq miles for estimate of

2.6persons per sq mile

European Contact

De Soto’s Routes in 1542

Other Expeditions

“Great Kingdom of the Tejas”

Southwest Arkansas

Northwest Louisiana

Indian Territory

Northeast Texas

Kadohadacho

Red RiverHasinai

Caddo Locations in the

16th and 17th Centuries

Natchitoches

Spanish and French Settlements 1700s

Trade in 1700s

Guns

Horses

• Fur• Salt• Maize• Bows arrows• Oil, Lard

Pottery

Tobacco

Indigo

Ornaments

Major Events 1800 to 1836

• 1803 Louisiana Purchase• Caddo Agency 1804 at Natchitoches• Louisiana Statehood in 1812• Pres Jackson Indian Removal Policy 1830 • Arkansas Statehood in 1836• Texas Republic in 1836

And a Standing Invitation by Spain/Mexico

of Land Grants to Indians and others

• Alabama-Coushatta• Choctaw• Cherokee • Delaware • Kickapoo• Seminole• Shawnee • Quapaw

Other Indian Tribes thatMoved into Caddo Area

Residential Indian Tribes: Wichita, Tonkawa

Caddo Homelands in the U.S. in 1830’s

Treaty of 1835

Ceded ½ million Acres

Louisiana

Texas Arkansas

Hasinai

Caddo Locations 1835 - 1854

Caddos of the Naches

Cherokees

Shawanee

Delawares

Kickapoos

Quapaws

Choctaws

Boluxies

Iawanies

Alabamas-Cochatties

Tahoocattakes

Unataquous

Treaty with Texas in 1836

1500 Square Miles From Tyler to Alto, Tx

Known Epidemics in Caddo Area in Texas

Caddo Population 1700 - 1780

Population Estimates 1700:

Kadohadacho 3,500

Hasinai 4,500

Natchitoches 2,000

Total 10,000

Brazos Reservation contained 73 square

miles

Brazos Reservation

Ft. Worth 90 Miles

Wichita Falls 30 Miles

Caddos (500)

Wichitas

Delawares

Shawnees

Tonkawa

*Choctaw

Reservation in West Texas-1854

Washita River

Caddo Reservation

Caddo Reservation in Oklahoma –Moved from Texas in1859

Approximately 500 Caddos in this Group

Canadian River

Allotment Era: 1901

• Every Caddo was allotted 160 acres

• 560 Caddo Allotments totaling 90,000 acres

• Caddo Reservation Opened to Public by Lottery Drawing

Current Population in 2012: Caddo Enrolled Tribal Members now total some 4,500 persons.